A Survey on Privacy Concerns in Blockchain Applications and Current Blockchain Solutions to Preserve Data Privacy (original) (raw)

Privacy Protection Issues in Blockchain Technology

IJCSIS Vol 17 No 2, 2019

Blockchain is an innovative application model that integrates consensus mechanisms, distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, digital encryption technology and many other computer technologies. It has the characteristics of being decentralized, safe, reliable, open and transparent. In blockchain, digital encryption technology occupies the core position. The security of user information and transaction data is the necessary condition for the popularization of blockchain, and the development of cryptography technology promotes and restricts the further development of blockchain. This article describes the whole infrastructure of the blockchain with its different layers such as data, network, consensus, contract and finally application. Taking the bitcoin running process as an example, this paper analyzes the problems that the blockchain still has in the aspect of privacy protection, and introduces the existing solutions to these problems, including the mixed coin mechanism, 0 knowledge certificate, Ring signature and other technologies, expounds the outstanding problems and makes a prospect.

Security and Privacy Issues of Blockchain Technology

Studies in Big Data, 2019

Block-chain is getting popular and it is one of the most common topics that can be considered. it has also changed the lifestyles of many people in certain fields, because of the impact on businesses and combines. Blockchain ensures more reliable and appropriate resources and it is very crucial to keep in mind that the security and privacy have some obstacles as any technology in this fields. The spectrum of blockchain applications is very extended into different areas in banking, health, automotive, the Internet of Things (IoT) etc. Many studies concentrate on using the block-chain data model in different implementations. In this paper we try to describe block-chain technology by discussing its model of a data protection and privacy perspective with different consensus algorithms, as well as issues and opportunities in blockchains.

Transparency and Protection of Personal Data in the Blockchain.

2021

Every day there are more threats in the violation of personal data, where privacy and security of information are the main challenge in this age of information and communication. Thus, Blockchain technology comes as a revolution due to its characteristics of immutability, trust, transparency, decentralization and distribution in the registers, turning it into a disruptive technology that breaks traditional paradigms about how we perceive the world. In its development and application, it raises many questions, mainly with the compatibility, with privacy and protection of personal data, which is why we will examine in a general way how this disruptive technology works, the intersection it has with the legal norms and the possible crossroads they must dialogue and resolve so that people are true owners of their identity and personal data.

Decentralizing Privacy: Using Blockchain to Protect Personal Data

IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops, 2015

The recent increase in reported incidents of surveil- lance and security breaches compromising users’ privacy call into question the current model, in which third-parties collect and control massive amounts of personal data. Bitcoin has demonstrated in the financial space that trusted, auditable computing is possible using a decentralized network of peers accompanied by a public ledger. In this paper, we describe a decentralized personal data management system that ensures users own and control their data. We implement a protocol that turns a blockchain into an automated access-control manager that does not require trust in a third party. Unlike Bitcoin, transactions in our system are not strictly financial – they are used to carry instructions, such as storing, querying and sharing data. Finally, we discuss possible future extensions to blockchains that could harness them into a well-rounded solution for trusted computing problems in society.

Blockchain Technology : A Tool to Secure Data

International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 2021

Data security is the key to the development of modern Internet technology. The distributed, decentralized, and secured hashed mechanism of the blockchain gives a complete new point of view for the evolution of data security technology. Block chain technology is one of the major technological innovations of this century. In the last couple of years, the interest around blockchain technologies is increasing. Many implementation of blockchain technology are widely available today. Blockchain,the foundation of Bitcoin, has gain much attention in this era. Blockchain is an encrypted, immutable, distributed ledger, which allows transactions take place in a decentralized manner. Blockchain based applications expected to alter numerous fields including financial services, health care, entertainment media, Internet of Things (IoT), and many more. The Blockchain technology plays important role in the process of data security. In this paper, we will discuss about the research being done on this new domain of Computer Science. It is not only the most popular topic to discuss about, but is the most technological innovation, that is all set to reform the entire world.

Privacy-Preserving Blockchain-Based Solutions in the Internet of Things

Science and Technologies for Smart Cities (SmartCity360° 2020), 2021

Internet of Things (IoT) is a promising, relatively new technology that develops ``smart'' networks with a variety of uses and applications (e.g., smart cities, smart home and autonomous cars). The diversity of protocols, technologies and devices that IoT consists of, even though they add in value and utility, they create major privacy issues that can be exploited by malicious entities to benefit from or even violate privacy of IoT users. The special features of blockchain technology, such as immutability, transparency, accessibility, autonomy and decentralisation, has led the academics and the industry to search for further uses of it, besides financial applications (e.g., Bitcoin) that was initially applied. This paper is a survey on the existing literature regarding blockchain-based privacy-preserving solutions that have been proposed specifically for the IoT to address personal data protection and preserve user privacy.

Privacy-aware blockchain for personal data sharing and tracking

Open Comput. Sci., 2019

Secure data distribution is critical for data accountability. Surveillance caused privacy breaching incidents have already questioned existing personal data collection techniques. Organizations assemble a huge amount of personally identifiable information (PII) for data-driven market analysis and prediction. However, the limitation of data tracking tools restricts the detection of exact data breaching points. Blockchain technology , an 'immutable' distributed ledger, can be leveraged to establish a transparent data auditing platform. However , Art. 42 and Art. 25 of general data protection regulation (GDPR) demands 'right to forget' and 'right to erase' of personal information, which goes against the im-mutability of blockchain technology. This paper proposes a GDPR complied decentralized and trusted PII sharing and tracking scheme. Proposed blockchain based personally identifiable information management system (BcPI-IMS) demonstrates data movement among GDPR entities (user, controller and processor). Considering GDPR limitations , BcPIIMS used off-the-chain data storing architecture. A prototype was created to validate the proposed architecture using multichain. The use of off-the-chain storage reduces individual block size. Additionally, private blockchain also limits personal data leaking by collecting fast approval from restricted peers. This study presents personal data sharing, deleting, modifying and tracking features to verify the privacy of proposed blockchain based personally identifiable information management system.

An Analysis of Blockchain Technology A Security and Privacy Perspective

An Analysis of Blockchain Technology A Security and Privacy Perspective, 2022

A distributed ledger technology that took over the world in recent days is Blockchain technology. It is simply a list that grows continuously holding the records of the transactions and data records securely in the form of blocks. It is also referred to as technology similar to linked lists where blocks are interlinked to each other [20]. A header block and the body block are the two main components of each block in the blockchain [41]. Usually, the header block holds the information about the management information of the block and the chain. The nodes of the blockchain communicate directly with each other through a peer-to-peer network. Every node consists of its digital signature [30] to validate the transactions. Blockchain technology brings the features like transparency, decentralisation, anonymity, and audibility. These features have gained the interest of both researchers and industries. Nowadays blockchains are extensively used in the fields of finance, medicine, agriculture, transportation, and Internet of Things [25] [38]. But we need to consider the security and privacy-related challenges in order to effectively use this new technology. Today most of the researches are going on the security and the privacy issues of the blockchain. The researches mainly focus on two concepts, analyzing the attacks which have been suffered by the blockchain recently and proposing some of the countermeasures against the type of attack. However, there are very little researches that provide an in-depth analysis of these issues The focus of this chapter is on examining current trends in blockchain security and privacy problems. The chapter is laid out in a fairly orderly fashion. The first portion of the chapter covers the fundamentals of blockchain technology, including the various types of blockchains, blockchain architecture, and consensus methods. The most recent and likely cyberattacks and issues on blockchains are described in the next section. The solutions section lists some of the legitimate current countermeasures to the attacks presented. Finally, the article highlights the unresolved concerns that will need to be handled effectively in the future.

Challenges in making blockchain privacy compliant for the digital world: some measures

Sādhanā

Due to the pandemic, most of the personal transactions relating to finance, commerce and healthcare services have gone online making privacy preservation a critical requirement. Consequently, privacy has been made a critical parameter in Data Protection Regulations leading to the search for such a privacy compliant system which is also resilient to attacks. A detailed analysis of the Blockchain technology, which is becoming popular for secure applications in the finance sector, indicates that there are several challenges relating to user identity, transaction linkability, crypto-keys management, data privacy, usability, interoperability, and post-quantum compliance of privacy regulations which need to be resolved before its widespread adoption. Being a decentralised system, there is a need to analyse the vulnerability to attacks of each layer in the Blockchain architecture. This paper discusses the development flow of some of the privacy enhancement mechanisms like ZKPs, SMPC, Ring signatures, Mixing, Homomorphic Encryption and quantum resilient computing, bringing out their features and lacunae. There is a detailed discussion of the privacy mechanisms adopted by blockchain platforms like ZCash, Zerocoin, Hyperledger, Wanchain, Coin Party, Monero, Cryptomate, MixCoin, Coinshuffle, PICNIC and New Hope. Every platform has some limitation or the other and it is essential that researchers come out with mitigation steps for the existing mechanisms and come up with improved new Privacy Enhancement Techniques. One such architecture using PET has been proposed.

BLOCKCHAIN-BASED E-IOT DATA SECURITY AND PRIVACY-PRESERVING SYSTEM

Journal of East China University of Science and Technology, 2022

New business models may be developed, and trust problems may be addressed and resolved in a methodical fashion, all thanks to blockchain technology. It's a hub for a wide variety of experimental business practices and academic studies. Many blockchain-based software root solutions with broad applicability have been presented by industry and academia. The study depicts a system architecture in which blockchain technology is integrated into an access control system. The most important data analysis-related details from the IoT data access control will be discussed here. In this case, the client-defined research dataset constitutes a departure from the standard procedure. Our solutions use two chains-a private one, also called a sidechain, which holds a client's unique identifier information securely. The one that everybody can access is also known as the mainchain, and it stores data with a temporary identifier that only clients can use. We have created a prototype to evaluate the Ethereum framework's potential. The current experimental result demonstrates the superior performance of a system in regards to the specified metrics: [1] to identify the access control of data necessary by observing the turnaround time. It demonstrates that the proposed method provides superior performance and security as compared to the status quo for gaining unauthorized access to the data stored on the electronic IoT platform.