Change in Growth Status and Obesity Rates among Saudi Children and Adolescents Is Partially Attributed to Discrepancies in Definitions Used: A Review of Anthropometric Measurements (original) (raw)
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Annals of Saudi Medicine, 2009
B ody mass index (BMI), also known as the Quetelet or Kaup Index, is derived from the equation: Body weight in kilograms divided by length or height in squared meters. 1,2 It is a useful index for measurement of optimal physical growth in children. BMI norms are well established in the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Center for Disease Control (CDC) growth curves. 3,4 These norms have also been established in various countries showing an important ethnic and secular trend effect. 5 Several attempts have been made to establish BMI curves for Saudi children and adolescents but none were thorough and representative. 6-9 In this study, we present reference BMI curves for normal Saudi children and adolescents and compare it to the WHO and the CDC curves.
Validity of self-reported weight and height among Saudi school children and adolescents
Saudi medical journal
To explore the relationship between self-reported weight and height to actual weight and height in a cross-sectional representative sample of school students in Jeddah City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and its relation to selected socio-economic and socio-demographic factors. Also to evaluate the validity of self-reported weight and height measurements. Data was collected from a sample of Saudi school students in Jeddah City, KSA from 42 boys' schools and 42 girls' schools during the month of April 2000. Data collection was carried out by an in-person interview to collect sociodemographic and self-reported weight and height, as well as, actual measurement of weight and height. Body mass index was classified according to age and genders into underweight (<15th percentile), normal weight (>=15th percentile to <85th percentile), overweight (>=85th percentile to <95th percentile) and obesity (>=95th percentile). Validity of self-reported obesity, as compared to mea...
Growth charts for Saudi children and adolescents
Saudi medical journal, 2007
To establish reference growth charts for Saudi children and adolescents. Multi-stage probability sampling of a cross-section of Saudi children and adolescents residing in all 13 regions of the Kingdom. Family interviews, and physical examinations of children and adolescents from birth to 19 years of age were conducted over a 2-year period (2004-2005). Only healthy children and adolescents were included for the measurement of length/stature, weight, and head circumference. All measurements were performed by trained physicians and nurses according to World Health Organization guidelines. Percentile construction and smoothing were performed using the LMS (lambda, mu, sigma) methodology. Determination of the standard measures for normal physical growth in a sample representing healthy Saudi children and adolescents from birth to 19 years of age. The results of this study present the most comprehensive and up-to-date reference growth charts for Saudi children and adolescents. Therefore, ...
The prevalence of obesity and overweight in 1-18-year-old Saudi children
Annals of Saudi medicine
The aim of this study was to review the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Saudi children with ages ranging up to 18 years. The study was a cross-sectional national epidemiological household survey, and the study group included 12071 children (boys 6281; girls 6420), with ages ranging from 1-18 years. Their height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The study group was classified as obese or overweight, using age- and sex-specific cut-off points for BMI for determining overweight and obesity in children. The overall prevalence of overweight was 10.7% and 12.7% in the boys and girls, respectively, and obesity was 6.0% and 6.74% in the two groups, respectively. The children were grouped according to the province to which they belonged, and prevalence of obesity and overweight were calculated for each province. The highest frequency was in the Eastern Province, while the lowest was in the Southern Province. The children were further grouped into 1-6,...
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Saudi primary school students in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2014
Objectives: to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school students (6-12 years old) in Alabnaa primary schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. And identify factors that could be associated with childhood overweight and obesity. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted among primary schools students in Alabnaa Schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A sample of four primary schools-two primary school for boys and two for girls-had been selected by simple random technique. First class of each grade of a selected school was treated as stratum; the sample from each stratum was equally selected by systematic random technique from students list. Height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated for every student. Recently published WHO growth charts have been used. The sample size was 312, but only 292 students completed a short self-administered questionnaire. Results: In boys, the prevalence of overweight was 16%, while prevalence of obesity was 11%; the problem seemed to be worse in girls, where the prevalence of overweight and obesity were 20% and 17%, respectively. There was a significant association between childhood obesity and maternal obesity, the combined prevalence of students overweight and obesity was 58.1% in
BioMed research international, 2017
Hail region of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has the highest adult obesity rates in the entire kingdom and limited information is available about the prevalence and patterns of growth markers. Therefore, it is important to monitor the growth trends to implement effective public health preventive strategies for the region. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of growth profile patterns (stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight) and its associations with nutrient intake and dietary patterns among children and adolescents. A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 1420 children and adolescents (2-18 years), selected using a multistage stratified random-sampling technique representing both female and male schools from Hail region, KSA. Growth profile z-scores were generated using 2006 and 2007 WHO growth standards. The overall prevalence of 4.73% moderate and 1.54% severe underweight; 6.65% moderate and 2.59% severe stunting; 6.34% moderate and 2.55% severe wasting was present i...
Journal of Health Population and Nutrition, 2014
with co-morbidities (4-6). Metabolic complications associated with obesity during childhood increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and early cardiovascular disease (7). Furthermore, obesity in adolescence was shown to correlate significantly with increased risk of severe obesity in adulthood (8). Obesity may also affect psychological health as obese children are more likely to report low self-esteem compared to their non-obese peers (9). Nutrition transition with associated lifestylerelated non-communicable diseases, which was first observed in the developed countries, has rapidly reached many developing countries, including Saudi Arabia (10-12). In fact, during the past three decades, the kingdom of Saudi Arabia has under
Child and Adolescent Obesity in Saudi Arabia
Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Science, 2021
Obesity is a critical universal well-being challenge. Obesity is influencing various chronic conditions like high blood pressure, diabetic illnesses, strokes, cardiovascular ailments, and different kinds of cancer. Treatment of obesity becomes subject to high healthcare costs and lifestyle modifications. However, the most worrying aspect in Saudi Arabia is the intensifying obese-related cases among kids and teenagers. Progression of the condition becomes complex to manage. Again, the vital or severity of health consequences of childhood obesity underscores the disorder as a community health issue in the country. Kids’ and teenagers’ obesity cases have adverse effects on life quality and expectancy and lead to substantial healthcare expenses. Evaluation of various research underscores a relation between obesity, socio-economic status, and lifestyle changes. According to Al-Hussaini et al. (2019), economic success and subsequent lifestyle shifts incorporating sedentary lifestyles and ...