Modified Electrospun Membranes Using Different Nanomaterials for Membrane Distillation (original) (raw)
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Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Water Treatment
Advances in Membrane Technologies
Nanofibrous structures offer a lot of fascinating features due to large specific surface area. This makes them promising for a wide range of applications, most specifically water treatment. This new generation of highly porous membranes exhibits great prospect to be used in various separation applications due to their distinguished features such as remarkably high porosity (≥90%) and interconnected 3D pore structure. As compared with the conventional techniques, Electrospinning has been highlighted for developing unique porous membranes. Electrospun nanofibrous membranes have been more and more investigated to a lot of advanced water treatment purposes. This chapter reviews the updates on electrospun nanofibrous membranes with a particular prominence in recent accomplishments, bottlenecks, and future perspectives in water treatment. To start, the basic principles of electrospinning are discussed. Next, past and recent efforts for fabricating electrospun MF membranes for various applications are reviewed. The application of electrospun nanofibers as the scaffold for TFC (thin-film composite) membranes in the pressure-and osmotic-membrane processes is then introduced. The new application of electrospun nanofibrous membranes for the thermally-driven MD (membrane distillation) process for water treatment as well as strategies for performance enhancement is discussed. To finish, conclusions and perspectives are stated according to recent developments.
Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination
The need for beneficial innovations in filtration expertise has lead to little consideration of cutting-edge materials, such as nanofiber membranes for water distillation. The presence of organic matter and traces of organics accumulation in wastewater poses a major problem and current technologies such as coagulation/flocculation and chlorine technology are unable to yield satisfying results. The extra volume of sludge generated by these technologies needs further processing and disposal. Nanotechnology has outstanding potential for filtration applications due to its capability to create precise structural controlled materials for such requirements. Electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs) are cutting edge membrane technology that offer substantial high flux and high rejection rates compared to conventional membranes. ENMs present a revolution in water and sewage purification by offering a lightweight, cost-effective, and lower energy consumption process compared with conventional ...
Membranes, 2013
Water, among the most valuable natural resources available on earth, is under serious threat as a result of undesirable human activities: for example, marine dumping, atmospheric deposition, domestic, industrial and agricultural practices. Optimizing current methodologies and developing new and effective techniques to remove contaminants from water is the current focus of interest, in order to renew the available water resources. Materials like nanoparticles, polymers, and simple organic compounds, inorganic clay materials in the form of thin film, membrane or powder have been employed for water treatment. Among these materials, membrane technology plays a vital role in removal of contaminants due to its easy handling and high efficiency. Though many materials are under investigation, nanofibers driven membrane are more valuable and reliable. Synthetic methodologies applied over the modification of membrane and its applications in water treatment have been reviewed in this article.
2015
Water, among the most valuable natural resources available on earth, is under serious threat as a result of undesirable human activities: for example, marine dumping, atmospheric deposition, domestic, industrial and agricultural practices. Optimizing current methodologies and developing new and effective techniques to remove contaminants from water is the current focus of interest, in order to renew the available water resources. Materials like nanoparticles, polymers, and simple organic compounds, inorganic clay materials in the form of thin film, membrane or powder have been employed for water treatment. Among these materials, membrane technology plays a vital role in removal of contaminants due to its easy handling and high efficiency. Though many materials are under investigation, nanofibers driven membrane are more valuable and reliable. Synthetic methodologies applied over the modification of membrane and its applications in water treatment have been reviewed in this article.
Electrospun Membranes for Desalination and Water/Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review
Journal of Membrane Science and Research, 2017
Polymeric nanofbers, specifcally fabricated by electrospinning, offer viable means useful for a wide range of applications such as health, energy and environmental issues. However, among the mentioned sectors, desalination and water/wastewater treatment applications have been highlighted during the past decade. This article focuses on the present status and recent development of electrospun nanofbrous membranes and their potential impact in two major areas, i.e., desalination and water/wastewater treatment. Specifc applications for desalination and high-quality water/wastewater treatment, including pressure-driven and osmotic membrane processes (MF, UF, NF, FO, etc.), thermal-driven membrane processes, coalescing fltration and adsorptive application of nanofbers, are described. Also, benefts, limitations and challenges are discussed, comprehensively. Electrospun membranes can play a critical role in improving membrane-based desalination and water/wastewater treatment systems. These f...
Journal of Applied Membrane Science & Technology, 2017
Electro-spinning is known as a simple and versatile method to produce nonwoven membranes made out of nanofibers, A wide range of polymers and blends can be used to yield nanofibers. Commonly used membrane polymers such as cellulose acetate (CA), polysulfone (PSU) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) have been successfully electro-spun to form nonwoven nanofiber membranes for water filtration. Investigations have revealed that electro-spun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs) possess high-flux rates and low transmembrane pressure. These characteristics are due to its (1) high porosity, (2) interconnected open pore structure and (3) tailorable membrane thickness. Although electro-spun membranes have been extensively studied for decades and successfully commercialized as air filtration membrane, they have not been applied for water treatment. The nanofiber membranes were used recently at the Industrial Membrane Research Laboratory of the University of Ottawa with the collaboration of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative of the National University of Singapore for the following investigations. a. Removal of latex particles from water: PVDF nanofiber membranes were subjected to filtration of latex particles (0.1 to 10 ,um) at the feed pressure of 0.6 bar gauge [I, 2J. b. Seawater desalination by membrane distillation: PVDF nanofiber membranes were subjected to desalination of aqueous NaCI solutions by air gap membrane distillation [3, 4J. c. Thhalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) removal by carbonized polyacrylnitrile (PAN) nanofiber membranes [5,6].
Polymers
Membrane distillation (MD) is an emerging technology for water recovery from hypersaline wastewater. Membrane scaling and wetting are the drawbacks that prevent the widespread implementation of the MD process. In this study, coaxially electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-co-HFP) nanofibrous membranes were fabricated with re-entrant architecture and enhanced hydrophobicity/omniphobicity. The multiscale roughness was constructed by incorporating Al2O3 nanoparticles and 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H Perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane in the sheath solution. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) could confirm the formation of the core-sheath nanofibrous membranes, which exhibited a water contact angle of ~142.5° and enhanced surface roughness. The membrane displayed a stable vapor flux of 12 L.m−2.h−1 (LMH) for a 7.0 wt.% NaCl feed solution and no loss in permeate quality or quantity. Long-term water recovery from 10.5 wt.% NaCl feed solution was determined t...
A review on advanced nanofiber technology for membrane distillation
The importance of the nanofiber webs increases rapidly due to their highly porous structure, narrow pore size, and distribution; specific surface area and compatibility with inorganics. Electrospinning has been introduced as one of the most efficient technique for the fabrication of polymeric nanofibers due to its ability to fabricate nanostructures with unique properties such as a high surface area and porosity. The process and the operating parameters affect the nanofiber fabrication and the application of nanofibers in various fields, such as sensors, tissue engineering, wound dressing, protective clothes, filtration, desalination, and distillation. In this review, a comprehensive study is presented on the parameters of electrospinning system including applications. More emphasis is given to the application of nanofibers in membrane distillation (MD). The research developments and the current situation of the nanofiber webs in MD are also discussed.
A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment
Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 2022
Electrospinning, being a versatile and straightforward method to produce nanofiber membranes, has shown significant advancement in recent years. On account of the unique properties such as high surface area, high porosity, mechanical strength, and controllable surface morphologies, electrospun nanofiber membranes have been found to have a great potential in many disciplines. Pure electrospun fiber mats modified with different techniques of surface modification and additive incorporation have exhibited enhanced properties compared to traditional membranes and are even better than the as-prepared electrospun membranes. In this review, we have summarized recently developed electrospun nanohybrids fabricated by the incorporation of functional specific nanosized additives to be used in various water remediation membrane techniques. The adsorption, filtration, photocatalytic, and bactericidal capabilities of the hybrid membranes in removing common major water pollutants such as metal ions...