Biosorption of Heavy Metals as a New Alternative Method for Wastewater Treatment: A Review (original) (raw)

Biosorption of heavy metals-An overview

2008

During the last two decades, extensive attention has been paid on the management of environmental pollution causal by hazardous materials such as heavy metals. Decontamination of heavy metals in the soil and water around industrial plants has been a challenge for a long time. A number of methods have been developed for the removal of heavy metals from liquid wastes such as precipitation, evaporation, electroplating, ion exchange, membrane processes, etc. However, these methods have several disadvantages such as unpredictable metal ion removal, high reagent requirement, generation of toxic sludge, etc. Biosorption is a process, which represents a biotechnological innovation as well as a cost effective excellent tool for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions. This article provides a selective overview of past achievements and present scenario of biosorption studies carried out on some promising natural biosorbents (algae, fungi, bacteria, yeast) and some waste materials which could serve as an economical means of treating effluents charged with toxic metallic ions.

Bacterial Biosorption of heavy metals

Recently, water as an essential resource for all living organisms, confront a high risk that caused by the release of heavy metals from industrial wastes to water streams and rivers. So, a realistic science approach has been directed towards the biosorption of heavy metals from wastewater and aqueous solution. Thereby, biosorption using biosorbents (i.e., living or dead bacterial biomass, or other low cost biomaterials) has considered as a worldwide driven research in the field of water clean up technologies. Biosorbents have the abilities to bind heavy metals and therefore, can remove those pollutants from water. Consequently, this book chapter is reported the recent information on biosorption and biosorbents efficiencies in heavy metals removal from contaminated water ecosystems compared to costly conventional methods. In addition, a brief reviewed of metal biosorption and bioaccumulation, biosorption mechanisms, factors affecting the biosorption and the effect of pretreatment. Al...

A Review on Removal of Heavy Metals by Biosorption: A Green Technology

International Journal of Research and Review

Heavy metals have been introduced into the environment because of industrialization. It is well known that heavy metals linger in the environment and endanger organisms. Industrial effluents include microorganisms. To counteract the negative impacts of these metals, they have implemented a variety of measures. These tactics can depend on or be independent of metabolism. One such tactic is biosorption, which involves the interaction of metal ions with cell wall-based metal binding proteins. Algae, fungi, yeasts, and bacteria all engage in biosorption. In addition to live things, leftovers of dead microorganisms also possess biosorbent qualities, such as agricultural wastes like husks, seeds, peels, and stalks from various plants. Temperature, pH, the nature of the biosorbents, the surface area to volume ratio, the quantity of biomass, the initial metal ion concentration, and the metal affinity to the biosorbent are some of the variables that influence the rate of biosorption. Biosorp...

Microorganisms and Biosorption of Heavy Metals in the Environment: A Review Paper

Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology, 2015

Industrial waste water and sediment containing heavy metals causes many ecological and health related problems. Many conventional methods were already being used to decontaminate the environment from adverse effect of these pollutants but yet most of the methods used are very expensive and far away from their best possible performance. The capability of microorganisms to bind metal ions is a well-known trend. Different experimental data are documented and presented for different metals and biomass types. In this review a brief overview of the potential of biosorbents and biosorption processes were critically reviewed. This briefly describes biosorption process and some of the analysis of different low-cost biosorbents used for heavy metal remediation from waste stream.

A review on heavy metals biosorption in the environment

Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences, 2018

Heavy metal refers to any metallic chemical element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations. Examples of heavy metals include mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), thallium (Tl) and lead (Pb). Little amounts of some heavy metals are needed by living organisms, however excessive levels of these metals can be harmful to the organisms due to their level of toxicity and accumulation behaviour. Different methods such as electrodeposition, electrocoagulation and nanofiltration system have been used to decontaminate the environment from adverse effect of these pollutants yet most of the methods used are ineffective. Biosorption is the removal of organic and inorganic substances from solution by biological material. Cheap biosorbents for the removal of metals are bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, industrial wastes and agricultural wastes. There are many mechanisms involved in biosorption some of which are not fully understood, exam...

Factors Influencing the Process of Biosorption of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution

IAEME PUBLICATION, 2013

Various biological materials can be used for removing heavy metals like Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc from aqueous solutions successfully. Biosorption is a process in which solids of natural origin are employed for binding heavy metals. It is a promising alternative method to treat industrial effluents, mainly because of its low cost and high metal binding capacity. Biosorption is possible by both living and non living biomass. A large number of micro-organisms belonging to various groups viz, bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobactreia and algae have been reported to bind a variety of heavy metals to different extents. The process of biosorption is dependent on various parameters such as contact time, pH, biomass concentration and temperature and of the solution. In this paper, the role of various influencing factors on the removal of heavy metals by biosorption is reviewed.

Biosorption of Heavy Metals – New Perspectives

2012

Biosorption, the ability of certain materials of biologic origin to entrap metal ions, is a natural process that may be seen as xenobiotic or may be used through technological processes to recover or remediate contaminated ecosystems. This process is known to be very appropriate to remediate liquid effluents with low metal ions concentrations. In the last four or five decades, very interesting publications have been presenting useful applications of biosorption systems aiming the sustainability of some industrial processes, known for sending into the environment huge amounts of heavy metals, contaminating soils, water, air, flora and fauna. Relevant research work has been done using different biosorbents and optimizing operation procedures. Several industrial processes are patented and working effectively for quite a long time. Many good and exhaustive reviews, covering all possible adsorbents, adsorbates and operational parameters, are easily accessible and even this year a couple of them have been presented to the scientific community. In this chapter devoted to biosorption, the applications of biosorption are presented with a new perspective: an integrated system, associating metal entrapment, biological chemical reduction, ion exchange and environmental oxidation catalysis in liquid and in gas phase. The metal residues of some industries are now converted into high value catalysts to be used in mild oxidation of volatile organic compounds, reusing expensive and contaminating metals in the whole industrial activity. Biosorption allows the retention of the metallic ions present in liquid solutions and special attention is paid to hexavalent chromium as it is usually present in the anionic status, making

Microbial biosorbents: Meeting challenges of heavy metal pollution in aqueous solutions

2000

Heavy metal pollution in the aquatic system has become a serious threat today. The chemical processes that exist are not economical for treating a large volume of water bodies of dilute metal concentration. In this endeavour, microbial biomass has emerged as an option for developing economic and ecofriendly wastewater treatment processes. Nonliving and dead microbial biomass may passively sequester metal(s) by the process of biosorption from dilute solutions. This biosorption technology has advantages of low operating cost, is effective in dilute solutions and generates minimum effluent. Here the dead microbial biomass functions as an ion exchanger by virtue of various reactive groups available on the cell surface such as carboxyl, amine, imidazole, phosphate, sulfhydryl, sulfate and hydroxyl. The process can be made economical by procuring natural bulk biomass or spent biomass from various fermentation industries. The performance of a biosorbent can further be improved by various physical and chemical treatments. The pretreatments modify the cell surface either by removing or masking the groups or exposing more metal binding sites. Immobilized biomass of these microbes offers the continuous sorption-desorption system in a fixed bed reactor. Various commercial microbial biosorbents available are AlgaSorb, AMT-Bioclaim and Bio-fix. The economics of these sorbents merit their commercialization, over chemical ion exchangers.

Removal of heavy metals by biosorption

Environmental Chemistry Letters

Industrialization and urbanization have resulted in increased releases of toxic heavy metals into the natural environment comprising soils, lakes, rivers, groundwaters and oceans. Research on biosorption of heavy metals has led to the identification of a number of microbial biomass types that are extremely effective in bioconcentrating metals. Biosorption is the binding and concentration of adsorbate from aqueous solutions by certain types of inactive and dead microbial biomass. The novel types of biosorbents presently reviewed are grouped under fungal biomass, biomass of non-living, dried brown marine algae, agricultural wastes and residues, composite chitosan biosorbent prepared by coating chitosan, cellulose-based sorbents and bacterial strains. The reports discussed in this review collectively suggest the promise of biosorption as a novel and green bioremediation technique for heavy metal pollutants from contaminated natural waters and wastewaters.

Role of Bacteria in Bio Sorption of Heavy Metals

International Journal of Advanced Research, 2016

Discharge of heavy metals from metal processing industries is known to have adverse effects on the environment. Conventional treatment technologies for removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution are not economical and generate huge quantity of toxic chemical sludge. Biosorption of heavy metals by metabolically inactive non-living biomass of microbial or plant origin is an innovative and alternative technology for removal of these pollutants from aqueous solution. Biosorption is regarded as a potential costeffective biotechnology for the treatment of high volume low-concentration complex wastewaters containing heavy metals. Some factors such as solution pH may affect biosorption process. The equilibrium of biosorption process can be described by isotherm models such as Langmuir and Freundlich. A vast array of biological materials, especially bacteria, algae, yeasts and fungi have received increasing attention for heavy metal removal and recovery due to their good performance, low cost and large available quantities, have been reviewed in this paper. Tree bark is among the widely available and low-cost sorbents for metal adsorption in aqueous environments. Peat is also a type of commonly used biosorbent.