The Rise of Western Rationalism: Paul Feyerabend’s Story (original) (raw)

Feyerabend's Rationalism

Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 1977

I like to say there is no scientific method as such, but rather only the free and utmost use of intelligence.P.W. BridgmanIt is generally believed—see, for example, Lakatos, Dorling, Koertge, Gellner, and Finnocchiaro—that Feyerabend is committed to the view that science is an essentially irrational enterprise. In this paper, I argue initially that this is so only if Feyerabend is saddled with an unreasonable notion of rationality. Next, I point out, first, that there is a reasonable notion of rationality which is compatible with Feyerabend's non-method ‘anything goes’; and, second, that unless coupled with some form of rationalism this non-method is obviously and trivially false.

The Diviner and the Sci­en­tist: Revis­it­ing the Ques­tion of Alter­na­tive Stan­dards of Ratio­nal­ity

Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 2010

Are the stan­dards of rea­son­ing and ratio­nal­ity in div­ina­tion, reli­gious prac­tice, and tex­tual exe­ge­sis dif­fer­ent from those in the sci­ences? Can there be dif­fer­ent stan­dards of rea­son­ing and ratio­nal­ity at all? The intense “ratio­nal­ity debate” of the 1960s, 70s, and 80s focused on these ques­tions and the related prob­lems of rel­a­tivism across cul­tures and sys­tems of prac­tice. Although philoso­phers were at the cen­ter of these debates at the time, they may appear to have aban­doned the ques­tion in recent years. On the con­trary, I dis­cuss recent devel­op­ments in phi­los­o­phy that approach the issue from a num­ber of new direc­tions, chang­ing our under­stand­ing of rea­son­ing and ratio­nal­ity. I argue that, in com­par­ing the diviner to the sci­en­tist, focus­ing on rea­son­ing is likely to be a red her­ring. Instead, I argue that a care­ful treat­ment of ratio­nal­ity, pay­ing par­tic­u­lar atten­tion to its context-​​dependence, untan­gles long­stand­ing con­fu­sions. More­over, it points the way for­ward to inves­ti­gat­ing mod­est but inter­est­ing ways for there to be alter­na­tive stan­dards of rationality.

Science, Religion, and Rationality: A Neo-Hegelian Approach, Toronto Journal of Theology, 2013

The paper argues that identifying rational action with action undertaken for a reason yields Popper's well-known identification of rationality with criticism. However, it is also shown, pace Popper, to yield a strong form of normative framework dependency of the kind critical rationalists notoriously reject. But deeming rationality to be framework dependent, it argues further, raises the particularly exasperating problem of the very possibility of rational framework replacement. If the normative framework to which one is committed is presupposed in critical reasoning, how can one ever have normative reason to replace it? The first part of the paper briefly discusses the problem and some of the attempts to solve it, while arguing for an alternative approach. The second part, explores some of the consequences of adopting such an approach first for the historiography of scientific framework transitions, and finally for the theology of inter and intra-religious dialogue, with special reference to what might be termed the confrontational theology of the rabbinic literature of late antiquity.

Feyerabend, Critique of Rationality in Science

Draft only, final version in Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences, 1, Sage Publications: 357-360., 2013

An Encyclopedia entry on Feyerabend which focuses on his critique of rationalist views of science.

Riffing on Feyerabend: Direct Observation, Paraconsistentist Logic, and a Research Immanent Account of the Rationaliy of Science

Riffing on Feyerabend: Direct Observation, Paraconsistent Logic and a Research Immanent Account of the Rationality of Science, 2023

Feyerabend's work, particularly his early papers contain important insights into the nature of science and scientific progress. I discuss his insights into the limits of empiricist foundationalism and positivism. I explain how the work of a number of philosophers has borne out Feyerabend's claims in startling and interesting ways. Nevertheless, I criticise Feyerabend's move from his attack on universal method to relativism. I point out that Feyerabend never confronted a well-developed research immanent view of the rationality of scientific change, which shows the limitations of the arguments in Against Method.