Characterization and Model Parameters of Large Commercial Supercapacitor Cells (original) (raw)

Modelling of Supercapacitors Based on Simplified Equivalent Circuit

CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications, 2021

The need for energy storage devices especially in renewable energy applications has increased the use of supercapacitors. Accordingly, several supercapacitor models have been proposed in previous researches. Nevertheless, most of them require an intensive test to obtain the model parameters. These may not be suitable for an initial simulation study, where a simple model based on the datasheet is required to evaluate the system performance before building the hardware prototype. A simplified electrical circuit model for a supercapacitor (SC) based on the voltage-current equation is proposed in this paper to address this issue. This model doesn't need an intensive test for accuracy. The structural simplicity and decent modelling accuracy make the equivalent electrical circuit model very suitable for power electronic applications and real-time energy management simulations. The parameters of the proposed model can be obtained from the datasheets value with a minimum test requirement. The experimental method to provide the parameters of the supercapacitor equivalent circuit is described. Based on the proposed method, the supercapacitor model is built in Matlab/ Simulink, and the characteristics of equivalent series resistance (ESR) measurement and cycle life are compared with datasheets. The simulation results have verified that the proposed model can be applied to simulate the behaviour of the supercapacitor in most energy and power applications for a short time of energy storage. A supercapacitor test circuit is given to test the charge and discharge of supercapacitor modules. The experimental results are suitable for simulation results.

Review of characterization methods for supercapacitor modelling

Journal of Power Sources, 2014

To manage an electrical network in a stationary application or in an embedded application such as hybrid or electrical vehicles, it is necessary to understand and to model the electrical behaviour of the sources on board. This paper deals with the characterization of supercapacitors as electrical power sources, in order to model them. Three equivalent electrical circuit models of supercapacitor are proposed, corresponding to different levels of modelling. The identification of these model parameters is carried out with adapted characterization tests, such as charge and discharge test at constant current and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in environmental constraints. The experimental results are compared and analysed, for many characterizations in different test conditions in terms of voltage (from 0.5 to 2.7V), temperature (from-20 to 55°C), frequency (from 50mHz to 20kHz) and on many supercapacitor cells of several capacitances (650F, 1200F and 3000F) and from two suppliers (Maxwell and Batscap).

Models and Modelling the Supercapacitors for a Defined Application

elth.ucv.ro

Supercapacitors, located in the middle of the energy storage devices' hierarchy, present unique advantages that make them indispensable for applications which require high power delivered in a short time. Establishing the appropriateness of strategies for using these devices is through knowing the supercapacitor's behavior in different loads and its control. Starting from the establishment of a mathematicaleconometric model that allows the supercapacitor characteristics' optimization and of a basic electrical equivalent model, the paper presents the realization of a new complex, adaptive model of a supercapacitor, used as a storage device and power supply, taking into account temperature influences on key parameters, the effect of high frequencies on the capacitance and the effects of aging based on application-specific usage. Based on thorough analysis of the classic measurements that are made in pre-choosing a type of supercapacitor to perform the function of an energy source in a system and taking into account all the above factors that may influence the behavior of a supercapacitor, the new electrical equivalent, conceptually model is tested and validated by successive simulations using dedicated software. The model is stable during the simulation and the size of the error to the measured value does not exceed 2.1% of nominal voltage. The solution is even more important as the power supply system must ensure continuity all operating conditions.

Electrical and Mathematical Modeling of Supercapacitors: Comparison

Energies, 2022

Supercapacitors are energy storage devices with high electrical power densities and long spanlife. Therefore, supercapacitor-based energy storage systems have been employed for a variety of applications. The modelling and simulation of SCs have been of great interest to this objective. This paper presents an electrical schema and mathematical modelling of three models of supercapacitors. The first is the RC model, the second is the two-branch model and the third is the multi-branch model. The objective of this modelling is to choose the best model that can respect the same behaviour of the experimental model. These models are compared with an experimental model. This comparison prove that the response voltage of the multi-branch model correctly describes the behaviour of the experimental model of Belhachemi. The disadvantage of this model is the slow simulation duration in MATLAB/Simulink. The RC model represented the faster model in terms of simulation. The choice of 15 branches in...

Supercapacitors: Electrical Characteristics, Modeling, Applications, and Future Trends

IEEE Access

Energy storage systems are playing an increasingly important role in a variety of applications, such as electric vehicles or grid-connected systems. In this context, supercapacitors (SCs) are gaining ground due to their high power density, good performance, and long maintenance-free lifetime. For this reason, SCs are a hot research topic, and several papers are being published on material engineering, performance characterization, modeling. and post-mortem analysis. A compilation of the most important millstones on this topic is essential to keep researchers on related fields updated about new potentials of this technology. This review paper covers recent research aspects and applications of SCs, highlighting the relationship between material properties and electrical characteristics. It begins with an explanation of the energy storage mechanisms and materials used by SCs. Based on these materials, the SCs are classified, their key features are summarized, and their electrochemical characteristics are related to electrical performance. Given the high interest in system modeling and a large number of papers published on this topic, modeling techniques are classified, explained, and compared, addressing their strengths and weaknesses, and the experimental techniques used to measure the modeled properties are described. Finally, SCs are successfully used in the market sectors, as well as their growth expectations are analyzed. The analysis presented herein gives the account of the expansion that the SC market is currently undergoing and identifies the most promising research trends on this field.

Electrical, Frequency and Thermal Measurement and Modelling of Supercapacitor Performance

2008

This paper presents an evaluation of commercial supercapacitors performance (ESR, C, self-discharge, P max , E max , coulumbic efficiency, etc), under different conditions. Characterization of supercapacitor performances as a function of current, voltage, frequency and thermal constraints, is carried out by constant current test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and voltamperometry. A comparative study of measurement techniques is conducted in detail in this work. The supercapacitor self-discharge amplitude is determined by measuring the decline of open-circuit voltage. The mechanisms of the self-discharge, leakage current and diffusion of ions at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces are modelled by a new electrical equivalent circuit. In addition, we model the electrochemical impedance of self-discharge with diffusion-controlled in frequency domain. Supercapacitor is represented by two complementary electrical equivalent circuits: two branches and non-homogeny pores. The first represents the supercapacitor time behaviour. The second represents supercapacitor dynamic behaviour. Finally, the origin and a new model of pseudoinductance are described.

Postulates of Supercapacitor and Performance Assessment Parameters: A Technical Overview

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020

The advancements in supercapacitors (SCs) are happening at an exceptionally high rate as the remarkable need for these storage devices are identified in different areas of life mainly hybrid vehicles, portable electronic devices, aircraft, smart grids, short term energy storage etc. Batteries with high energy densities are the state-of art solutions but they suffer from safety risks especially with poor compatibility with flexible systems. SCs, as the energy storage device bridging the gap between Lithium-ion batteries and conventional capacitors, are excellent candidates with fast charging-discharging rates, long cycle life and safer operation. This overview highlights the fundamentals of SC and its different varieties based on type and electrode materials with particular emphasis on factors affecting the performance of SCs. The dynamic characteristics of SCs strongly related to the ion mobility of the electrolyte used and the porosity effects of the porous electrodes. The advent of high energy density nanomaterials has made SC superior in different areas of energy needs of present world.

Frequency, thermal and voltage supercapacitor characterization and modeling

Journal of Power Sources, 2007

A simple electrical model has been established to describe supercapacitor behaviour as a function of frequency, voltage and temperature for hybrid vehicle applications. The electrical model consists of 14 RLC elements, which have been determined from experimental data using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) applied on a commercial supercapacitor. The frequency analysis has been extended for the first time to the millihertz range to take into account the leakage current and the charge redistribution on the electrode. Simulation and experimental results of supercapacitor charge and discharge have been compared and analysed. A good correlation between the model and the EIS results has been demonstrated from 1 mHz to 1 kHz, from −20 to 60 • C and from 0 to 2.5 V.

Supercapacitors Performance Evaluation

Advanced Energy Materials, 2014

The performance of a supercapacitor can be characterized by a series of key parameters, including the cell capacitance, operating voltage, equivalent series resistance, power density, energy density, and time constant. To accurately measure these parameters, a variety of methods have been proposed and are used in academia and industry. As a result, some confusion has been caused due to the inconsistencies between different evaluation methods and practices. Such confusion hinders effective communication of new research findings, and creates a hurdle in transferring novel supercapacitor technologies from research labs to commercial applications. Based on public sources, this article is an attempt to inventory, critique and hopefully streamline the commonly used instruments, key performance metrics, calculation methods, and major affecting factors for supercapacitor performance evaluation. Thereafter the primary sources of inconsistencies are identified and possible solutions are sugge...

MODELING AND SIMULATION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL SUPERCAPACITOR FOR HIGH POWER DELIVERY

An Electrochemical Supercapacitor is an energy storage device that can store high energy and also release high power from the same time. Almost all the applications in the field of power transmission, electric or hybrid vehicles, industrial electronics to name some; where battery was used as power source can be replaced by Supercapacitor. This paper first discusses different types of models commonly used and chosen the model which includes the non-linear behavior. OrCAD Lite demo version was used to simulate and obtain the behavior of Supercapacitor by varying the Equivalent Series Resistance. This analysis has the advantage that identify performance of high power release is dependent on the value of Equivalent Series Resistance. With proper selection of electrolyte in fabrication also the power release can be very high which can supply high peak load.