Open Governments, Open Data (original) (raw)
Related papers
Open Government Data: Development, Practice, and Challenges
Open Data, 2021
This chapter explores the concept of open data with a focus on Open Government Data (OGD). The chapter presents an overview of the development and practice of Open Government Data at the international level. It also discusses the advantages and benefits of Open Government Data. The scope and characteristics of OGD, in addition to the perceived risks, obstacles and challenges are also presented. The chapter closes with a look at the future of open data and open government data in particular. The author adopted literature review as a method and a tool of data collection for the purpose of writing this chapter.
Open Government Data: Initiatives, Challenges, and Myths
Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), 2021
The study has been carried out to identify the open data initiatives taken by different governments. The study also incorporated the benefits and challenges and myths of open data applications. It is a qualitative study based on the review of already published literature. Literature was searched from scholarly databases by using multiple keywords. Articles were selected based on relevance to the topic. The UK, US, Maldova, Pakistan, and Fingal Country Catalog cases have been elaborated. The challenges include technical, legal, organizational, managerial, financial, methodological, and conceptual issues. The myths of open data include; 1) All information should be unrestrictedly publicized, 2) It is a matter of merely publishing public data, 3) Every constituent can make use of open data, 4) Open data will result in open government. It will help report already taken initiatives and encountered challenges to better tackle initiatives taken by novice organizations. The organizations planning to adopt linked and open data technologies can overview issues and challenges and benefit from the best practices. This study is one of its kind as assembling open data technologies based on evidence from the literature is not presented before the current study.
The Roles Of Governments In The Open Data Ecosystem
2019
, 2013). The motivations to the use of open government data have been attracting les attention than those of providing them. This situation becomes more pronounced when approaching the use of OGD by the government and public organizations, even if the audience of OGD includes government employees (Smith & Sandberg, 2018; Davies, 2010). Studies have been demonstrated that the main interesting subjects in OGD are professionals and citizens (Heise & Naumann, 2012), focusing respectively on the development of innovation based on OGD and its transparency and accountability. However, the use of OGD by the public sector is not explicit in the literature. OGD is open to both the public and the private sectors (Jetzek, Avital e Bjorn-Andersen, 2014). Consequently, it makes sense that public organizations also use OGD (from other OGD public providers) in decision-making and innovation, as well as that the literature covers this topic. Studies by Vieira and Alvaro (2018), Zhu (2017), Léveillé and Timms (2015), and Parycek, Höcht, and Ginner (2014) investigate users of OGD with multiple stakeholders, including government. However, the literature about the specific use of OGD by the government is not common. The use of OGD by government needs more attention than just the data disclosure because the government has an essential response to create public value (Ruijer et al., 2017; Pereira et al., 2017). Governments can use OGD to improve public services, decisionmaking, and define and monitor public policies implementation (Gascó-Hernández et al., 2018; Susha, Grönlund & Janssen, 2015). Public organizations need to pay special attention to improve cooperation between government organizations and stakeholders involved in producing useful OGD (Yang, Lo & Shiang, 2015). Based on the aspects discussed, this paper aims to discuss the twofold role of government in the open government data ecosystem (provider or user). This article is organized in five sections. In this section, the motivations for the study are presented, and the research problem and objectives are defined. Section 2 discusses the theoretical elements guiding the study. Section 3 describes the operationalization of the study, and section 4 presents the data analysis. The concluding remarks are set forth in Section 5. 2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND Open Data (OD) is the one that is free for use, without copyright restrictions, available for anyone, and machine processable (Zhang, Hua & Yuan, 2018). Open Government Data (OGD) is the OD that comes from public sector (Saxena, 2017). Around the world, governments enable open data and create expectations to transform the data into social benefits, when data generate knowledge or ideas to create public value (Ruijer et al., 2017). OGD can improve open government (Yang & Wu, 2016) because data disclosure creates a set of public sector information useful for all stakeholders, including the government itself (Galiotou & Fragkou, 2013; Linders, 2013; O'Riain et al. 2012). The information obtained from OGD can produce knowledge or ideas to be used in initiatives aiming to increase public value, which can benefit all stakeholders (Lourenço, 2015). The effective use of OGD depends on how data are disclosed and also the objective of using them (Attard et al., 2015). Transparency itself is not the only objective of OGD, which is relative to the data usefulness and demands strategic decisions before its disclosure (Dawes,
Open Data as a New Commons. Empowering Citizens to Make Meaningful Use of a New Resource
Internet Science, 2017
An increasing computing capability is raising the opportunities to use a large amount of publicly available data for creating new applications and a new generation of public services. But while it is easy to find some early examples of services concerning control systems (e.g. traffic, meteo, telecommunication) and commercial applications (e.g. profiling systems), few examples are instead available about the use of data as a new resource for empowering citizens, i.e. supporting citizens' decisions about everyday life, political choices, organization of their movements, information about social, cultural and environmental opportunities around them and government choices. Developing spaces for enabling citizens to harness the opportunities coming from the use of this new resource, offers thus a substantial promise of social innovation. This means that open data is virtually a new resource that could become a new commons with the engagement of interested and active communities. The condition for open data becoming a new commons is that citizens become aware of the potential of this resource, that they use it for creating new services and that new practices and infrastructures are defined, that would support the use of such resource.
AMCIS proceedings, 2019
Open Government Data (OGD) has grown quickly in the last decade. However, the simple availability of OGD does not mean these data are used well in society. Social actors, both organizations and individuals, must to work collaboratively to create an Open Data Ecosystem (ODE) to manage and deliver OGD. OGD creates value only when the data are analyzed and reused to generate new knowledge. The creation of useful and applicable knowledge is not a simple and permanent thing, as it requires special attention from governments to make the data available and ODE actors to ensure the effective generation of knowledge. Limited research has studied the creation of knowledge in OGD ecosystems and more investigation is required into knowledge work within ODE. This research-in-progress aims to explore and answer the question of how is knowledge constructed in OGD ecosystems.
Open Government Data Initiatives: Open by Default or Publishing with Purpose
2020
Over the last decade, after a set of Open Government Data (OGD) principles were developed, governments around the world started to radically change their culture on data governance. However, at the implementation stage of OGD initiatives governments needed to consider whether publishing the massive quantities of open datasets did meet public needs for use and re-use, in view of the enormous investment and resources put into the production of publishable OGD. This research-in-progress adopts an exploratory case study approach combining it with a narrative literature review to investigate how the "Open by default" principle and the "Publishing with purpose" strategy were involved in facilitating OGD usage and public participation. The study's goal is to overview the current implementation of OGD initiatives and to explore best practices when working with open data. We expect to present a new logic model or to show the modification of existing government organisational logic models by analysing the findings on the nature of the New Zealand government effort in opening data up relates with the possible advantage experienced by the government and the public at large.
Open government data: critical information management perspectives
Records Management Journal
Open government data and access to public sector information is commonplace, yet little attention has focused on the essential roles and responsibilities in practice of the information and records management professionals, who enable public authorities to deliver open data to citizens. The article considers the perspectives of open government and information practitioners in England on the procedural and policy implications of open data, across local public authorities. Design/methodology/approach Using four case studies from different parts of the public sector in England (local government, higher education, National Health Service (NHS) and hospital trust), the research involved Masters level students in the data collection and analysis, alongside academics, thus enhancing the learning experience of students. Findings There was little consistency in the location of responsibility for open government data policy, the range of job roles involved, or the organizational structures, policy and guidance in place to deliver this function. While this may reflect the organizational differences and professional concerns, it makes it difficult to share best practice. Central government policy encourages public bodies to make their data available for re-use. However, local practice is very variable, and perhaps understandably responds more to local organizational strategic and resource priorities. A lack of common metadata standards for open data, different choices about which data to open, problems of data redundancy, inconsistency and data integrity and a wide variety of views on the corporate and public benefits of open data. Research limitations/implications The research is limited to England and to non-national public bodies and only draws data from a small number of case studies. Originality/value The research contributes to the debate about emerging issues around the complexities of open government data and its public benefits, contributing to the discussions around technology-enabled approaches to citizen engagement and governance. It offers new insights into the interaction between open data and public policy objectives, drawing on the experience of local public sectors in England.
A Comparative Analysis of Open Government Data in Practices and Facing Problems
2021
Open Government Data (OGD) is the publication of data by government and public institutions on the Internet. Interestingly, after more than a decade of implementing OGD there are different practices from countries in the world, even though they have the same aims. This difference is due to differences in the culture of openness, the level of openness, and the level of state confidence in opening data. This research is a qualitative research with a constructivist approach through descriptive analysis with comparisons of several countries. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that the implementation of OGD is carried out in many countries as part of efforts to fulfill data openness in the information age. Data structuring is made with a scheme that allows the government to choose which data can be published and which cannot. The roadmap for OGD activities is gradually becoming more comprehensive. Clarity of objectives is needed to create a roadmap that is effective in implementing OGD. The security of personal data is an important thing that must be guaranteed by the government. The strategy to build OGD must be carried out in one entity that is authorized to manage data.