Lectotypification of Campanula secundiflora Vis. & Pančić (Campanulaceae), a species of European concern (original) (raw)
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Nomenclatural notes and typifications in Campanula versicolor (Campanulaceae) and related names
Phytotaxa, 2017
Campanula versicolor is a member of the Campanula pyramidalis complex. It is distributed in the southern Balkan Peninsula, with a small disjunct range in SE Italy (Puglia and Basilicata administrative regions). Due to its high morphological variability, 17 taxa have been described (at specific and infraspecific level). However, the taxonomic status of these taxa is not clear. In modern floristic literature and checklists they are considered as synonyms within broadly defined C. versicolor. Considering the fact that misinterpretations of their taxonomy in floras and checklists might be caused by unresolved nomenclatural issues, after studying the original material from relevant herbarium collections, we designated lectotypes or epitypes for the following names: C. corymbosa, C. planiflora, C. plasonii, C. rosanii, C. tenorei, C. versicolor, C. versicolor f. mrkvickana, C. versicolor subsp. thessala subvar. lancifolia, C. versicolor var. rosanii, C. versicolor var. thessala, C. versic...
The Genus Campanula L. (Campanulaceae) in Croatia, circum-Adriatic and west Balkan region
Status of the genus Campanula L. (Campanulaceae) in southeast-European amphi-Adriatic and West Balkan countries (Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro, FYR Macedonia, and Albania) is discussed, according to the local checklists, recent nomenclature and research. The flora of the region comprises at least 84 Campanula species and subspecies, out of which 75% are endemic, with a considerable number of incipient taxa. Accent is placed on the Croatian flora, which contains 30 species and 5 subspecies (42% of the regional taxa), while some older references are found to be inaccurate or recently unconfirmed. The predominant chromosome number is diploid, 2n = 34, while the most prevailing life form is hemichryptophytic (97% of the taxa). More than 30% of the Croatian campanulas are endemic, particularly of the Isophylla, Heterophylla (Rotundifolia), Pyramidalis and Waldsteiniana lineages, the unsolved relations among which are considered to be the most interesting in the region. The genus Campanula, in its current circumscription, needs fundamental revision.
Plant Biosystems, 2006
In the north-eastern quadrant of the Mediterranean Region many endemic Campanula (Campanulaceae) taxa and lineages arose, of which the Isophylla group and the Rotundifolia complex (sect. Heterophylla), essentially separated on the basis of their leaf shapes, and some of the endemic western Balkan, Dinaric lineages (i.e. ‘isophylloid’ aggregates Waldsteiniana and Pyramidalis) are members. The aim of this study is to revise the mutual morphological floral relations of these endemic lineages, on the basis of 14 taxa, 33 populations and 409 flower samples, and measure simple flower traits and their ratios. For data interpretation, a phenetic approach using multivariate analyses was applied, as a first attempt in understanding biometrical floral relations between the similarly distributed Campanula lineages, and to provide a fundamental background for the cladistic and molecular analyses that will follow. Two ‘natural’Campanula groups, isophyllous/isophylloid and heterophyllous, are identified according to their floral properties. The floral pattern of Campanula waldsteiniana and C. tommasiniana are clearly separated, by the corolla shapes, into isophyllous and heterophyllous, respectively, while C. pyramidalis follows the isophyllous pattern, but is plainly recognizable.
Natural Delineation, Molecular Phylogeny and Floral Evolution in Campanula
Systematic Botany 33(1): 203-217, 2008
The circumscription and infrageneric classification of Campanula is highly controversial. Independent and combined data from nuclear and chloroplast sequences (trnL-trnF, ITS) were analyzed with Bayesian and parsimony methods to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of Campanula and allied genera, and explore the biological processes that occurred during the evolution of this genus. The main sections and subgenera of Campanula and related genera were sampled extensively. Chromosome numbers, corolla types, habit and capsule dehiscence were mapped on the trees to search for evolutionary patterns. The phylogenetic analyses revealed that Campanula, as currently circumscribed, is not monophyletic. This genus is divided into two main clades: a large core of Campanula species that includes related genera (Adenophora, Asyneuma, Azorina, Campanulastrum, Diosphaera, Edraianthus, Githopsis, Hanatnisaya, Heterocodon, Legousia, Michauxia, Petromarula, Physoplexis, Phyteuma, Trachelium, and Triodanis), and a clade constituted by Musschia plus two Campanula species. The large core of Campanula is divided into two main groups, a rapunculoid and a campanuloid group. Both Bayesian and Parsimony analyses indicate that the main morphological characters used in classifications, such as flower shape and capsule dehiscence, have arisen in parallel. Strong selective pressures from pollinators are suggested to explain floral convergence. We put forward two different proposals in order to accomplish a classification of Campanula that more accurately reflects the evolution of this genus.
Taxon, 2014
Although the Balkan Peninsula belongs to the main European biodiversity centres, phylogeographical structure of its high-mountain flora and relationships with adjoining mountain systems remain almost unknown. Here, we analyse the evolutionary patterns in Campanula alpina s.l., which comprises C. alpina Jacq. (eastern Alps, Carpathians) and the mostly neglected, allopatric Balkan taxon C. orbelica Pančić. Using a range-wide sampling, two molecular marker systems (mostly nuclear AFLPs and chloroplast DNA sequences), flow cytometry and morphometric assessment, we (1) test earlier hypotheses assuming the impact of the Balkan lineages on the history of populations in the Alps and the Carpathians; (2) elucidate the long-lasting controversy concerning the taxonomic status of the populations in the Balkan Peninsula. The primary evolutionary break, evidenced by a substantial genetic differentiation, separated the Alpine/Carpathian and Balkan populations. Thus, the previously hypothesized influence of the Balkan gene pool on the present more northerly lineages (especially on a distinct phylogeographical group occurring in the southwestern Carpathians) was rejected. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of cpDNA may support the Carpathians as the ancestral area within C. alpina from which the species reached the Alps, although strongly divergent AFLPs point at a relatively ancient time of this colonization. Molecular data and clear morphological segregation supported C. orbelica as a Balkan endemic species evolutionarily divergent from C. alpina. Both taxa are lectotypified, illustrated and morphologically characterized; their diagnostic characters are outlined.
Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2018
Capitulate inflorescence is a specific, strongly adaptive and rare feature in the genus Campanula. We studied morphologically eight capitulate Campanula taxa from the Balkans (1537 individuals/52 populations) and one more species from Caucasus at the molecular level (using chloroplast markers trnG UCC-trnS GCU and psbA-trnH, 130 individuals/58 populations) to assess their relations and evolutionary histories. Although all studied taxa were well circumscribed at both the morphological and molecular levels (except morphologically distinct but genetically invariable C. moesiaca which acquired its single haplotype via past cytoplasmic introgression from C. cervicaria), their relations inferred from the two datasets were incongruent possibly due to the homoplasy of morphological characters frequently reported in Campanula. Interspecific hybridization and introgression affected majority of studied species and may be more common in Campanula than previously thought. These processes, along with incomplete lineage sorting and retention of ancestral polymorphisms, hampered our phylogenetic reconstructions and prevented us to fully resolve species relations, and to support monophyletic origin of capitulate Campanula species. Nonetheless, several cryptic taxa were delineated, and C. daucoides was described as a new capitulate Campanula species. Different evolutionary histories and multiple glacial refugia were inferred for all species represented by multiple samples (except C. moesiaca). According to our dating, their speciation was in most cases triggered by various geo-historic events such as the uplift of the Alpide belt, Messinian Salinity Crisis, or desiccation of the Pannonian Sea/Pliocene Lakes from the central Balkans, while their further diversification was mainly driven by the onset of the Quaternary and cycles of glacials/interglacials.
Natural Delineation, Molecular Phylogeny and Floral Evolution in Campanula
Systematic Botany, 2008
The circumscription and infrageneric classification of Campanula is highly controversial. Independent and combined data from nuclear and chloroplast sequences (trnL-trnF, ITS) were analyzed with Bayesian and parsimony methods to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of Campanula and allied genera, and explore the biological processes that occurred during the evolution of this genus. The main sections and subgenera of Campanula and related genera were sampled extensively. Chromosome numbers, corolla types, habit and capsule dehiscence were mapped on the trees to search for evolutionary patterns. The phylogenetic analyses revealed that Campanula, as currently circumscribed, is not monophyletic. This genus is divided into two main clades: a large core of Campanula species that includes related genera (Adenophora,