European surveillance study on the antibiotic susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes (original) (raw)
Related papers
Anaerobe, 2005
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is an anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium that belongs to the normal microflora. The skin is the major habitat but it can also be found in other body regions. P. acnes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. The general perception is that P. acnes is a microorganism with low virulence, but during the last years, the prevalence of severe, life-threatening infections caused by P. acnes has increased, especially in immuno-compromised patients and in those with prosthetic devices. Long courses of antibiotics have been a mainstay of acne treatment. The consequence has been the development of antibiotic-resistant P. acnes. The aim of the present investigation was to perform a characterisation of P. acnes antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates collected from acne patients and various other diseases. The resistance pattern, genetic diversity and molecular resistance mechanisms have been studied. We have found that acne patients in Stockholm treated with antibiotics had a significantly higher risk of carrying resistant P. acnes strains, than acne patients who did not receive such a treatment. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that antimicrobial resistance has emerged among P. acnes strains isolated from different severe, lifethreatening infections in Europe. The prevalence of tetracycline resistant isolates was lower as compared to erythromycin and clindamycin resistant isolates. The bacterial resistance in P. acnes isolates obtained from various diseases mirrors the situation with antimicrobials presently in use in different countries. We have developed a new pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol as typing method for P. acnes strains. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is a powerful tool in epidemiology for the determination of clonal identity of bacteria. We have demonstrated that antibiotic-resistant P. acnes population is polyclonal and that skin isolates do not represent a separate pulsed-field type when compared with the bacterial population from other sites than the skin. We have shown that an acne patient may be colonized with different P. acnes strains with various resistance phenotypes, suggesting that certain bacterial clones are more prone to acquire resistance against a specific antibiotic. The resistant strains from acne and other diseases showed well-known mutations in the 23S rRNA and 16S rRNA, but also new mechanisms of resistance have evolved. It is conceivable that mobile genetic elements carrying resistance genes have developed and can be transferred to other pathogenic bacteria. There is a complex relationship between antibiotic resistance and outcome in acne vulgaris. It is still an open question how much of the antibiotic efficacy in acne is due to the anti-propionibacterial or anti-inflammatory effect. Treatment with oral tetracycline combined with a topical retinoid proved to be a good clinical alternative to oral isotretinoin, regardless of the presence of antibiotic-resistant P. acnes on the skin. The resistance seems to move from the acne patients to the community. We have shown that carriage of resistant P. acnes isolates occurs, not only in acne patients and their close contacts, but also in the general population. Close contacts within families were found to carry the same clonal type of antibiotic-resistant P. acnes as acne patients. The cost of resistance may be ameliorated by compensatory mutations causing the stabilization of the antibiotic-resistant bacterial population. Efforts should be made in preventing the development of resistance and the accumulation of antibiotic resistant P. acnes strains.
Dermatologic Therapy, 2016
Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial skin disease associated with the colonization of Propionibacterium acnes. Antibiotics are a mainstay of treatment for acne, yet the emergence of resistance against the currently approved antibiotics is a serious concern. In this case report, a slow responder had multiple Propionibacterium acnes isolates with varied levels of sensitivity to the conventional antibiotics. The bacterial isolates obtained from acne samples collected from the patient were analyzed for phylogeny, and was found to be largely restricted to two different lineage patterns. Propionibacterium acnes phylotype IA1, which is considered to be pathogenic, displayed clindamycin sensitivity, but phylotype IB, which is associated with commensals, exhibited high clindamycin resistance. Sensitivity analysis revealed uniform resistance to macrolides, but
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes and Related Microbial Species
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1976
The minimal inhibitory concentrations of 32 antimicrobial agents were established for 73 strains of Propionibacterium acnes and four related species ( P. granulosum, P. avidum, Corynebacterium minutissimum , and C. parvum ). Most strains showed good susceptibility to those agents usually considered active against gram-positive organisms. With the exception of C. minutissimum , the strains tested revealed more or less identical susceptibility ranges. The lowest minimal inhibitory concentrations were observed with benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, rifampin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and minocycline. C. minutissimum was more susceptible to gentamicin, sisomicin, tobramycin, and fusidic acid but more resistant to most other drugs than were the other species examined.
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2016
Introduction: Propionibacterium acnes has been implicated in the development of acne vulgaris. Rampant use of topical and systemic antibiotics for acne vulgaris has led to resistance due to selective pressure. This study aimed to determine antibiotic resistance of P. acnes. Methodology: A total of 102 samples were collected from acne lesions and cultured onto sheep's blood agar and brain-heart infusion agar supplemented with 5 g/L glucose and 2 mg/L furazolidone) (BHIg) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Species identification was done by conventional methods and the VITEK2 Compact system. The isolates were tested for penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, nadifloxacin, and tetracycline by E-test, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of minocycline was determined by agar dilution on BHIg. MIC results were interpreted as per EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) and CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute) guidelines. Results: P. acnes was the most common anaerobe (66%) isolated. Resistance rates using EUCAST and CLSI breakpoints were 10.6% and 6.1%, 7.6% and 0%, 7.8% and 0% for erythromycin, clindamycin, and minocycline, respectively. Tetracycline resistance was observed in 9.2% isolates irrespective of the interpretative criteria used. MIC50 and MIC90 values for nadifloxacin (0.25 and 1 µg/mL) were found to be twofold lower than those for ciprofloxacin (0.5 and 1 µg/mL). Similarly, MIC50 and MIC90 values for minocycline (0.125 and 0.5 µg/mL) were also two-to threefold lower than those for tetracycline (0.38 and 1 µg/mL). Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study focusing on P. acnes resistance from India.
Australasian Journal of Dermatology, 2012
Background/Objectives: Antibiotic resistance in the community, including transfer between bacteria, is a growing concern for clinicians. Acne is commonly treated in general practice, sometimes with antibiotics. The aim of this study is to measure the rate of carriage of antibiotic resistant Propionibacterium acnes 10 years apart in general practice and the relationship of resistance to type of treatment, as well potential effects on other flora.
2006
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is an anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium that belongs to the normal microflora. The skin is the major habitat but it can also be found in other body regions. P. acnes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. The general perception is that P. acnes is a microorganism with low virulence, but during the last years, the prevalence of severe, life-threatening infections caused by P. acnes has increased, especially in immuno-compromised patients and in those with prosthetic devices. Long courses of antibiotics have been a mainstay of acne treatment. The consequence has been the development of antibiotic-resistant P. acnes. The aim of the present investigation was to perform a characterisation of P. acnes antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates collected from acne patients and various other diseases. The resistance pattern, genetic diversity and molecular resistance mechanisms have been studied. We have found that acne patients in Stockholm treated with antibiotics had a significantly higher risk of carrying resistant P. acnes strains, than acne patients who did not receive such a treatment. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that antimicrobial resistance has emerged among P. acnes strains isolated from different severe, lifethreatening infections in Europe. The prevalence of tetracycline resistant isolates was lower as compared to erythromycin and clindamycin resistant isolates. The bacterial resistance in P. acnes isolates obtained from various diseases mirrors the situation with antimicrobials presently in use in different countries. We have developed a new pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol as typing method for P. acnes strains. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is a powerful tool in epidemiology for the determination of clonal identity of bacteria. We have demonstrated that antibiotic-resistant P. acnes population is polyclonal and that skin isolates do not represent a separate pulsed-field type when compared with the bacterial population from other sites than the skin. We have shown that an acne patient may be colonized with different P. acnes strains with various resistance phenotypes, suggesting that certain bacterial clones are more prone to acquire resistance against a specific antibiotic. The resistant strains from acne and other diseases showed well-known mutations in the 23S rRNA and 16S rRNA, but also new mechanisms of resistance have evolved. It is conceivable that mobile genetic elements carrying resistance genes have developed and can be transferred to other pathogenic bacteria. There is a complex relationship between antibiotic resistance and outcome in acne vulgaris. It is still an open question how much of the antibiotic efficacy in acne is due to the anti-propionibacterial or anti-inflammatory effect. Treatment with oral tetracycline combined with a topical retinoid proved to be a good clinical alternative to oral isotretinoin, regardless of the presence of antibiotic-resistant P. acnes on the skin. The resistance seems to move from the acne patients to the community. We have shown that carriage of resistant P. acnes isolates occurs, not only in acne patients and their close contacts, but also in the general population. Close contacts within families were found to carry the same clonal type of antibiotic-resistant P. acnes as acne patients. The cost of resistance may be ameliorated by compensatory mutations causing the stabilization of the antibiotic-resistant bacterial population. Efforts should be made in preventing the development of resistance and the accumulation of antibiotic resistant P. acnes strains.
Analysis of clinical isolates of Propionibacterium acnes by optimised RAPD
FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2003
Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was evaluated as a genotypic method for typing clinical strains of Propionibacterium acnes. RAPD can suffer from problems of reproducibility if parameters are not standardised. In this study the reaction conditions were optimised by adjusting template DNA concentration and buffer constituents. All isolates were typeable using the optimised RAPD protocol which was found to be highly discriminatory (Simpson's diversity index, 0.98) and reproducible. Typing of P. acnes by optimised RAPD is an invaluable tool for the epidemiological investigation of P. acnes for which no other widely accepted method currently exists.