Impact factors for the degradation of engine oil causing carbonaceous deposits in the piston’s grooves of Diesel engines (original) (raw)
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Structural aspects of European and American diesel engine piston deposits
Lubrication Science, 1990
The formation of carbonaceous deposits on upper lands and ring grooves of diesel pistons is believed to be a t least partially responsible for excessive cylinder bore wear and loss of oil control infzeld service. A properly formulated diesel lubricant has, among other performance characteristics, the ability to control piston deposits, thereby fmproving overall engine performance. lhis paper describes both the chemical and physical composition, and themorphology, ofpistondeposits formedinseveralmqjorEuropeanand American diesel lubricant qualijlcationengines. Lubricant chemistry and piston temperature are shown to have a mafor influence upon deposit composition, whereas combustion soot constitutes a minorfraction of the deposit structure. Fine details within crown land and top ring groove deposits are examined through the application of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy .
International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 2020
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that can be produced from renewable sources such as vegetable and animal fats. It is available as fuel in diesel engines. Also, biodiesel fuel is a type of environmentally friendly fuel that is non-toxic, not perishable in nature. A single cylinder, four-stroke, aircooled, direct-injection diesel engine was used in the study. In the engine is used as fuel of diesel fuel and 10%, COME (Canola Oil Methyl Ester) was added to diesel fuel. The piston rings between the engine parts are critical in term of leakage and lubrication. The fuel used affects engine performance and emissions as well as the surface structure of the piston rings. In this study, Antor 3LD510 diesel engine was run with 10% canola oil methyl ester blended fuel and the engine carried out subjected to long term 150 hours' endurance test. The engine was operated at 1500 rpm and under part load. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and EDX (Energy Dispersive Spectrometry) analysis of the first, second and third piston rings were performed. As a result, after the operation of the engine with both fuels, the Cr element was largely determined on the surface of the first piston ring and the structure was not disturbed. When the second piston ring surface distribution of COME10 fuel compared to diesel fuel is examined, it is seen that besides the wear elements, combustion and fuel chemistry in the engine are more effective on the surface. The surface of the third piston ring was found to be close to each other after the operating of engine.
Understanding carbonaceous deposit formation resulting from engine oil degradation
Carbon, 2009
The formation processes of carbonaceous deposits in the first piston ring grooves of direct injection diesel engines have been studied. Deposits generated during engine tests were analysed by SEM/EDX, thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and FT-IR spectroscopy. These analyses showed that the deposits, with a structure of cracked varnishes, mainly resulted from the degradation of lubricants. Their state strongly depends on the severity of the tests, which resulted in the formation of two kinds of deposits, termed as 'oily' and 'dry', according to their content of volatile organic matters. Then, to better understand the deposit formation process, a thermo-oxidative degradation of the lubricating oil was carried out in a tubular furnace, while varying temperature, duration of the test, and adding metallic elements to simulate the engine wear. The consumption of antioxidant additives and the lubricant carbonization were highlighted. Temperature level was identified as the most influential parameter during the lubricant degradation process. The presence of metallic elements appeared to act as a catalyst by speeding up the degradation when the tests duration was increased. (M. Diaby). C A R B O N 4 7 ( 2 0 0 9 ) 3 5 5 -3 6 6 a v a i l a b l e a t w w w . s c i e n c e d i r e c t . c o m j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / c a r b o n
Tribology and Interface …, 2005
The effects of engine load and speed on the level of degradation of lubricant extracted from the piston top ring zone of a gasoline engine have been examined for a partially formulated Group III base fluid with calcium alkyl sulfonate detergent; higher loads and lower engine speeds give greater levels of degradation. The degree of oxidation of the lubricant was determined by monitoring the concentration of carbonyl containing species using FTIR spectroscopy. Comparison of the level of degradation products in the piston ring pack with the rate of increase of these products in the sump allow rates to be calculated for lubricant flowing through the piston ring pack and returning to the sump; the flow rates varied little with load at 0.6 cm 3 s -1 cylinder -1 (over the range 33 -75 %) but increased proportional to engine speed from approximately 0.4 cm 3 s -1 cylinder -1 at 1000 rpm to 0.9 cm 3 s -1 at 2000 rpm. The effect of the calcium alkyl sulfonate detergent has also been examined; its presence substantially increases the rate of lubricant flow through the piston assembly and reduces the level of degradation of the lubricant in the piston ring pack. The nature of oxidation products containing the carbonyl group was also examined; approximately half were found to be carboxylic acids.
Comprehensive improvement of the surface quality of the diesel engine piston
Metalurgija, 2019
An important requirement for the material for pistons concerns its parameters at different temperatures of piston operation at different ambient temperatures. The study uses penetration tests in quality control of diesel engine pistons used in passenger cars. The purpose of the tests was to determine, with the use of traditional quality management tools, the sources of incompatibility of castings detected in eddy current testing. The aim of the analysis was to reduce the number of non-compliant products or to eliminate them altogether.
The Effects of Different Fuels on Wear between Piston Ring and Cylinder
Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2014
In internal combustion engines, mechanical friction occurs between engine components in contact with each other, leading to wear and important loss of efficiency. Mechanical energy absorbed by piston ring-cylinder pair in piston engines accounts for the largest portion of efficiency losses due to mechanical friction. Different engine lubrication regimes significantly affect wear and friction. In addition to selection of compatible materials, improvement of operational conditions and the properties of lubricants and fuels are of great importance to minimize wear. This study investigated the effects of oil, diesel fuel, oil + diesel fuel, and two different biodiesel fuels (SOME: sunflower oil methyl ester and TSOME: tobacco seed oil methyl ester) as engine lubricants and their effects on wear in piston ring-cylinder pair. The tests were carried out at different engine speeds and loads. Minimum wear occurred when using engine oil as lubricant, and maximum wear occurred when using diese...
Results of Experimental Research Physical-Chemical Characteristics Oil from Engines of Vehicles
Proceedings on Engineering Sciences
In the study of ways to reduce the friction losses of internal combustion (IC) engines, investigations of losses from elements in the piston assembly, the bearing system, and the valve train system are paramount. Mechanical and thermodynamic losses, wear and the emissions caused by lubricating oil combustion are principally influenced by the tribological behaviour of the piston assembly. The tribological performance of piston rings in reciprocating IC engines can only be fully understood when both lubrication and wear are considered in combination. This paper deals with physical-chemical tests that are part of the oil analysis and are used to access the condition of the system. Furthermore, the results of experimental research on the physical-chemical properties of the oil sampled from engines of the vehicles are shown.
Laser Surface Cleaning of Carbonaceous Deposits on Diesel Engine Piston
Carbonaceous deposits of diesel engine piston are known to reduce engine durability and performance. Little research has been conducted on the deposits removal by laser technique. In this paper, the deposits on the surface of piston crown part before and after laser cleaning were examined by FTIR, XPS and SEM/EDX. The deposits were found to be distributed non-uniformly on the surface and they could be distinguished as a thicker layer of contaminants, located mainly in the plug region, while a thinner layer can be found in the remaining area. The main constituents of the deposits were analyzed as Fe 3 C, Fe 3 O 4 , possibly FeOOH, oxygenated hydrocarbons as well as carboxylates. Laser cleaning can remove Fe 3 C completely, and reduce the concentration of oxygenated hydrocarbons and carboxylates significantly. Fe 2 O 3 , instead of Fe 3 O 4 , was formed on the cleaned region.