Impact of chemical activation on the adsorption performance of common reed towards Cu(II) and Cd(II) (original) (raw)
Related papers
Removal of copper from industrial wastewater by raw charcoal obtained from reeds
Journal of Chemical Technology AND Biotechnology, 1995
In the present paper, we study the adsorption of Cuz+ from industrial wastewater and aqueous solutions at 293 K, by a by-product of activated carbon (raw charcoal) obtained from reeds. A method for preparation of raw charcoal was established and the main adsorption characteristics of metal ions were examined, as well as the static and dynamic conditions of the adsorption process. The adsorbent properties of the charcoal used were also studied. The presence of other metal ions in the solution decreases the adsorption capacity for copper, and the chemical nature of the charcoal surface and metal ions have a great significance for the adsorption process. The surface area of charcoal was about 400 m2 g-' at a carbonization temperature of 973 K.
Control Parameters Influencing the Adsorption of Heavy Metals by Protonated Reed Biomass
Japanese Journal of Water Treatment Biology, 2007
Biomass of reed (Phragmites australis) consists of leaves and stems, a yearly biomaterial harvested from constructed wetland, has shown its potential to be used as a biosorbent for Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorption performances of these heavy metals on reed biomass were evaluated as a function of concentration of NaOH reagents used for pretreatment, biosorbent size, biosorbent dosage, initial heavy metal concentration and its adsorption kinetics. The adsorption capacity of heavy metal by reed biomass gradually improved when the concentration of NaOH used for biomass pretreatment increased up to. M. Reed biomass also showed good adsorption performance when their particle size was less than mm. The heavy metal adsorption process is rapid, with % of all metal uptake completed within the fi rst h and nearly % after h. At heavy metal concentration below ppm, the adsorption performance of reed biosorbent was almost equal or even higher than that of commercial activated carbon.
Sourcing cheap adsorbents for the treatment of waste water is imperative for local environments. The adsorption of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from aqueous solution onto bamboo activated carbon prepared by chemical activation with ZnCl2 was investigated. The unwashed chemical activated bamboo carbon (UCABC) achieved up to 87.81% and 96.45% removal of Cd and Pb at pH-5 and 11, respectively. Removal equilibrium was attained within 1hr and 2.5hrs for Cd and Pb, respectively. The Cd and Pb adsorption increased with adsorbent dosage decrease while removal rate (%) increased with Cd and Pb concentration. Adsorption isotherm of Cd and Pb onto UCABC was determined and correlated with four isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Hills). The equilibrium data fitted into Freundlich Cd (R2 = 0.9873, SSE = 0.045), Pb (R2 =0.9903, SSE = 0.051); Temkin Cd (R2 =0.9730, SSE = 0.052), Pb (R2 = 0.9079, SSE = 0.056); Hills Cd (R2 = 0.9961, SSE = 0.048), Pb (R2.= 0.9183, SSE = 0.053) and Langmuir Cd (R2 = 0.9653, SSE = 0.302), Pb (R2 = 0.9899, SSE = 0.136) isotherms. The Freundlich fitting showed isotherm adsorption capacity constants Kf = 7.843 and 5.098 (mg/g) for Cd and Pb, respectively. Furthermore, their adsorption kinetics correlated with the Pseudo-first order, Pseudo-second order and Intra-particle diffusion models and could be best described by the Pseudo-second order equation, suggesting chemisorptions as the limiting process. This study demonstrated that the UCABC can remove Cd2+ and Pb+ ions from aqueous solution to avert expensive commercial adsorbents.
Batch adsorption of different heavy metal ions (Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Lead, Cadmium and Chromium) in aqueous solution using activated carbon from Nigerian bamboo was studied. The bamboo was cut, washed and dried. It was carbonized between 300 0 C-450 0 C, and activated at 800 0 C using nitric acid. The bulk density, iodine number, Benzene adsorption, methylene adsorption, and ash content of the activated carbon produced compared well with commercial carbons. Multiple adsorption of these metals in same aqueous solution using bamboo carbon showed that adsorption capacity is in the order Pb>Cd>Cu>Zn>Ni>Cr which showed that these metal ions can be adsorbed selectively by Nigerian bamboo activated carbon. The order of adsorption is related to the maximum adsorption of lead, cadmium, copper on bamboo was found to be in the order of ionic radius of the heavy metals used. Therefore this study demonstrates that bamboo can serve as a good source of activated carbon with multiple metal ions – removing potentials and may serve as a better replacement for commercial activated carbons in applications that warrant their use. However, it will also contribute to the search for less expensive adsorbents and their utilization possibilities for the elimination of heavy metal ions from industrial waste water.
Treatment of Wastewater Contaminated with Cu(II) by Adsorption onto Acacia Activated Carbon
مجلة علوم البحار والتقنيات البيئية
In this study, the adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions onto Activated Carbon prepared from Acacia leaves. (AAC) was investigated. The experiments were performed in a batch system at different parameters (contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration of adsorbate, agitation rate, temperature, particle diameter, and solution pH) were varied in order to establish the optimum conditions for copper removal using AAC, and the copper ions adsorption capacity was evaluated after equilibrium was attained. The results indicate that the removal was effective at low Cu(II) concentrations and a natural pH value, and the optimum conditions for Cu(II) removal operation from the synthetic solution investigated were 120 minutes, 300 rpm, and 0.375 mm as a contact time, agitation rate, and particle diameter respectively, and pH value equals to 6 at the temperature 30 1 oC. Also, the adsorbent dose of 0.5 g/100 ml was sufficient for the high removal of Cu(II) from the solution for...
Adsorption of Cu (II) and Cd (II) onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Pumpkin Seed Shell
Volume 5,Issue 1, 2019
Present study discusses the removal of heavy metal contaminants from an aqueous solution using orthophosphoric acid activated pumpkin seed shells derived activated carbon (PSS-AC). The activation was done by heating the mixture in an electrical furnace at 800 °C for 3 h. Adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of pH, contact time, initial Cu (II) and Cd (II) ion concentrations, adsorbent dosage and temperature of the solution for the metal ion removal. The equilibrium and kinetic studies data were fitted better for the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second order model respectively. Thermodynamic parameter obtained for Cu (II) and Cd (II) ions adsorption suggests the reaction to be non-spontaneous, feasible; and endothermic between temperatures of 25 °C and 45 °C.
Processes, 2019
The adsorption potential of acid activated carbon prepared from leaves of Juniperus procera to remove Pb(II) and Cr(VI) toxic ions from aqueous solutions was investigated. The effects of solution pH, adsorbent mass, contact time, initial ion concentration and temperature on the biosorption process were studied, and the optimum conditions were determined. Moreover, Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich adsorption isotherm models were applied to analyze adsorption data. Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption processes were calculated. Adsorption was found to be a spontaneous and endothermic process. In addition, kinetic studies revealed a pseudo-first order kinetics biosorption process. The obtained results suggest that acid activated Juniperus procera leaves powder can be used as a cheap, efficient and environmentally friendly adsorbent material with high removal efficiency up to 98% for Pb(II) and 96% for Cr(VI) at 0.80 and 1.00 g/100 mL, respectively. The durat...
BioResources, 2015
Conocarpus pruning waste, an agricultural byproduct, was converted into low-cost activated and non-activated carbons and used for the remediation of Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Pb 2+ from aqueous solutions. The carbonization was carried out at 400 °C, while the activation was carried out in the presence of KOH and ZnCl2. Batch single-solute and multi-solute equilibrium and kinetic experiments were carried out to determine the adsorption capacities of the prepared activated and non-activated carbons, and these were further compared with commercially available activated carbon. The results showed that KOH-activated carbon (CK) outperformed the other activated and non-activated carbons in terms of adsorption efficiency. CK removed >50% of the applied Cd 2+ and Cu 2+ and 100% of Pb 2+ at the initial concentration of 40 mg L-1. Interestingly, the performance of Conocarpusderived non-activated carbon was better than that of the commercial activated carbon, as observed from the Langmuir maximum adsorption capacities of 65.61, 66.12, and 223.05 µmol g-1 for Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Pb 2+ , respectively. The Pb 2+ was the metal most easily removed from aqueous solution because of its large ionic radius. The kinetic dynamics were well described by the pseudo-second order and Elovich models.
MATEC Web of Conferences
Modified activated carbon from bamboo was used as a low-cost potential adsorbent to remove cadmium, copper and lead in single, bimetal and trimetal aqueous solutions. Using the initial concentration of 40 ppm, the analysis was conducted to determine the effect of pH (2.5, 3.0, and 5.5), contact time (60, 90, 120 min) and adsorbent dosage (20, 40, 60 mg/50 mL of solution). Results showed that for single metal aqueous solution, the % adsorption for Cu, Cd, and Pb were 89.0%, 87.4%, and 99.5% respectively. For bimetal aqueous solution the % adsorption of CuCd, CuPb, CdCu, CdPb, PbCu,and PbCd were 90.6%, 98.9%, 55.1%, 80.7%, 99.6%, and 96.05%, respectively. While for trimetal aqueous solutions, % adsorption of Cu, Cd, and Pb were 87.4%, 73.0%, and 98.4%, respectively. The % removal uptake followed the order Pb > Cu> Cd gave insights into competition effects among the three solutes during the adsorption process. Using Box–Behnken Design, the effect pH of the aqueous solution is an ...
International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, 2015
The use of effective adsorbents has been investigating as a replacement of current costly methods for heavy metals removal. The present work evaluates the potential of rock melon shell waste as alternative adsorbent for cadmium, nickel and copper ions in aqueous solution. The rock melon shells were dried, ground and separated based on the sizes through sieve shaker. Then, the rock melon shell powder was activated at temperature range of 400 ˚C -650 ˚C. FESEM and BET were used for adsorbent morphology and surface area analysis. The prepared adsorbent and adsorbate were applied for testing and manipulating the process parameter effects. The results were analyzed by using the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The optimal process conditions were used for adsorption equilibrium and kinetics justification. The removal of the heavy metals improved as the pH, contact time and adsorbent dosage increased. However, it tended to achieve equilibrium state once the active sites of the adsorbent were fully occupied. The highest removal of Cd(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions equilibrated within 120 min, at pH of 8 and adsorbent dosage was 0.3 g which was exceed 99%. The second order kinetics model best fits the obtained data while the mecahanism indicates surface adsorption and intraparticle diffusion. The adsorption equilibrium accompanies the Freundlich isotherm for cadmium and nickel, but the Langmuir for copper ion.