Mongol Campaign in Central Asia (original) (raw)

2023, From the Khitans to the Jurchens & Mongols: A History of Barbarians in Triangle Wars & Quartet Conflicts

There appeared to have existed much earlier Mongol campaigns against Semiryechye and Central Asia than what the Mongol-related history had covered. In A.D. 1214, Genghis Khan, during some interval between the campaigns against the Tanguts and Jurchens, could be involved in a campaign against the Khitans in the Semiryechye (seven Balkhash Lake rivers) area. This was a campaign against the 300,000 Kara-khitai army, that was carried in Guo Baoyu’s biography, an incredible passage that debunked the prevalent missing [or compacted] one-year history of the Mongols’ Central Asia campaign as carried in the Persian and Arab records, that were invariably copycatted into the European history books as well as palmed off to China as revisionist history [that was seen in Hong Ju and Ke Shaomin’s writings]. In a battle at the E-yi-duo city of [Gu-]Xu-gui-guo state (speculated to be related to the Uygur founder-king Kutlug Boyla or Kutlug Bilge Kaghan’s Peiluo or Boyla city), Guo Baoyu was so seriously wounded that Genghis Khan ordered to cut apart an ox’s belly to put Guo Baoyu inside for preventing hypothermia. In A.D. 1217, Xin Yuan Shi stated that Genghis Khan, hearing that the Merkits were in the Naiman domain, ordered to campaign against Kuchlug, i.e., son of the deposed khan of the Naimans, who was already emperor of Kara-Khitay (Western Liao Dynasty, Qara Khitan). Genghis Khan hence sent Jebe on a campaign against Kuchlug. Xin Yuan Shi erred by one year late here. According to Yuan Shi, Genghis Khan, after return north from North China campaigns against the Jurchens in the spring of A.D. 1216, already ordered Subetei to attack the Merkits at a celebration party near the Tu’ula River, a campaign that continued till A.D. 1219, with Subetei defeating the Merkits at the Chan-he (toad) River in A.D. 1218 or Genghis Khan’s 13th year per Xin Yuan Shi. Subetei’s western campaign could be further divided into two phases of war against the Merkits and Kipchaks in A.D. 1216-1219 [with skirmish with Khwarazm in A.D. 1219] and war against the Khwarazm empire in A.D. 1219-1224 -- that Subetei’s biography bundled together in one passage. Subetei and Chepe appeared to have campaigned to the west at about the same time, with Chepe’s focus being laid on the Kara-Khitai Khitans, instead. In A.D. 1218, Xin Yuan Shi stated that Genghis Khan ordered Chepe to campaign against Kuchlug of Kara-Khitay (Western Liao dynasty). In June of A.D. 1219, Xi-yu (western territories), i.e., today’s Chinese Turkistan, killed the Mongol emissaries. Genghis Khan personally led the campaign against ‘Xi-yu’ (A.D. 1219-1224) and captured chieftain Ha-zhi-er-zhi-lan-tu (Khadie-khan).