Characteristics of Advanced Stages of Retinopathy of Prematurity (original) (raw)
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Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 2010
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a well-established disease of premature babies and has emerged as an important cause of childhood blindness. [1,2] After the cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity (CRYO-ROP) study [3] established the benefit of treatment of ROP when it reaches the stage of threshold disease, screening of premature babies for ROP has become an important measure in preventing blindness due to ROP. The reported incidence of acute ROP varies from 9 to 65.8% and that of threshold ROP varies from 0.79 to 27%. [4-9] The risk factors for the development of ROP and threshold ROP include low birth weight, [6,7,10-12] low gestational age (GA) at birth, [5,6,10-12] oxygen administration or duration of ventilation, [5,6,10,11] sepsis, [6,7,10] number of days of stay in the hospital, [10] intraventricular hemorrhage, [7,13] surfactant therapy [6] and Candidemia. [14] There are only a few studies from the Arabian Gulf region regarding the incidence of ROP and the risk factors for the development of ROP. [12,15-17] The objective of this study was to report the incidence of any ROP, incidence of severe ROP needing treatment and the risk factors for them in a large nursery in Kuwait. Materials and Methods In a retrospective, interventional, non-comparative, single-center case series study, we reviewed the medical records and ROP charts of premature babies who were born between January 1, 2001 and August 31, 2003 at the neonatal intensive care unit, Al Sabah maternity hospital, Kuwait city, Kuwait. Approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee for the study. Efforts were made to remain true to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki Principles. Babies either with a birth weight of less than 1501 g or born at a gestational age of 34 weeks or less were screened for ROP by ophthalmologists if they survived up to 28 days. The first examination was conducted at four weeks of chronological age. Follow-up examination was done every two weeks in the absence of active ROP and weekly or earlier if active ROP was detected. In this study we treated babies when the ROP reached Stage 3 in Zone I or II with 3 clock h of contiguous or 5 clock h of cumulative extraretinal proliferation in the presence of plus disease. We termed this stage as modified threshold disease (MTD) in our study. Babies who did not develop ROP or those who developed acute ROP but did not reach MTD were followed up till the retina became fully vascularized or achieved 50 weeks of gestational age. Dilatation of the pupils was achieved with cyclopentolate 0.5% eye drops instilled three times at 15 min-intervals prior to the screening examination. The findings of indirect ophthalmoscopy were recorded in a ROP datasheet at each visit. Acute ROP was classified according to the international classification of retinopathy of prematurity (ICROP) study
Frequency of retinopathy of prematurity at a tertiary referral center
Medical hypothesis discovery and innovation in ophthalmology, 2022
Background: With advances in medical facilities and increased survival of premature infants, the prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has increased. This study aimed to determine the frequency of ROP and its associated risk factors. Methods: This descriptive-analytical, retrospective study included all premature infants with a birth weight (BW) ? 2,500 g and/or gestational age (GA) ? 35 weeks who were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, for ROP screening over a 7-year period from April 2013 to April 2020. Demographic criteria, associated risk factors, and findings of eye examinations were collected and analyzed. Results: Of the 812 at-risk infants screened, 807 met the inclusion criteria. ROP was observed in 316 (39.0%) of the 807 premature infants, with types I and II in 142 (45.0%) and 174 (55.0%) infants, respectively. The mean GA (29.6 ± 2.5 weeks versus 30.7 ± 2.5 weeks) and BW (1,203.6 ± 382.8 g versus 1,333.5 ± 386.5 g) were significantly lower in inf...
Incidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in North of Iran
Journal of ophthalmic and vision research, 2015
Purpose: To report the incidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among preterm infants referred to Amiralmomenin Eye Hospital, Rasht, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study included all preterm infants with birth weight ≤2500 g and/or gestational age ≤36 weeks who had been referred to our facility for ROP screening over a five year period from September 2005 to September 2010. Possible risk factors and findings related to eye examinations were extracted and analyzed. Results: Among 310 infants, ROP was diagnosed in 64 (20.6%) of referred preterm infants (95% CI: 17.7%-23.5%); these included stage I in 48%, stage 2 in 29%, and stage 3 or higher disease in 23% of subjects. Mean gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) in the ROP-affected infants was 30.18 ± 2.28 weeks and 1,422.8 ± 420.8 g, respectively. Low BW, low GA, oxygen therapy, phototherapy, blood transfusion and apnea were risk factors for ROP. After logistic regression analysis, only low GA and low BW were independently associated with the condition. Conclusion: ROP is a relatively common finding in preterm infants of Guilan Province in the North of Iran. Low BW and low GA were significant risk factors for the disease.
Retinopathy of prematurity in Ardabil, North West of Iran: Prevalence and risk factors
European Journal of Translational Myology
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which affects the retina of premature infants, is a leading cause of blindness in premature infants worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity infants referred to Alavi hospital between October 2018 and October 2019. In the present study, 400 infants with gestational age less than 34 weeks and or birth weight of 2000 g or less were enrolled in the study. Required information including sex, gestational age, maternal age, birth weight, type of delivery, oxygen therapy, septicemia, multiple gestations, consanguineous marriage, respiratory problem, and blood exchange were extracted from their hospital records and then included in the data collection form. These infants were also examined for ROP, stage and area of involvement by an experienced ophthalmologist and then classified into two groups including retinopathy and healthy group. Finally, the data were analyzed in SPSS 25 software u...
Retinopathy of Prematurity: Screening Guidelines Need to be Reevaluated for Developing Countries
European Journal of Ophthalmology, 2010
Purpose. Timely screening of premature babies is an important initial step in the management of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) as earlier treatment results in improved visual prognosis. Screening criteria for ROP currently recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics may not be applicable in developing countries. The aim of the present study is to find out the incidence of ROP in infants with a gestational age (GA) of ≥32 weeks in Eskisehir, Turkey, to provide information to assist in determining screening criteria. Methods. A total of 96 infants with a GA of 32–35 weeks who were referred for ROP between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2008, were studied. ROP screening, follow-up, and appropriate therapies were applied. Results. During ROP screening, there were 42 of 96 (43.8%) infants with no ROP. A total of 54/96 (56.2%) infants were noted to have ROP. Among all infants, 7 (7.3%) had threshold ROP. Two infants with threshold disease were born at the 32nd, 2 at the 33rd, a...
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research Journal, 2022
Objectives: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disease that affects premature infants.The purpose of the study is to identify various maternal and fetal risk factors for ROP and to categorize the premature babies according to severity of disease and associated risk factors. Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted on 100 infants from May 2021 to August 2021. Examination was done by a single ophthalmologist specialized to screen the babies. It was done 4 weeks after the birth and Detailed history included the birthweight, gestational age, the postnatal problems, obstetric history were obtained. Pupillary dilatation was done with a mixture of 2.5% phenylephrine and 1% tropicamide.0.5% proparacaine is used for topical anesthesia. An infantile lid speculum was used to separate the lids. Fundus was examined with binocular indirect ophthalmoscope and +20D condensing lens. Results: Prematurity and low birth weight are the most common and important risk factors. Most of the babies had symmetrical disease (88%) and zone 3 is most commonly involved (67%).Apart from prematurity and low birthweight, respiratory distress syndrome with oxygen supplementation was common association (56%).Various maternal risk factors were found to be common associations like pre eclampsia (33%) and gestational diabetes (22%). Conclusion: ROP is associated with several maternal and fetal risk factors. Early detection by screening of the premature babies can prevent blinding complication. Inadvertent and generous oxygen administration must be stopped due to its high association with ROP. All the premature babies must be screened 4 weeks after gestation for the earliest detection of the disease with an ophthalmologist specialized in that field with regular followups and prompt intervention as soon as the disease is identified.
مجله بینا, 2010
To determine the incidence, severity and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature infants with late retinal examination at Farabi Hospital from 2001 to 2006. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, hospital records of premature infants who were examined later than 9 weeks after birth were reviewed for possible risk factors of ROP including gender, singleton or multiple gestations, gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), oxygen therapy, blood transfusion, phototherapy, and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), as well as the age at initial examination.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus, 2012
Purpose: To study the incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature infants examined in a tertiary hospital in Istanbul. Methods: Data of infants screened for ROP from April 2007 to September 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Possible risk factors and eye examinations were recorded and analyzed using the chi-square test and univariate and multivariate regressions. Results: ROP was detected in 177 (34.3%) of the 517 infants enrolled in the study; 64 had mild ROP (77.4%) and 38 had severe ROP (22.6%). The mean gestational age and birth weight of patients who were treated for ROP were 28.6 ± 2.3 and 1,143.5 ± 337.4, respectively. Two of these infants had a gestational age of 32 g or greater and three had a birth weight of 1,500 g or greater. The multivariate regression analyses showed gestational age, birth weight, sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, and length of oxygen therapy as independent predictors of ROP. Conclusion: The incidence of ROP observed in this study was higher than that in developed countries and relatively more mature infants were affected. Criteria including gestational age of less than 34 weeks or birth weight of less than 2,000 g would have identified all infants who were at risk.
Risk Factors Evaluation of Threshold Retinopathy of Prematurity
Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate risk factors associated with threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature infants referred to Farabi Eye Hospital during 2008-2009. Since blindness and sever visual impairments will occur in a high percentage of infants stricken with threshold retinopathy, we intended to examine relationship between demographic factors and threshold retinopathy in Farabi Eye Hospital, which, as a tertiary center, represents an appropriate sample of Iran’s population. Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, infants less than 37 weeks and/or birth weight less than 2,500 grams referred to Farabi Eye Hospital were included. The eyes were examined and a questionnaire was filled out for each infant. Based on the recording data, the relation between risk factors and threshold ROP was assessed. Results: Out of 1,718 eyes participated in this study, 791 eyes had retinopathy. The incidence of threshold retinopathy in this study was 7.4 percent. We co...