Blood rheological changes in rodents treated with metal salts (original) (raw)
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Lipids in Health and Disease, 2011
Background: Blood viscosity appears to be independent predictor of stroke, carotid intima-media thickening, atherosclerosis and most cardiovascular diseases. In an attempt to understand the toxicity and the potential threat of GNPs therapeutic and diagnostic use, an array of rheological parameters were performed to quantify the blood plasma response to different sizes and administration periods of GNPs over a wide range of shear rates. Methods: Healthy, thirty male Wistar-Kyoto rats, 8-12 weeks old (approximately 250 g body weight) were divided into control group (NG: n = 10), group 1 (G1A: intraperitoneal infusion of 10 nm GNPs for 3 days, n = 5 and G1B: intraperitoneal infusion of 10 nm GNPs for 7 days, n = 5), group 2 (G2A: intraperitoneal infusion of 50 nm GNPs for 3 days, n = 5 and G2B: intraperitoneal infusion of 50 nm GNPs for 7 days, n = 5). Dose of 100 μl of GNPs was administered to the animals via intraperitoneal injection. Blood samples of nearly 1 ml were obtained from each rat. Various rheological parameters such as torque, shear stress, shear rate, viscosity, plastic velocity, yield stress, consistency index (k) and flow index (n) were measured in the blood plasma of rats after the intraperitoneal administration of 10 and 50 nm GNP for 3 and 7 days using Brookfield LVDV-III Programmable rheometer.
Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology, 2017
Heavy metal pollution is increasing in the environment, contaminating water, food and air supplies. This can be linked to many anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals are absorbed through the skin, inhalation and/or orally. Irrespective of the manner of heavy metal entry in the body, the blood circulatory system is potentially the first to be affected following exposure and adverse effects on blood coagulation can lead to associated thrombotic disease. Although the plasma levels and the effects of cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) on erythrocytes and lymphocytes have been described, the environmental exposure to heavy metals are not limited to a single metal and often involves metal mixtures, with each metal having different rates of absorption, different cellular, tissue, and organ targets. Therefore the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the heavy metals Cd and Cr alone and whether Cr synergistically increases the effect of Cd on physiological important processes such ...
Blood distribution of nickel, cobalt, and chromium following intramuscular injection into hamsters
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 1984
In vivo experiments were undertaken to study the transport of metal ions away from the intramuscular (IM) injection site and to study the binding of the metals to blood cells. Hamsters were injected intramuscularly with metal salts or with corrosion products generated by fretting corrosion of 316 LVM stainless steel or MP‐35N plates and screws. The animals were bled at 0 time, and 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, and 96 h after injection. The concentration of nickel, cobalt, and chromium in the serum, attached to red cells, and attached to white cells was determined. This study showed that metals are rapidly transported from the intramuscular site with high levels in the blood by 2 h. The level of metal in the blood varied considerably with nickel being transported in high concentration to the blood, chromium with a valence of 6+ being transported to the blood, and cobalt and chromium with a valence of 3+ being transported less to the blood. The highest amount of cell binding was observed with chro...
Effects of Contrast Media on Blood Rheology: Comparison in Humans, Pigs, and Sheep
CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology, 1999
Purpose: To compare whole blood viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation in humans, pigs, and sheep, before and after adding water-soluble iodinated contrast medium (CM). Methods: Two CMs were studied: iopromide (nonionic) and ioxaglate (ionic). The blood-CM viscosity was measured with a Couette viscometer. Erythrocyte aggregation was measured with an erythroaggregometer. Results: The blood-CM viscosity was increased up to ϩ20% (relative to pure blood) with a CM concentration of 0%-10%. At CM concentrations from 10% to 50%, the viscosity decreased. The disaggregation shear stress was increased (relative to pure blood) at low CM concentration (0%-10%). When the CM concentration increased from 10% to 20%, the disaggregation shear stress was decreased, except with the pig blood-ioxaglate mixture. Conclusion: At low CM concentration the blood viscosity was increased in pig, sheep, and humans and the disaggregation shear stress was increased in pig and humans. The aggregation of sheep blood was too low to be detected by the erythroaggregometer. This rise can be explained by the formation of poorly deformable echinocytes. At higher CM concentration, the viscosity and the disaggregation shear stress decreased in relation to the blood dilution. We conclude that pig blood and sheep blood can both be used to study the effect of CM injection on blood viscosity. Nevertheless, the rheologic behavior of pig blood in terms of erythrocyte aggregation is closer to that of human blood than is sheep blood when mixed with CM. Pigs could thus be more suitable than sheep for in vivo studies of CM miscibility with blood during selective cannulation procedures.
Methods in blood rheology – from theoretical and experimental approach to clinical applications
2013
A great variety of instruments, methods and models to study hemorheological parameters under conditions close to physiological are currently used. An overview of the factors, determining hemorheological properties and models, describing the relationship between shear stresses, shear rate, viscosity and hematocrit is presented. Time dependent properties – blood thixotropy and viscoelasticity and the influence of the inner structure on the blood flow has been described. A method, based on dielectric properties of dispersed systems in Couette viscometric blood flow, previously described [3,4] and applied to investigate the kinetics of RBC aggregation has been presented. The experimental relationships show that the human blood conductivity is time, shear rate and hematocrit dependent under steady and transient flow conditions. The results show that valuable information could be received about the mechanical properties of blood, in particular about the kinetics of “rouleaux formation” an...
Alternation of red blood cells (RBC) morphology and viscoelasticity are some of the basic indicators for human health, disease diagnosis and treatment. It is known that blood viscosity is strongly influenced by temperature changes. Cobalt chloride (CoCl 2) is a water soluble agent shown to improve hematological parameters by increasing red blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin content in case of anemia or severe blood loss.W e examined blood samples of RBC suspensions, which were incubated in vitro at different temperatures for one hour (4 ºС, 22 ºС and 37ºС) and treated with different concentrations of CoCl 2-50 µM and 500 µM. The apparent RBC viscosity was measured at 37ºС of all samples and erythrocyte morphological characteristics were evaluated as well. The preliminary results showed that the rheological blood properties were changed as a consequence of incubation at different temperatures. Red blood cell morphological alterations were detected when different CoCl 2 concentrations were added.
Comparison of cobalt and chromium binding to blood elements
Toxicology, 1984
Macromolecular binding of metals is thought to be a prerequisite for induction of metal sensitivity. In this study, the binding of cobalt(II) to blood components was investigated. Incubation of 6°Co with blood yielded a mean erythrocyte binding of 10.3 × 107 Co atoms/cell. Incubation of the metal with serum resulted in binding of 8.3 × 10-9 tool Co/rag protein. A comparison was made with analogous binding of chromium(III), a metal recognized for its sensitizing potency. Binding of chromium to proteins and blood cells was 20-fold higher than that obtained with cobalt. With both metals, binding to serum proteins was non-specific. The greater binding by chromium, when compared with cobalt, is consistent with the greater sensitizing ability of this metal.
Effects of Coronary Artery Diseases on Haemorheological Parameters and Trace Elements
Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 1995
The effects of coronary artery diseases on haemorheological parameters (blood viscosity, erythrocyte deformability and haemoglobin level) and serum trace element (Cu,Zn) levels were investigated. Subjects were 16 male patients having coronary artery disease. Three blood samples were drawn pre-operation and at the 10 th and 30 th day after operation. To determine the effects of bypass surgery on haemorheological parameters and serum trace elements, we used a centrifugal method for erythrocyte deformability, Harkness relative viscometer for blood viscosity, spectrophotometry for haemoglobin level, and atomic absorption spectrophotometry for trace elements. Parameters of coronary artery patients were compared with normal values.