Consideraciones Diagnósticas y Terapéuticas Para Infecciones Uterinas en Vacas Lecheras (original) (raw)

Alternative Treatments of Postpartum Uterine Diseases in Dairy Cows

2021

The ultimate goal of treating postpartum uterine diseases (PUDs) in dairy cows is to reach clinical cure in a reasonable amount of time and to improve reproductive performance while minimizing milk and meat residue issues, and consequently, reducing economic losses. Acute puerperal metritis in cows is usually treated with systemic antimicrobial drugs (cephalosporin, or tetracycline, ceftiofur, penicillin) and a fluid therapy in severe cases [1]. Because of concerns about antibiotic resistance and residues, some veterinarians advocate waiting 24 h to 48 h before instituting an anti-microbial therapy, thus allowing a spontaneous cure of about 30% [2]. In severe cases, this is frequently not advised in order to protect the welfare of the animal. Indeed, manipulation of the uterus and drainage of the fetid watery red-brown discharge are not recommended because of the risk of perforation of the friable and painful uterine wall and bacteremia [3]. There is no evidence of improvement of th...

Risk factors for postpartum uterine infections in dairy herds

The association between some risk factors and the presentation of post-partum uterine infections in dairy cattle has been established. However, this association is not comprehensive and the role of other factors has not been widely studied. Here the importance of age, parity, calving season, dystocia and retained foetal membranes (RFMs) was established as some of the potential risk factors for uterine infections. Cases studied occurred at two English dairy farms: Farm A (n= 463) and Farm B (n=361) that had calved between January and December 2009. It was found that Farm B reported a higher prevalence of uterine infections based on age, parity and calving season (24% vs. 16%). Farm A reported a higher prevalence of uterine infections based on retained foetal membranes (8.9% vs. 5%) and dystocia (11.9% vs. 6.9%). Both farms reported significant effect on age (χ 2 = 19.35, df 2, p<0.001 and χ 2 = 19.82, df 2, p<0.001), calving season (χ 2 = 9.61, df 3, p<0.02 and χ 2 = 80.06, df 3, p<0.001) and dystocia (χ 2 = 12.98, df 1, p<0.001 and χ 2 = 7.56, df 1, p<0.01) on the presentation of uterine infection while parity and RFMs were not significant. The findings of this study may be useful for helping to set up protocols in dairy herd health management that prompt livestock owners, breeders and veterinarians to take quick action to avoid the consequences caused by postpartum uterine infections. In addition, it could help in the formulation of correct post-calving health monitoring strategies within a dairy herd.

Effects of postpartum uterine diseases on milk production and culling in dairy cows

Journal of dairy science, 2011

The objective was to quantify the effect of postpartum uterine diseases on milk production and culling. Data from 2,178 Holstein cows in 6 herds enrolled in a randomized clinical trial were used. Milk production data from the first 4 Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) test-days and culling data from farm records were collected. Retained placenta (RP; ≥24 h after parturition) and metritis [≤20 d in milk (DIM)] were diagnosed by farm managers using standardized definitions. Farms were visited weekly and cows were examined at 35 and 56 (±3) DIM using endometrial cytology (cytobrush device), vaginal discharge scoring (Metricheck device), and measurement of cervical diameter by transrectal palpation. Diagnostic criteria for cytological endometritis (CYTO) and purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) were established based on a detrimental effect on subsequent reproduction. Statistical analyses were performed using linear mixed models, logistic regression models, and Cox proportional hazar...

Uterine Infections in Cows and Effect on Reproductive Performance

Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2014

Uterine infections affect the hypothalamus, hypophysis, ovaries and uterus. These infections inhibit the development of dominant follicles, prevent both the release of the luteinizing hormone (LH) and ovulation, reduce the size of the corpus luteum (CL), and decrease progesterone production. As these infections reduce fertility or cause infertility, they result in major economic losses. The diagnosis of uterine infections by means of various techniques and the detection of the severity of the infection enable the selection of the most appropriate treatment method and the estimation of the success rate that may be achieved with the application of the particular treatment method selected. This review aims to provide researchers and veterinary practitioners with practical information on the prevalence of postpartum uterine infections and currently applied diagnostic and treatment methods.

Reproductive tract defense and disease in postpartum dairy cows

Theriogenology, 2011

This paper briefly reviews recent data and concepts on the development and mitigation of infection and inflammation in the reproductive tract of dairy cows during the first 2 mo after calving. The incidence of metritis is typically between 10 and 20%, of clinical endometritis or purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) approximately 15%, and of subclinical or cytological endometritis a further 15%. Worse postpartum negative energy balance is associated with more severe or prolonged uterine inflammation. Changes in feed intake, expression of genes for pro-inflammatory cytokines, notably interleukin (IL) 1, IL6 and IL8, circulating concentrations of betahydroxybutyrate (BHBA) or nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and innate immune function precede both metritis and endometritis by several weeks. Infections with Escherichia coli and Arcanobacterium pyogenes are associated with both metritis and PVD. There are new data to suggest that specific virulence factors in E. coli associated with adherence may be important in metritis and PVD. Cytological endometritis and PVD are overlapping but largely distinct conditions, and there are emerging data that cervicitis exists both concurrent with and separate from endometritis. Much remains to be learned about what initiates and sustains harmful inflammation of the reproductive tract. Such information is necessary to develop effective treatments for the various forms of disease and, more importantly, to develop means to prevent endometritis and cervicitis. In particular, vaccination against specific uterine pathogens and interventions to modulate innate immune response appear to be important avenues for investigation. Presently, commonly recommended best management practices for cows in the transition period are likely to be helpful to mitigate the risk of reproductive disease.

Negative Impact of Metritis and Endometritis on Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cattle

Hussein, M.M; Goma, A; Abdel –Halim, B.R. and Saber, M. Abdallah Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni Suef University, 2017

The current study was conducted to investigate the incidence of metritis and endometritis in dairy cows. Moreover, to determine the collective impact of metritis and endometritis in dairy farms on reproductive performance and milk yield. A total number of 246 Holstein cows divided into three groups was included in the current study.One of these groups as control group and the second and the third groups were including those cows diagnosed with acute postpartum metritis and chronic endometritis, respectively. The obtained results showed that endometritis possessed severe negative effects on postpartum reproductive performance of the studied cows compared to normal cows. Moreover, the impact of this disease was higher in premiparous cows in comparison with com their pleuriparous herd-mates. Days to first estrus tended (P=0.06) to be increased in premiparous cows suffering from endometritis (89.19±12.12 days) compared to normal cows (59.45±3.30 days) or those suffering from acute metritis (65.37±4.92 days). While in pleuriparous cows, the negative effects of endometritis did not show any tendency for prolonged days to first estrus, when compared to normal cows. Endometritis had significantly (P<0.01) negative impacts on postpartum cyclicity in premiparous cows (89.19±12.12 days), compared to 56.32±3.15 days in pleuriparous cows. Endometritis, significantly negatively (P<0.05) impacted days to first AI in both premiparous cows (105.63±12.95 days, compared to 65.97±2.63 days for normal cows and pleuriparous cows (76.19±3.64 days). A nearly similar trend was observed for endometritis and metritis regarding their potential negative impacts on number of inseminations per conception in both premiparous and pleuriparous cows. Regarding to, days open, diseases like endometritis was associated with significantly (P<0.01) higher days open in both premiparous and pleuriparous cows. Meanwhile, advancing parity was associated with significantly (P<0.05) higher days open for cows suffering from endometritis only.

Postpartum Uterine Diseases; Diagnostic Approaches and Management in Farm Animals: A Review

Review, 2024

Postpartum uterine infections results from uterine contamination with bacteria during parturition. The postpartum environment of the uterine lumen supports the growth of a variety of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. There are a number of risk factors for post-partum uterine disease in dairy cattle; cows having dystocia, retained placenta, twins or stillbirths and various metabolic disorders are more likely to develop uterine disease. Inflammation of the uterus slows down the process of involution in the uterus and delays the onset of activities of the ovaries leading to economic loss due to systemic illness, loss of milk and meat production and marked drop in fertility. Pyometra, metritis, clinical and subclinical endometritis are some of the most important illnesses during the postpartum period. A variety of methods such as uterine palpation, ultrasonographic features of the uterus, vaginoscopy, endometrial cytology, uterine culture, and uterine biopsy has been reported to identify postpartum diseases. Prevention of postpartum uterine disease would be better than cure, for both the animals and the economy. Thus, early diagnosis or predictions of uterine infections are important for effective postpartum management.

Comprehensive methods of diagnosis and prevention of postpartum complications in cows

Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Veterinary Medicine, 2020

The experiments were conducted during 2018 - 2020 on cows of black-spotted breed in the conditions of LLC "Ryasnyanske" of Krasnopil district of Sumy region. Cows were aged 4 - 8 years with an average annual milk yield of 2.5 - 3.1 thousand kg of milk per lactation. Assessment of the postpartum period was performed according to the changes that occurred in the female reproductive system. This took into account not only the general condition of the animals, the nature of the exudate, the size and topography of the uterus, but also the condition of the ovaries, cervix and vagina in rectal and vaginal examinations. Diagnosis of various forms of endometritis was performed based on medical history, clinical and gynecological studies. For the treatment of cows of the experimental group with postpartum endometritis, they were injected subcutaneously with 10 ml of the drug "Metrisan" in a mixture with 0.5% solution of novocaine at a rate of 1: 1. The interval between inj...