Assessment and Modeling of Stream Mitigation Procedures [2003] (original) (raw)
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Assessment and Modeling of Stream Mitigation Procedures
1999
This study evaluates the construction and performance of the Kentucky Department of Transportation stream disturbance mitigation projects. The initial study tasks were a literature search, a review of stream performance models, a review of Kentucky's and other agencies' regulations pertaining to stream mitigation, identification of representative stream mitigation projects, and evaluation of those stream mitigation sites. The results of this study will be a tool for evaluating stream mitigation projects after they are constructed.
Fisheries, 2014
Efecto de las inundaciones en la infraestructura de pasadizos fluviales: beneficios económicos y ecológicos de los diseños de simulación de arroyos RESuMEN: el diseño de simulación de arroyos es un enfoque geomórfico, de ingeniería y con consideraciones ecosistémicas en el que se crean pasadizos erigiendo un canal natural y dinámico entre arroyos a través de estructuras de paso similares en dimensiones y características al canal natural adyacente, permitiendo así el paso irrestricto de organismos acuáticos, debris y agua durante distintas condiciones de flujo, incluyendo inundaciones. Se llevó a cabo un caso de estudio retrospectivo acerca de los éxitos y fracasos de la construcción de pasadizos entre arroyos en la parte alta de la cuenca del Río Blanco y el parque Nacional Montaña Verde, en Vermont, justo después de las inundaciones sucedidas tras el paso de la tormenta tropical Irene, en agosto de 2011. El daño fue en gran parte evitado en dos pasadizos donde se implementó el diseño de simulación de arroyos, no así en distintos pasadizos que fueron construidos mediante el diseño hidráulico tradicional, en los que el daño fue extensivo. El análisis de costos sugiere que incrementos relativamente pequeños en la inversión inicial, destinados a implementar un diseño de simulación de arroyos, dan como resultado considerables beneficios sociales y económicos. Se presentan recomendaciones que podrán ayudar tanto a las agencias como los participantes genuinamente interesados en el tema, a mejorar los pasadizos fluviales mediante un incremento en la coordinación que promueva las metodologías del diseño de simulación de arroyos, aumento de los fondos y la flexibilidad de las agencias y participantes para actualizar aquellos pasadizos cuya resiliencia a las inundaciones haya fallado y expandir los talleres de capacitación dirigidos a participantes federales, estatales y locales.
2002
Georgia Stream Management Zones (SMZ) are voluntary and have an unknown extent and impact. We use FIA data, Landsat TM imagery, and GAP and other GIS data to estimate the acreages and volumes of these buffers. We use stream data classified into trout, perennial, and intermittent, combined with DEM files containing elevation values, to assess buffers with widths consistent with Best Management Practice rules. Our results suggest that SMZs in Georgia occupy about 3.6 percent of the forested area and contain about 4 percent of its volume. Assuming 100-foot buffers, the area would be more than 7.5 percent and the volume 8.4 percent.
Landscape characteristics of a stream and wetland mitigation banking program
Ecological Applications, 2009
In the United States, stream restoration is an increasing part of environmental and land management programs, particularly under the auspices of compensatory mitigation regulations. Markets and regulations surrounding stream mitigation are beginning to mirror those of the well-established wetland mitigation industry. Recent studies have shown that wetland mitigation programs commonly shift wetlands across space from urban to rural areas, thereby changing the functional characteristics and benefits of wetlands in the landscape. However, it is not yet known if stream mitigation mirrors this behavior, and if so, what effects this may have on landscape-scale ecological and hydrological processes. This project addresses three primary research questions. (1) What are the spatial relationships between stream and wetland impact and compensation sites as a result of regulations requiring stream and wetland mitigation in the State of North Carolina? (2) How do stream impacts come about due to the actions of different types of developers, and how do the characteristics of impacts sites compare with compensation sites? To what extent does stream compensation relocate highquality streams within the river network, and how does this affect localized (intrawatershed) loss or gain of aquatic resources? Using geospatial data collected from the North Carolina Division of Water Quality and the Army Corps of Engineers' Wilmington District, we analyzed the behavior of the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program in providing stream and wetland mitigation for the State of North Carolina. Our results suggest that this program provides mitigation (1) in different ways for different types of permittees; (2) at great distances (both Euclidean and within the stream network) from original impacts; (3) in significantly different places than impacts within watersheds; and (4) in many cases, in different watersheds from original impacts. Our analysis also reveals problems with regulator data collection, storage, and quality control. These results have significant implications given new federal requirements for ecological consistency within mitigation programs. Our results also indicate some of the landscape-scale implications of using market-based approaches to ecological restoration in general.
Forest road hydrology : the influence of forest roads on stream flow at stream crossings
2004
The management of existing forest road systems is an issue of growing importance and public debate. Roads can alter the hydrologic processes in a watershed especially at stream crossing culverts where road ditches channel runoff directly into the stream. The objective of this study was to determine how surface runoff from roads augments natural stream flow at stream crossing culverts. This study took place within an 824 ha watershed in the foothills of the Oregon Coast Range approximately three miles west of Corvallis, Oregon. Sixteen stream crossing culverts were selected for study. Discharge was measured from October 2002 through May 2003 at each stream and at the adjoining ditch(es). Hydrographs for both stream flow and ditch flow were analyzed for five storms that occurred during the winter 2002-2003. The interaction of the road with subsurface flow from the hillslope caused the hydrology of the road segment to be classified as either "intermittent" or "ephemeral." Peak flow and total runoff at the stream crossing culverts was compared with the magnitude and timing of peak flow and total runoff in the adjoining ditch(es). Forest roads were found to alter the flow paths of water through the Oak Creek watershed. The road altered storm runoff and peak flow at the stream crossing culverts seventy-four times out of seventyeight opportunities during five storms. The amount of the change depended primarily on whether or not the road cutslope intercepted subsurface flow. Contributions of intercepted subsurface runoff to the stream were greater than contributions of surface runoff by an order of magnitude. In the Oak Creek watershed, 56 percent of the road cutslopes adjacent to streams intercepted subsurface flow.
Initial assessment of the Department of Water Resources Urban Streams Restoration Program
2008
Initial Assessment of the Department of Water Resources Urban Streams Restoration Program by Jason Maas-Baldwin Master of Science in Coastal and Watershed Science and Policy California State University Monterey Bay, 2008 Millions of dollars have been spent on urban stream restoration projects. Relatively little monitoring has been conducted to help explain the varying nature of success and failure of these projects. The urban stream restoration effort will not advance without these data. Using a rapid assessment method based on uniform assessment protocols this study evaluated the multi-parameter success of 17 restoration projects funded by the California Department of Water Resources’ Urban Streams Restoration Program. The restoration projects generally improve stream condition compared with paired unrestored sites. The amount of improvement does not likely depend on either the project age or the cost of the project. In most cases bank stabilization efforts are effective. Structura...
Characterizing a Major Urban Stream Restoration Project: Nine Mile Run
2014
ABSTRACT: Urban stream restoration continues to be used as an ecological management tool, despite uncertainty about the long-term sustainability and resilience of restored systems. Evaluations of restoration success often focus on specific instream indicators, with limited attention to the wider basin or parallel hydrologic and geomorphic process 1 . A comprehensive understanding of urban stream restoration progress is particularly important for comparisons with nonurban sites as urban streams can provide substantial secondary benefits to urban residents. Here, we utilize a wide range of indicators to retrospectively examine the restoration of Nine Mile Run, a multi-million dollar stream restoration project in eastern Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania, USA). Examination of available continuous hydrological data illustrates the high cost of failures to incorporate the data into planning and adaptive management. For example, persistent extreme flows drive geomorphic degradation threatening to ...
Impact of an unsealed forest road stream crossing water - Lane _ Sheridan Roads 2002.pdf
Turbidity monitoring and rainfall and runoff simulation experiments were conducted at a newly constructed unsealed road stream crossing to determine the quantity and sources of sediment entering the stream. Continuous measurements of turbidity and estimation of total suspended solids (TSS) concentration upstream and downstream of the stream culvert were taken over a 5 month period. There was a statistically significant difference in turbidity and TSS downstream of the crossing during baseflow conditions, but the quality of the water column remained good during non-rain periods. Rainfall events comprised around 20% of the observation period and led to decreases in water quality downstream of the crossing. Water quality could be considered as degraded for 10% of the observations. This was during a period when the rainfall was 65% of the long-term average. Calculated suspended sediment loads were 0Ð78 t upstream and 2Ð77 t downstream, an increase of 3Ð5. It was estimated that at least 2-3 t of bedload material was also added to the stream during the crossing construction and from subsequent erosion. This material is a deposit on the cobble stream bed, and is most likely to degrade aquatic ecosystem values. Rainfall and runoff simulation revealed the principal sediment sources to be a fillslope that contributed coarse bedload material through rill erosion and unprotected toe scour, and the unmetalled road verge that provided fines. Although the quality of water column was good for the majority of the observations, the new Australian and New Zealand Water Quality Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Waters suggest this site exceeded 'trigger levels' that would warrant further investigation for both the water column and the bed deposits.