News framing of the Chinese embassy bombing by the people's daily and the New York Times (original) (raw)

News Framing as a Multiparadigmatic Research Program: A Response to Entman

Journal of Communication, 2002

A large and growing body of mass media research centers on the concept of "framing." The purpose of this essay is to respond to call for the establishment of a paradigm of news framing research. Drawing on work in the sociology of knowledge, I argue that news framing research operates according to principles of a Lakatosian research program in which researchers employ and refine specific theories in order to generate findings in particular studies about a common core of irrefutable conjectures. In the metatheory developed here, the research program is inclusive of three paradigmatic outlooks, called cognitive, constructionist, and critical, that provide researchers with specific images with which to examine the interaction of media frames and individual-or social-level reality. Thus, contra Entman (1993), I argue that there is not, nor should there be, a single "mended" paradigm of framing research. The research program has benefited the communication discipline by encouraging researchers to use specific theories to progressively explicate a complex process.

The Repetition and Competition of News Reporting as Mediator to Frame Setting

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014

The rapid spread of information in the world makes news reporting on the current issues around people grows as well. Framing analysis is a theoretical approach that has been considered as one of the indicators used to analyze how people understand the situations. With the diversity of perception, framing analysis too has changed. The competition of news reporting from various types of media gives the audiences more options to choose the frame which is considered right and suitable for them. Similarly, the media also take the initiatives by reporting a repeated news and information in order to provide information and insight to the reader as well as to capture their attention. Therefore, this study opens a new stream of framing analysis on how these two mediators are functional and capable of giving effect to the news framing.

Framing as Media Effects Framing as a Theory of Media Effects

Research on framing is characterized by theoretical and empirical vagueness. This is due, in part, to the lack of a commonly shared theoretical model underlying framing research. Conceptual problems translate into operational problems, limiting the comparability of instruments and results. In this paper I systematize the fragmented approaches to framing in political communication and integrate them into a comprehensive model. I classify previous approaches to framing research along two dimensions: the type of frame examined (media frames vs. audience frames) and the way frames are operationalized (independent variable or dependent variable). I develop a process model of framing, identifying four key processes that should be addressed in future research: frame building, frame setting, individuallevel processes of framing, and a feedback loop from audiences to journalists.

Framing in News Discourse

Advances in Multimedia and Interactive Technologies, 2018

By presenting the case study of the Charlie Hebdo attack in news discourse, this chapter combines a semantic analysis of the most frequent frame-activating words through text linguistics tools with frame analysis, developed according to the model proposed by Entman in the news making context. The linguistic perspective adopted in this chapter combines the works by Fillmore and Congruity Theory. As shown in the present work, both linguistics and news framing benefit from such integration.

CONTENTION BETWEEN FRAMING BY NEWS SOURCES AND FRAMING BY MEDIA

Framing study has long been examined from the outlook of framing by media. The role of news sources as an external factor in frame-building process has thus far been overlooked for its capacity of communication within communication. The scrutiny of news sources of a contemporary education issue in Malaysia is believed to have made significant contribution to the knowledge of framing study. An empirical examination on 1,156 units of analysis drawn from five Malaysian Chinese dailies for the news coverage on the issue of teaching and learning of mathematics and science subjects in two languages has proven the establishment of source’s frames. Due to the different stand and representation of various news sources, source’s frames emerged by means of the favourable frame prominently portrayed by them, who also act as the frame sponsors in building the news stories.

Framing As a Theory of Media Effects

Journal of communication, 1999

Research on framing is characterized by theoretical and empirical vagueness. This is due, in part, to the lack of a commonly shared theoretical model underlying framing research. Conceptual problems translate into operational problems, limiting the comparability of instruments and results. In this paper I systematize the fragmented approaches to framing in political communication and integrate them into a comprehensive model. I classify previous approaches to framing research along two dimensions: the type of frame examined (media frames vs. audience frames) and the way frames are operationalized (independent variable or dependent variable). I develop a process model of framing, identifying four key processes that should be addressed in future research: frame building, frame setting, individuallevel processes of framing, and a feedback loop from audiences to journalists.