Effectiveness of a balance exercise program to improve postural control in older adults (original) (raw)
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The Effect of Giving Intervention 12 Balance Exercise on Postural Balance in Elderly
Open Journal of Nursing, 2019
Elderly is an age group that has a high risk of experiencing health problems. One risk that can be experienced by the elderly is the risk of falling. One of the risk factors for falling in the elderly is decreasing in postural balance of the elderly. One of the non-pharmacological therapies developed to reduce the risk of falling in the elderly is to improve the ability of the elderly, especially in controlling postural balance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of 12 balance exercises to improve postural balance in the elderly. This type of research is quasi experiments with static group comparison. The research data are obtained by researchers using observation sheet, then the data are tabulated. This study involved two research groups namely the control group (the group not given the intervention) and the treatment group (the group that was given the 12 balance exercise intervention). From the results of Paired samples, t-test with significance level α = 0.05 is obtained by the significance value (p) of 0.025. This study shows that the provision of 12 balance therapy exercise strategy is effective to improve postural balance in the elderly as a preventive effort from the risk of falling.
Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 2019
The common problem of elderly physical changes is a postural balance which can increase the incidence of fall. Balance exercise is an exercise program to increase the postural balance of elderly. This study aims to analyze the effect of a balance exercise that increases elderly postural balance. This study was a quasi-experimental design. The samples were 28 respondents from Wana Seraya Denpasar Nursing home based on inclusion criteria and divided into treatment group and control group containing 14 respondents in each group. The variable was elderly postural balance with balance exercise as the intervention. The participants were evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale. This study used the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test and Mann Whitney Test. The results showed that there was an increase in the postural balance in the treatment group (p=0.014), but, in the control group, there was no change (p = 1.00). There was a significant effect of balance exercise in increasing elderly postural balance with the value of p=0,001. A positive effect of the balancing exercise in the postural balance in institutionalized elderly subjects was found. This study recommends balance exercise for providing elderly postural balance that helps to decrease fall incidence among the elderly.
The Effectiveness of Balance Exercise on Reducing Risk of Fall in Older People
2018
Background: The risk of fall in the elderly can be treated by improving the balance of the body and muscle strength of the lower extremities. Balance exercise includes plantar, hip and knee flexion, hip extension and side leg raise. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of balance exercise to reduce the risk of fall in older people. Methods: This study was conducted using queasy experimental design with one group pre-post-test. The total sample included in this study was 17 participant that selected using total sampling techniques based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using student t-test. Results: The study found a significant effect of balance exercise to reduce the risk of fall in older people (p=0.000). Mean different for risk of fall before and after the intervention was 42.53 and 50.06, respectively. Conclusions: Balance exercise can reduce the risk of fall among older people. This intervention can be applied by a nurse or social worker in a nursing home to prevent fall in older people.
STRADA JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN
Most falling occurs in the elderly because of the decrease of balance and muscle strength. Physical training for elderly needs to conduct to enhance physical fitness of the elderly and it can reduce the risk of falls by increasing muscle strength by increasing body balance in the elderly. The aim of this research is to find out the effectiveness of physical exercise to improve balance in the elderly. Method to collect database is conducted in Google Scholar and Pubmed to find literature. Literature used was literature that required the inclusion criteria published in the last three years, then the result is chose and the review is conducted. Result: there are 6 literature to be reviewed. Based on literature review, it is found that respondents are 65-91 years old. Most respondents are elderly women.
Archives of gerontology and geriatrics
Different types of exercise are indicated for the elderly to prevent functional capacity limitations due to aging and reduce the risk of falls. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three different exercises (mini-trampoline, MT; aquatic gymnastics, AG and general floor gymnastics, GG) on postural balance in elderly women. Seventy-four physically independent elderly women, mean age 69±4 years, were randomly assigned to three intervention groups: (1) MT (n=23), (2) AG (n=28), and (3) GG (n=23). Each group performed physical training, including cardiorespiratory, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility and sensory-motor exercises for 12 weeks. To determine the effects on each intervention group, five postural balance tasks were performed on a force platform (BIOMEC 400): the two-legged stand with eyes open (TLEO) and two-legged stand with eyes closed (TLEC); the semi-tandem stand with eyes open (STEO) and semi-tandem stand with eyes closed (STEC) and the one-legged stand. Th...
International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 2024
Background: Inadequate muscle strength and balance impair the mobility of the elderly and increase their risk of falling. An effective sort of exercise is required to increase mobility and minimize the risk of falls in the elderly. Aims: The purpose of this study was to show that simple balance exercises (SBE) are as good as twelve balance exercises (TBE) in improving functional mobility and decreasing fall risk in the elderly. Participants and Methods: The research was a randomized control trial. The participants were 22 old people screened following inclusion and exclusion criteria and then grouped into two groups. Group 1 was administered SBE, whereas Group 2 was given TBE. Each group practiced three times each week for a total of six weeks. The timed up and go test (TUGT) is used for assessing functional mobility, while the berg balance scale (BBS) is used to assess the risk of falling. Results: Both groups showed significant increases in mean TUGT and BBS scores before and after exercise (paired sample t-test, P < 0.05). The independent t-test TUGT and BBS yielded a P > 0.05, indicating that there is no significant difference between the two groups' mean TUGT and BBS values after training. Conclusions: According to the results, SBE is equally effective as TBE in improving functional mobility and minimizing the risk of falls in elderly women.
2021
The Finnish population is rapidly aging. It is estimated that by 2050 the number of Finnish citizens over 65 years old will represent about 30% of the whole population. Aging is related to a progressive decrease in overall physiological component including muscle strength. Moreover, this loss of lower extremities strength is considered to lead to a higher risk of falls among elderly. The rate of falls, fall-related injuries, and fall-associated costs continue to increase along with the rise of the aging population. Community-based fall prevention interventions for the elderly are surging, in an attempt to address this health burden. Prevention strategies vary widely in their aim, ranging from single intervention program to comprehensive multifactorial strategies among groups of community-dwelling elderly adults. The purpose of this Bachelor thesis was to develop an evidence-based training program for elderly with focus on balance. The main research question of this thesis was “How a Multicomponent Physical Exercise Program (MPEP) can affect fall-related physical performance including balance, muscle strength and gait in older people?” The aim of this study was also to raise awareness about the existence of fall among elderly in the community of Satakunta, and the potential positive impact that physical activity can have in order to prevent these events. In addition, the whole project can function as a beneficial tool for the authors of this thesis in their future working life as physiotherapist. Seven community living residents of the Satakunta region in Finland (mean age = 68 years old) with specific fall risk factors (i.e., fear of falling, history of falls or impaired gait or balance) were assigned to a 10 weeks group exercise program (n=20). The 60-minutes exercise sessions were held twice a week, Monday and Friday from 8th of June to 17th August 2020 focused on increasing strength and balance. The outcome measurements included three physical performance tests, namely: the Timed up and Go Test, the 30 Seconds Chair Stand Test and the 4 Stage Balance Test. The aim was to assess Gait Speed, Strength and Balance among the participants. Exercisers showed postintervention improvement in measurements of gait speed by 16,1%, lower limb strength by 19,6% and static balance by 23%. The authors realized that a MPEP can affect fall-related physical performance such as strength in lower limb and balance with this sample of people. The data collected do also reinforce the notion that a MPEP is a safe and effective way to increase physiological components such muscle strength in this population. This study provided an effective, evidence-based falls prevention program that can be implemented in community settings to improve physical fitness and might reduce fall risks among this sample group
Effect of 4 Week Simple Balance Exercise on Balance Ability in Thai Elderly
The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of 4 weeks balance training program by using simple daily activity living exercise training program on balance ability in Thai elderly person. Forty two participants (36 females and 6 males) were randomly divided into two groups: training (n=21) and control group (n=21). In exercise group, simple balance training was performed at nursing home and controlled by the researcher. Participants were trained once per day, 5 days per week for 4 weeks. In control group, participants were asked to maintain their normal physical activities throughout the experimental period. The two groups of subjects were assessed their balance abilities using single leg balance time test (SLBT) and 3-m timed up and go test, (TUGT) at pre-and post-training program. Balance ability was compared between exercise and control group using Mann-Whitney U test. Within group comparison was used Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-rank test. The level of statistically significant difference for all analyses was set at p-value less than 0.05. The results found that after 4 weeks, the improvement of balance abilities was demonstrated by increment of SLBT and decrement of TUGT in exercise group (P < 0.05). Moreover subjects in exercise group achieved significantly higher of percent change in the balance ability than subject in control group (P < 0.05). The present study indicated that the designed balance training program used in this study has shown successful effects on improving balance ability for the elderly to prevent falls. Since its ease to use and simply to perform anywhere, anytime in every household, therefore this program should be recommend for the elderly people. (Journal of Sports Science and Technology 2015;15(1): 203-211 )
International Journal of Aging Health and Movement, 2019
Background of study: the incidence of falls only increases in the elderly, which makes fall a major public health problem. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of balance exercises on young old and old people presenting the risk of falling. Methodology: A total of 60 elderly subjects with an average age of 79.2 ± 8.18 years divided in two according to the age classification of the World Health Organization, with Group 1 aged 60-75 years (young old) and group 2 aged 75-90 years (old). The effects of 4 months of exercise were evaluated before and after the intervention program with the Timed get up and go test, the one leg test, the SF 32 short form, ruffier dickson index, and the six minutes' walk test. Results: After 4 months of intervention, we noticed the young old men significantly reduced their risk of falling (p <0.0001), improved their walking distance by six minutes' walk test (p <0.0001), balance (p <0.0001), physical function (p <0.0001), physical role (p <0.0001), emotional role (p <0.0001), mental health (p <0.0001), pain (p <0, 0001), while older men statistically significantly reduced their risk of falling (p <0.0001), improved walking distance by six minutes' walk test (p <0.0003), balance (p <0.022), adaptive ability to effort (p <0.0001), physical function (p <0.0001), physical role (p <0.0001), and pain (p <0.0001). This study also reveals that young old men significantly improved their functional capacity and quality of life more than the elderly (p <0.05). Conclusions: The balanced exercise program improves balance, cardiorespiratory endurance, quality of life and reduces the risk of falling young and old. These parameters have been much improved in young old men rather than old men.
Comparison of two balance training programs on balance in community dwelling older adults
Geriatric Care, 2016
Impaired balance has been associated with an increased risk for falls and a resulting increase in the mortality rate of elder people. Thus, balance-training interventions have an important place in fall prevention. This study was designed with the purpose of identifying the appropriate balance-training program for community dwelling elderly adults with an active lifestyle. A sample of 70 elderly adults were randomly allocated into two groups: group 1 (n=35) received general balance and mobility exercise; group 2 (n=35) received specific balance strategy training. The intervention consisted of 5 sessions/week for 4 weeks. The outcome measures were <em>Timed up and go test</em> (TUGT) and <em>Berg balance scale</em> (BBS). An inter-group (2-way mixed model analysis of co-variance) and intra-group (repeated measures) analysis was done to find the change in balance scores. After the intervention, the TUGT scores in group 1 were, mean=10.38 s, standard deviation (...