Upper Minkowski dimension estimates for convex restrictions (original) (raw)
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Suppose that f belongs to a suitably defined complete metric space C α of Hölder α-functions defined on [0, 1]. We are interested in whether one can find large (in the sense of Hausdorff, or lower/upper Minkowski dimension) sets A ⊂ [0, 1] such that f | A is monotone, or convex/concave. Some of our results are about generic functions in C α like the following one: we prove that for a generic f ∈ C α 1 [0, 1], 0 < α < 2 for any A ⊂ [0, 1] such that f | A is convex, or concave we have dim H A ≤ dim M A ≤ max{0, α − 1}. On the other hand we also have some results about all functions belonging to a certain space. For example the previous result is complemented by the following one: for 1 < α ≤ 2 for any f ∈ C α [0, 1] there is always a set A ⊂ [0, 1] such that dim H A = α − 1 and f | A is convex, or concave on A.
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Let (£2, X, p.) be a measure space with two sets A, B el. such that 0 < p(A) < 1 < p(B) < oo , and let ?>:R+ -+ R+ be bijective and (¡> continuous at 0. We prove that if for all //-integrable step functions JCy:fi->R, </>~X (I <po\x+y\dp) <y~X (j <po\x\dp) +<p~* ( tpo\y\dpAj then tp(t) = <p{l)tp for some p > 1 . In the case of normalized measure we prove a generalization of Minkowski's inequality theorem. The suitable results for the reversed inequality are also presented.
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Let us define for a compact set A ⊂ R n the sequence A(k) = a 1 + • • • + a k k : a 1 ,. .. , a k ∈ A = 1 k A + • • • + A k times. By a theorem of Shapley, Folkman and Starr (1969), A(k) approaches the convex hull of A in Hausdorff distance as k goes to ∞. Bobkov, Madiman and Wang (2011) conjectured that Vol n (A(k)) is non-decreasing in k, where Vol n denotes the n-dimensional Lebesgue measure, or in other words, that when one has convergence in the Shapley-Folkman-Starr theorem in terms of a volume deficit, then this convergence is actually monotone. We prove that this conjecture holds true in dimension 1 but fails in dimension n ≥ 12. We also discuss some related inequalities for the volume of the Minkowski sum of compact sets, showing that this is fractionally superadditive but not supermodular in general, but is indeed supermodular when the sets are convex. Then we consider whether one can have monotonicity in the Shapley-Folkman-Starr theorem when measured using alternate measures of non-convexity, including the Hausdorff distance, effective standard deviation or inner radius, and a non-convexity index of Schneider. For these other measures, we present several positive results, including a strong monotonicity of Schneider's index in general dimension, and eventual monotonicity of the Hausdorff distance and effective standard deviation. Along the way, we clarify the interrelationships between these various notions of non-convexity, demonstrate applications of our results to combinatorial discrepancy theory, and suggest some questions worthy of further investigation.
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