Employment Supports for Adults With Disabilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Campbell Systematic Review (original) (raw)
Related papers
2017
Interventions to improve the labour market for adults living with physical and/or sensory disabilities in low-and middle-income countries A systematic review September 2017 About 3ie The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) is an international grant-making NGO promoting evidence-informed development policies and programmes. We are the global leader in funding, producing and synthesising high-quality evidence of what works, for whom, how, why and at what cost. We believe that using better and policy-relevant evidence helps to make development more effective and improve people's lives. 3ie systematic reviews 3ie systematic reviews appraise and synthesise the available high-quality evidence on the effectiveness of social and economic development interventions in low-and middleincome countries. These reviews follow scientifically recognised review methods, and are peer-reviewed and quality assured according to internationally accepted standards. 3ie is providing leadership in demonstrating rigorous and innovative review methodologies, such as using theory-based approaches suited to inform policy and programming in the dynamic contexts and challenges of low-and middle-income countries. About this review Interventions to improve the labour market for adults living with physical and/or sensory disabilities in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review, was submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of grant SR4.1038 awarded under Systematic Review Window 4. This review is available on the 3ie website. 3ie is publishing this technical report as received from the authors; it has been formatted to 3ie style, however the tables and figures have not been reformatted. This review has also been published in the Campbell Collaboration Library and is available here.
Campbell Systematic Reviews
Background: People with disabilities-more than a billion people worldwide-are frequently excluded from livelihood opportunities, including employment, social protection, and access to finance. Interventions are therefore needed to improve livelihood outcomes for people with disabilities, such as improving access to financial capital (e.g., social protection), human capital (e.g., health and education/training), social capital (e.g., support) or physical capital (e.g., accessible buildings). However, evidence is lacking as to which approaches should be promoted. Objectives: This review examines whether interventions for people with disabilities result in improved livelihood outcomes in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC): acquisition of skills for the workplace, access to the job market, employment in formal and informal sectors, income and earnings from work, access to financial services such as grants and loans, and/or access to social protection programmes. Search Methods: The search, up to date as of February 2020, comprised of: (1) an electronic search of databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, CAB Global Health, ERIC, PubMED and CINAHL), (2) screening of all included studies in the instances where reviews were identified, (3) screening reference lists and citations of identified recent papers and reviews, and (4) An electronic search of a range of organisational websites and databases (including ILO, R4D, UNESCO and WHO) using the keyword search for unpublished grey to ensure maximum coverage of unpublished literature, and reduce the potential for publication bias Selection Criteria: We included all studies which reported on impact evaluations of interventions to improve livelihood outcomes for people with disabilities in LMIC. Data Collection and Analysis: We used review management software EPPI Reviewer to screen the search results. A total of 10 studies were identified as meeting the
African Journal of Disability
Background: Unemployment rates for persons with disabilities in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) are high. This is despite the call to action by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Sustainable Development Goals aimed at improving the economic well-being of the marginalised. To improve the employment outcomes of persons with disabilities in these countries, factors that facilitate and hinder employment should be explored. Objectives: This study explored barriers to and facilitators of employment for persons with disabilities in LMICs through a scoping review. Methods: A search strategy included a systematic search of nine databases using specific keywords. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework was used as a conceptual framework and barriers and facilitators were reported according to the domains of the ICF. Articles published between 2008 and 2020 were reviewed using a predefined criteria. Results: Thirty-two studies were identified in the review. Factors were identified in all domains of the ICF: (1) body function and body structure (12; 39%); (2) activities and participation (13; 42%); (3) personal factors (23; 74%); (4) environmental factors (27; 84%). Conclusion: Factors that hinder and facilitate the participation of persons with disabilities in LMICs were mainly found in the environment, with personal factors also influencing participation. The presence of negative attitudes and lack of services mainly in health and transport were major factors within the environment whilst personals factors included the lack of educational qualifications and skills. These results indicate the importance of consideration of contextual factors when developing intervention strategies aimed at facilitating the employment of persons with disabilities in LMICs.
Campbell Systematic Reviews
BACKGROUND 1.1 | The problem, condition or issue Disability is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions. The Preamble to the United Nation Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability (UNCRPD) acknowledges that disability is "an evolving concept," but also stresses that "disability results from the interaction between persons with impairments and attitudinal and environmental barriers that hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others." An impairment becomes disabling when individuals are prevented from participating fully in society because of social, political, economic, environmental, or cultural factors. More than one billion persons in the world have some form of disability. This corresponds to about 15% of the world's population (World Health Organisation [WHO, 2011]). The majority of people with disabilities (80%) live in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), and disability is believed to affect disproportionately the most disadvantaged sector of the population (Banks, Kuper, & Polack, 2017). People with disabilities are more likely to experience a range of exclusions, including from employment, education, health care access and social participation (WHO, 2011). As a consequence, people with disabilities are more likely to experience poverty because disability causes poverty, but also because people who are poor are more likely to become disabled (WHO, 2011). The impact of disability on poverty is also borne at a global level (Banks et al., 2017). In 2004, the World Bank estimated the global GDP loss due to disability to be between 1.71trillionand1.71 trillion and 1.71trillionand2.23 trillion annually (Metts & Mondiale, 2004); between 12% and 20% of the populations of developing countries were thought to be nonproductive due to disability (Mondiale, 2007). A key argument in attaining welfare for people with disabilities is to equalise social and economic opportunities from both humanitarian and economic perspectives. From a humanitarian perspective, it is to secure basic human rights for people with disabilities. From an economic perspective, it is expected to increase the human capital of people with disabilities, and thus enable them to reduce their dependence on income transfers and other forms of public support. This economic expectation addresses disability as a development issue. Research is now required to determine the most cost-effective ways to overcome the above obstacles and develop disability policies and strategies that increase the economic contributions of people (Metts & Mondiale, 2004). In recognition of this point, disability is referenced in various parts of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) (United Nations-Disability Department of Economic and Social Affairs) related to education, growth and employment, inequality and accessibility of human settlements. Furthermore, SDG 17 stresses that in order to strengthen the means of implementation and revitalise the global partnership for sustainable development, the collection of data, monitoring and accountability of the SDGs are crucial. Significantly increasing the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data that is also disaggregated by disability is one of the key mandates. Evidence and gap maps (EGMs) can contribute to achieving SDG 17 by supporting the prioritisation of global evidence synthesis needs and primary data collection.
https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR\_Vol.10\_Issue.4\_April2023/IJRR-Abstract29.html, 2023
Employment is a social determinant of health. There is compelling evidence that work improves general health and well-being and reduces psychological stress. People with disabilities are more likely to be unemployed and generally earn less even when employed. Despite the recent strides in terms of legislative frameworks aligned to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) 2004 (which India ratified in 2007) like the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPWD) act 2016, the social reality of the employment status of the Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) is in stark contrast. Several barriers contribute to the disadvantages experienced by people with disabilities while seeking jobs and retention of meaningful employment. Literature showed many studies regarding employment-related issues particularly employability of PwDs, but very few have studied local factors coming into play. This study aims to develop a systematic review protocol to systematically analyze and synthesize the existing knowledge within this area in India for planning future interventions. The protocol has already been registered to PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. (Registration ID. CRD42023407717)
Campbell Systematic Reviews
Background: There are approximately 1 billion people in the world with some form of disability. This corresponds to approximately 15% of the world's population (World Report on Disability, 2011). The majority of people with disabilities (80%) live in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs), where disability has been shown to disproportionately affect the most disadvantaged sector of the population. Decision makers need to know what works, and what does not, to best invest limited resources aimed at improving the well-being of people with disabilities in LMICs. Systematic reviews and impact evaluations help answer this question. Improving the availability of existing evidence will help stakeholders to draw on current knowledge and to understand where new research investments can guide decision-making on appropriate use of resources. Evidence and gap maps (EGMs) contribute by showing what evidence there is, and supporting the prioritization of global evidence synthesis needs and primary data collection. Objectives: The aim of this EGM is to identify, map and describe existing evidence of effectiveness studies and highlight gaps in evidence base for people with disabilities in LMICs. The map helps identify priority evidence gaps for systematic reviews and impact evaluations. Methods: The EGM included impact evaluation and systematic reviews assessing the effect of interventions for people with disabilities and their families/carers. These interventions were categorized across the five components of community-based rehabilitation matrix; health, education, livelihood, social and empowerment. Included studies looked at outcomes such as, health, education, livelihoods, social inclusion and empowerment, and were published for LMICs from 2000 onwards until January 2018. The searches were conducted between February and March 2018. The EGM is presented as a matrix in which the rows are intervention categories (e.g., health) and
Campbell Systematic Reviews, 2015
The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) is an international grant-making NGO promoting evidence-informed development policies and programmes. We are the global leader in funding, producing and synthesising high-quality evidence of what works, for whom, why and at what cost. We believe that better and policy-relevant evidence will make development more effective and improve people's lives. 3ie systematic reviews 3ie systematic reviews appraise and synthesise the available high-quality evidence on the effectiveness of social and economic development interventions in low-and middleincome countries. These reviews follow scientifically recognised review methods, and are peer-reviewed and quality assured according to internationally accepted standards. 3ie is providing leadership in demonstrating rigorous and innovative review methodologies, such as using theory-based approaches suited to inform policy and programming in the dynamic contexts and challenges of low-and middle-income countries. About this review Community-based rehabilitation for people with disabilities in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review, was submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of grant SR3.1143 issued under Systematic Review Window 3. 3ie is publishing this report as received from the authors; it has been formatted to 3ie style. This review is available on the 3ie website. This review has also been published in the Campbell Collaboration Library and is available
International Journal of Disability Management, 2012
A systematic literature review was conducted to assess the individual, organisation, societal, and legal influences of labour participation among individuals with a disability. Methods: Nine databases were searched, for peer-reviewed studies of individual, organisation, societal, and legal influences among disabled populations published between 1990 and 2010. Results: Of a total of 809 papers initially selected, only 46 studies were deemed to be of sufficient quality to be included in the review. Conclusions: Numerous studies have examined labour participation among persons with physical disabilities, some among persons with chronic disabilities, and few among persons with mental disabilities. Strong evidence was found for individual and organisation influences of labour participation among persons with physical disabilities in particular pain, catastrophising, job strain, and support. Only individual influences provided strong evidence among persons with chronic disabilities and no influences provided strong evidence among those with mental disabilities. The results are presented along with methodological weaknesses and future recommendations.