Anthocyanins from Hibiscus syriacus L. Inhibit Melanogenesis by Activating the ERK Signaling Pathway (original) (raw)
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Anti-Melanogenesis Effects of Lotus Seedpod In Vitro and In Vivo
Nutrients
Melanogenesis has many important physiological functions. However, abnormal melanin production causes various pigmentation disorders. Melanin synthesis is stimulated by α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Lotus seedpod extract (LSE) has been reported as possessing antioxidative, anti-aging, and anticancer activities. The present study examined the effect of LSE on melanogenesis and the involved signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that non-cytotoxic doses of LSE and its main component epigallocatechin (EGC) reduced both tyrosinase activity and melanin production in the α-MSH-induced melanoma cells. Western blotting data revealed that LSE and EGC inhibited expressions of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1). Phosphorylation of p38 and protein kinase A (PKA) stimulated by α-MSH was efficiently blocked by LSE treatment. Furthermore, LSE suppressed the nuclear level of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) a...
Molecules
Twenty-seven flavonoids isolated from Dalbergia parviflora with vast structural diversity were screened for inhibitory activity against mushroom and murine tyrosinases using L-DOPA as the substrate. Among the flavonoids tested, only four-khrinone (5), cajanin (9), (3RS)-3-hydroxy-8-methoxy vestitol (21), and (6aR,11aR)-3,8-dihydroxy-9-methoxy pterocarpan (27)-reacted with mushroom tyrosinase, with IC 50 values of 54.0, 67.9, 67.8, and 16.7 µM, respectively, and only compound 27 showed inhibitory activity against murine tyrosinase. With cell-based assays, only compounds 9 and 27 effectively inhibited melanogenesis in B16-F10 melanoma cells (by 34% and 59%, respectively), at a concentration of 15 µM, without being significantly toxic to the cells. However, the crude extract of D. parviflora and some of the flavonoid constituents appeared to increase melanin production in B16-F10 cells, suggesting that there are flavonoids with both inhibitory and stimulatory melanogenesis in the crude extract. Studies on the correlation between the enzyme-based and cell-based assays showed that only the flavonoids with IC 50 values below 50 µM against mushroom tyrosinase could inhibit the mammalian tyrosinase, and thus, reduce melanogenesis in B16-F10. Flavonoids with the IC 50 values greater than 50 µM, on the other hand, could not inhibit the mammalian tyrosinase, and had either no effect or enhancement of melanogenesis. In conclusion, the tyrosinase enzyme from mushroom is not as selective as the one from mammalian source for the enzyme-based melanogenesis inhibitory screening, and the mammalian cell-based assay appears to be a more reliable model for screening than the enzyme-based one.
Effect of Mediterranean Medicinal Plant Extracts on Melanogenesis Regulation
沙漠研究 日本沙漠学会誌, 2009
We investigated the melanogenesis regulation effect of Mediterranean medicinal plant extracts. The melanin synthesis system is known as melanogenesis, and tyrosinase is its key enzyme. Murine melanoma B16 cells were treated with extracts of medicinal plants', namely, Capparis spinosa, Erica multiflora and Thymelaea hirsuta, and then cell viability and synthesized melanin content were measured. Furthermore, to determine the mechanism of melanogenesis regulation, we performed western blot analysis and DNA microarray. Results show that C. spinosa and E. multiflora extracts increased melanin content in B16 cells without cytotoxity. We also observed that the tyrosinase protein expression level was clearly increased in cells treated with the extracts. On the other hand, T. hirsuta extract significantly decreased the synthesized melanin content in B16 cells without cytotoxity. We also detected ERK1/2 phosphorylation and down-regulation of tyrosinase protein expression level. In addition, we identified that daphnanes-genkwadaphnin, gnidicin and gnidilatidin from T. hirsuta extract, have the anti-melanogenesis activity. In this research, we report that Mediterranean medicinal plant extracts have high activities in relation to the stimulation or inhibition of melanogenesis.
Board of Reviewing …, 2012
Goldfish (Carassius auratus) is an ornamental fish. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of diet supplemented with anthocyanin from roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on survival, growth, and chromatophores identification in skin of goldfish (C. auratus). Three experimental diets were prepared from commercial feed for tilapia added with 40, 80 or 160 mg of pigment from roselle/kg. Survival and biometric parameters such a growth, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were evaluated. Histological analyses from some tissues were made. Survival values and biometric parameters were higher in goldfish fed added with roselle in comparison to control diets (96 and 90%, respectively). Melanophores were identified in tissues of all organisms and it was related to anthocyanin concentration. These results showed that roselle flour could be used as alternative source of natural pigments that could provide color to goldfish.
Effect of Purified Mushroom Tyrosinase on Melanin Content and Melanogenic Protein Expression
Biotechnology Research International, 2016
In mammalian melanocytes, melanosome is a highly specialized organelle where melanin is synthesized. Melanin synthesis is controlled by tyrosinase, the vital enzyme in melanogenic pathway. The present investigation is based on an effect of purified mushroom tyrosinase of Agaricus bisporus on B16F10 melanocytes for the melanin production via blocking pigment cell machinery. Using B16F10 melanocytes showed that the stimulation of melanogenesis by purified tyrosinase is due to increased tyrosinase absorption. Cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content in B16F10 melanocytes were increased by purified tyrosinase in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed that cellular tyrosinase levels were enhanced after treatment with purified tyrosinase for 48 hours. Furthermore, tyrosinase induced phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB) in a dose-dependent manner. The purified tyrosinase-mediated increase of tyrosinase act...
Anthocyanins, Vibrant Color Pigments, and Their Role in Skin Cancer Prevention
Biomedicines
Until today, numerous studies evaluated the topic of anthocyanins and various types of cancer, regarding the anthocyanins’ preventative and inhibitory effects, underlying molecular mechanisms, and such. However, there is no targeted review available regarding the anticarcinogenic effects of dietary anthocyanins on skin cancers. If diagnosed at the early stages, the survival rate of skin cancer is quite high. Nevertheless, the metastatic form has a short prognosis. In fact, the incidence of melanoma skin cancer, the type with high mortality, has increased exponentially over the last 30 years, causing the majority of skin cancer deaths. Malignant melanoma is considered a highly destructive type of skin cancer due to its particular capacity to grow and spread faster than any other type of cancers. Plants, in general, have been used in disease treatment for a long time, and medicinal plants are commonly a part of anticancer drugs on the market. Accordingly, this work primarily aims to e...
Plants
Hirsutanone (Hir) and oregonin (Ore) are diarylheptanoids isolated from the bark of Alnus japonica. In this study, we investigated the anti-melanogenic activity of Hir and Ore in B16-F1 murine melanoma and normal human epidermal melanocytes (HEMn-DP) and elucidated the mechanisms of action. In B16-F1 cells, Hir and Ore suppressed melanin synthesis induced by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) without cytotoxicity. The inhibitory effect of Hir on melanin synthesis was much stronger than that of Ore. In addition, Hir reduced melanin content in HEMn-DP cells. As tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanin synthesis, the effect of Hir on tyrosinase activity was assessed. The results demonstrated that Hir partially decreased tyrosinase activity and intracellular tyrosinase activity. Moreover, Hir suppressed the protein expression of melanogenic enzymes, including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2, leading to reduced melanin biosynthesis. Hir also led to the suppre...
Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 2017
Anthocyanins are water soluble pigments which have been proved to exhibit health benefits. Several studies have investigated their effects on several types of cancer, but little attention has been given to melanoma. The phytochemical content of nine different berry samples was assessed by liquid chromatography followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI+-MS). Twenty-six anthocyanins were identified, after a previous C18 Sep-pak clean-up procedure. Chokeberry and red grape anthocyanins rich extracts (C-ARE and RG-ARE) were selected to be tested on normal and melanoma cell lines, due to their different chemical pattern. C-ARE composition consists of cyanidin aglycone glycosylated with different sugars; while RG-ARE contains glucosylated derivatives of five different aglycones. Both C-ARE and RG-ARE anthocyanins reduced proliferation, increased oxidative stress biomarkers and diminished mitochondrial membrane potential in melanoma cells, having no negative influence o...
The total anthocyanins content of Hibiscus species
2014
Hibiscus is an evergreen herbaceous plant which belongs from Malveceae family and it contains several hundred species through the world. The aim of our study was to investigate the total anthocyanins content of three species of Hibiscus (H. sabdariffa and Hibiscus syriacus, blue and yellow) in order to use it in the future in the field of dermatology and pharmacology. Between these three species of Hibiscus considered by this study, the one with the highest anthocyanins content was H. sabdariffa (361.37±5.32 mg cyaniding-3-glucoside/100 g). Knowing the bioactive compounds from plant extracts, these can be used in the desired direction with maximum efficiency.
Marine Drugs, 2020
Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) isolated from Ishige okamurae (IO) showed potential whitening effects against UV-B radiation. However, the components of IO as well as their molecular mechanism against α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) have not yet been investigated. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of Ishophloroglucin A (IPA), a phlorotannin isolated from brown algae IO, and its crude extract (IOE), in melanogenesis in vivo in an α-MSH-induced zebrafish model and in B16F10 melanoma cells in vitro. Molecular docking studies of the phlorotannins were carried out to determine their inhibitory effects and to elucidate their mode of interaction with tyrosinase, a glycoprotein related to melanogenesis. In addition, morphological changes and melanin content decreased in the α-MSH-induced zebrafish model after IPA and IOE treatment. Furthermore, Western blotting results revealed that IPA upregulated the extracellular related protein expression in α-MSH-s...