Economic Determinants of Success in Olympic Games (original) (raw)
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Economic evaluation of the Olympic Games
International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, 2019
The purpose of this paper and study i.e. to figure which key economic factors can help us explain country performance (medals) in the Olympics. The paper focuses on 3 key objectives, namely: To produce a list of possible key economic factors that can explain Olympic performance. To produce a simple Mathematical model based on these factors which could possibly predict the Olympic tally at a country level. To identify the degree to which these factors will influence Olympic performance the study has been carried out in a way to develop a conceptual model and to analyze the hypotheses. I have considered the Beijing Olympics 2008 Games, sampled with 83 countries and 946 medals for the study. Based on the findings of the study, a few recommendations have been made, which if implemented in developing countries like India, may contribute to improving the sport performance of these countries in the future.
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We analyzed whether, in democratic open societies, economic and demographic conditions allow sporting success at the aggregate level to be predicted. Theoretical considerations led to the hypothesis that the population size and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita should be important determinants of sporting success. Using regression analysis, we analyzed the influence of population size and GDP per capita on sporting success in Olympic Summer and Winter Games (1992 – 2010). Regarding the Olympic summer games, we found that the most powerful predictor is population size. In contrast, GDP per capita seems to play an important role as a predictor of sporting success with respect to the Olympic winter games.
Determinants of a nation’s sport performance at different mega sport events
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This paper presents the initial results of a signifi cant research conducted under the IOC PhD Student Research Grant Programme with the support of the Hungarian Olympic Committee. A macroand meso-level analysis were conducted within the framework of this research; this paper presents the macro model, with the aim of capturing important features of the economic, political and institutional environments which affect the productivity of a nation's sport performance and growth; with this the paper contributes to an understanding of the key elements of high-performance sport development. The macro model divides sport into two groups-individual and team sports-in order to determine if there are any differences at the macro level. The infl uence of the economic factors which were included in the models shows a decreasing effect on the market share of nations, which means that other factors must also play a signifi cant role in a nation's international sporting success. The responsibility of national sport governance will become even more important in elite sport success in the future, which shows that the effi cient utilisation of recourses will also become a key factor, along with an appropriate structure, organisation and integrated coordination.
Who Wins The Olympic Games: Economic Development and Medal Totals
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This paper examines determinants of Olympic success at the country level. Does the U.S. win its fair share of Olympic medals? Why does China win 6% of the medals even though it has 1/5 of the world's population? We consider the role of population and economic development in determining medal totals from 1960-1996. We also provide out of sample predictions for the 2000 Olympics in Sydney. * 100 Tuck Hall, Hanover, NH 03755,
International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, 2013
Starting from an econometric model successfully used to explain and then predict the distribution of medal wins across nations at the Beijing Summer Olympics, a similar model is elaborated on with some different explanatory variables for estimating the determinants of medals won per nation at Winter Games. A Tobit estimation of the model based on data from 1964 to 2010 shows that GDP per capita, population, the endowment in ski and winter sports resorts, and a host country dummy are significant determinants of medal wins at Winter Olympics. Then the estimated model is used for predicting the sporting outcomes at the 2014 Sochi Games with a focus on Russia and China. The Russian team is expected to perform better than in Vancouver 2010 and to be ranked fourth behind the USA, Germany and Canada while the Chinese team would be ranked ninth, a performance doomed to improve in the future given China's swift economic development.
Economic Incentives of the Olympic Games
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
We provide a game-theoretic analysis of countries' strategic allocations of resources to different sports and athletes performance at Olympic Games. Individuals are assumed to face opportunity costs of spending efforts to become elite athletes and countries are assumed to be medal number maximizers. We test the predictions of the model using Olympics data covering eleven Olympic Games .
IMPACT OF OLYMPICS ON HOST COUNTRY'S ECONOMY
2023
This research study has been developed by focusing on the economic impact of Olympic. To analyses the economic indicators of the five countries (the United States, Spain, Australia, China and Greece) that have hosted the Games between 1992 and 2008, this study utilizes a quantitative exploratory research technique and secondary data analysis. The primary indicators of success include gross domestic product, unemployment rate, tourist numbers, and foreign direct investment in the decade before, during, and after the Olympic and Paralympic Games. The studies suggest that an Olympic host country has short-and long-term economic advantages such as increased GDP, increased tourism, and increased foreign direct investment. However, studies showed that the impact on the jobless rate was small. This research elucidates the monetary benefits of hosting the Olympic Games to aid policymakers in making informed assessments on the feasibility of such mega-events. The consequences of hosting the Olympics on non-economic aspects, such as social and environmental circumstances, and how they differ between rich and developing countries might be the subject of further research.
This research project sets out to identify the economic factors that mega-sporting events like Olympic Games can have on host economies, which was conducted as a case study on London 2012 Olympic. The method of this research was qualitative and quantitative. In the first phase, a questionnaire was developed using interviews with 25 individuals from professors and experts in physical education, sport management, economics and achieve theoretical saturation, as well as the history of literature. Then Content validity of the questionnaire was approved by professors, and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha for economic factors 0.89. Secondly, according to a list of experts and professors in the field who have written and researched article, was sent questionnaire for them, which in ultimately were collected, necessary information than 120 people from the professoriate and Experts inside Country and outside Country. Thus the sampling was non-random targeted sampling methods and accessible. The descriptive statistics were used to calculate central tendency and dispersion, and inferential statistics were used to determine the KS test for normal data; Friedman test was done for ratings and ANOVA to compare the views of the software SPSS16 (P<0.05). Friedman test related to respondents Overall view showed that, Investment Promotion is the highest rating, and Increase of employment is the lowest rating. According to the results of the ANOVA are considered among the masters and experts, and professors and experts from abroad in economic factors, there is no significant difference at P <0.05.
Estimating the Determinants of Summer Olympic Game Performance
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Numerous prior studies have attempted to ascertain the determinants of Olympic medals awarded. Most studies have found that population and GDP were positively related to the number of Olympic medals awarded. The present study generally confirms these earlier results. In addition, lagged values of medals awarded were also significant, suggesting that prior performance is an excellent proxy of unobservable country-specific attributes that may contribute to overall Summer Olympic performance. Finally, using the models estimated in the present study, predictions were made for the 2012 Summer Olympics. These predictions were very similar to the actual values and thus serve as a test of the statistical robustness of the models estimated in this study.