Effect of different calcium and phosphorus content in Mexican diets on rat femur bone growth and composition (original) (raw)
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The Journal of nutrition, 2008
Although calcium (Ca) supplementation increases bone density, the increase is small and the effect on bone strength and fracture risk is uncertain. To investigate if bone mass, morphology, and biomechanical properties are affected by deficient to copious dietary Ca concentrations, the long bones (tibia and femur) of growing female Sprague-Dawley rats (8/group) were assessed after 13 wk of consuming 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 g Ca/kg of a modified AIN-93G diet. Dietary phosphorous (P) and vitamin D remained constant at recommended concentrations. The assessment included mineralization, density, biomechanical properties of breaking by a 3-point flexure test, and morphological properties by microcomputed topography scanning of trabecular bone of the proximal tibia metaphysis. Dietary treatment did not affect food intake, weight gain, renal and muscle Ca concentrations, and bone hydroxyproline. All bone parameters measured were significantly impaired by Ca deficiency in rats fed the diet co...
Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2019
Background: A 21-day experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that Ca requirements to maximize growth performance expressed as the standardized total tract digestible (STTD) Ca to STTD P ratio is less than 1.40: 1. The second hypothesis was that increasing dietary Ca increases plasma Ca concentration and downregulates abundance of genes related to Ca absorption (TRPV6, S100G, and ATP2B1) in the duodenum, and tight junction proteins (OCLN, CLDN1, and ZO1) in the duodenum and ileum. Methods: Twenty corn-soybean meal diets were formulated using a 4 × 5 factorial design with diets containing 0. 16%, 0.33%, 0.42%, or 0.50% STTD P, and 0.14%, 0.29%, 0.44%, 0.59%, or 0.74% STTD Ca. Six hundred and forty pigs (initial weight: 11.1 ± 1.4 kg) were allotted to 20 diets and 5 blocks in a randomized complete block design. On day 21, weights of pigs and feed left in feeders were recorded and blood, duodenal tissue, ileal mucosa, and the right femur were collected from 1 pig per pen. Abundance of mRNA was determined in duodenal and ileal tissue via quantitative RT-PCR. Data were analyzed using a response surface model. Results: The predicted maximum ADG (614 g), G:F (0.65), and bone ash (11.68 g) was obtained at STTD Ca:STTD P ratios of 1.39:1, 1.25:1, and 1.66:1, respectively, when STTD P was provided at the requirement (0.33%). If dietary STTD P was below the requirement, increasing dietary Ca resulted in reduced (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F. However, if dietary STTD P was above the requirement, negative effects (P < 0.05) on ADG and G:F of increasing STTD Ca were observed only if dietary STTD Ca exceeded 0.6%. Plasma Ca concentration was positively affected by STTD Ca over the range studied (quadratic, P < 0.01) and negatively affected by increasing STTD P (linear, P < 0.01). There was a linear negative effect (P < 0.05) of STTD Ca on the abundance of S100G, TRPV6, OCLN, and ZO1 in duodenum, and CLDN and ZO1 in ileum.
Seventy-two growing pigs were fed one of nine dietary treatments that provided a range of Ca (0.4%-1.2%) and P (0.4%-1.2%) levels arranged in a two-factor central composite design. Two pigs, per treatment after either 5 (T5) or 10 (TÃ • O) wk and four pigs per treatment after 15 (T15) wk were slaughtered, and the femur (F) and third (MT3) and fourth (MT4) metatarsal bones were collected for evaluation of mechanical properties (force, stress and modulus of elasticity), ash weight (ASHW), percent ash (PASH) and bone mineral content (BMC) using photon absorptiometry. Stepwise regression analysis utilized to generate best-fit equations predicted that dietary Ca and P levels could reliably predict force (fl2 = 0.83), ASHW (fi2 = 0.93) and BMC (fi2 = 0.89) of the MT3 bones but the prediction of force differed at the various time periods. Stress (fi2 = 0.41), the modulus of elasticity (fi2 = 0.29) and PASH (fi2 = 0.17) were not reliably predicted by dietary mineral levels. The amount of force withstood by the MT3 bone could be reliably predicted by BMC (fi2 = 0.90), but stress was not reliably predicted by BMC (fi2 = 0.40) even if dietary Ca levels were considered. These results indicated that dietary Ca levels between 0.6% and 1.2% and dietary P levels between 0.6% and 0.8% did not adversely affect growth, efficiency or bone development. The BMC, as determined by photon absorptiometry, was not a reliable predictor of bone strength.
Journal of exercise nutrition & biochemistry, 2013
This study aimed to investigate effects of restricted calcium intake on cortical and trabecular bone density in white rats. Low Ca diet was fed for six weeks, and bone density and bone metabolism parameters were assessed in blood. This study was carried out on 12 male white rats aged 12 weeks (Sprague-Dawley; SD). These rats were bred for 1 week and randomly assigned to the standard calcium diet group (SCa group, n = 6) and the low calcium diet group (LCa group; n = 6). The SCa group was given a modified AIN-93M mineral mix (with 0.5% Ca), which was made by adding calcium to a standard AIN93 diet, and the LCa Group was fed a modified AIN-93 Mineral mix (with 0.1% Ca). Femoral BMD and BMC were measured by DEXA in each rat. After trabecular bone was separated from cortical bone, volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) was measured using pQCT. Serum Ca and P levels were measured as parameters of bone metabolism, and S-ALP, S-TrACP and-Dpd levels were also measured. The results revealed ...
Calcium-enriched bread supports skeletal growth of young rats
Nutrition Research, 1999
Calcium (Ca) malabsorption is believed to aggravate negative calcium balance and contribute importantly to age-related bone loss. Although dairy products are considered a rich and bioavailable source of calcium, there are people who either avoid these products or do not consume them in adequate amounts. Therefore, there is a need for alternative food choices that can provide individuals with adequate calcium without a need for supplementation. The current study was undertaken to examine whether calcium bioavailability of a bread-based diet is comparable with that of a milk-based diet. Additionally, the calcium bioavailability of these two diets were compared with semi-purified diets with varying amounts of fat and protein. Forty, 28 day old, male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four treatment groups and fed for 8 weeks. Treatments were as follows: control, received a semi-synthetic diet; bread, received a bread-based diet in which bread provided 100% of the CHO. 79% of the protein and 16% of the fat; milk, received a diet composed of 49.4% (w/w) non-fat dried milk, and HFHP. received a semi-synthetic diet with higher fat and protein contents than all the other groups. All the diets, except HFHP, were formulated to be iso-caloric and isonitrogenous. Absorption of Ca was assessed 8 days before the end of the study for a five-day period using the balance technique. Calcium absorption was significantly lower in the milk and HFHP groups in comparison to the bread and control groups. However, skeletal growth was not jeopardized in any of the treatment groups as judged by femoral density and mineral content and tibial protein content. Despite similar energy intakes, the final mean body weight of animals fed the milk-based diet was significantly lower than the other groups. These results indicate that enriched bread can serve as a good source of bioavailable calcium. Additionally, our data suggest that diets with higher fat content may interfere with calcium absorption. 0 ,999 ElseviaScieoccInC.
The Journal of Nutrition, 1986
Seventy-two growing pigs were fed one of nine dietary treatments that provided a range of Ca (0.4%-1.2%) and P (0.4%-1.2%) levels arranged in a two-factor central composite design. Two pigs, per treatment after either 5 (T5) or 10 (TÕO) wk and four pigs per treatment after 15 (T15) wk were slaughtered, and the femur (F) and third (MT3) and fourth (MT4) metatarsal bones were collected for evaluation of mechanical properties (force, stress and modulus of elasticity), ash weight (ASHW), percent ash (PASH) and bone mineral content (BMC) using photon absorptiometry. Stepwise regression analysis utilized to generate best-fit equations predicted that dietary Ca and P levels could reliably predict force (fl2 = 0.83), ASHW (fi2 = 0.93) and BMC (fi2 = 0.89) of the MT3 bones but the prediction of force differed at the various time periods. Stress (fi2 = 0.41), the modulus of elasticity (fi2 = 0.29) and PASH (fi2 = 0.17) were not reliably predicted by dietary mineral levels. The amount of force withstood by the MT3 bone could be reliably predicted by BMC (fi2 = 0.90), but stress was not reliably predicted by BMC (fi2 = 0.40) even if dietary Ca levels were considered. These results indicated that dietary Ca levels between 0.6% and 1.2% and dietary P levels between 0.6% and 0.8% did not adversely affect growth, efficiency or bone development. The BMC, as determined by photon absorptiometry, was not a reliable predictor of bone strength.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Serum calcium isotopes (δ44/42Ca) have been suggested as a non-invasive and sensitive Ca balance marker. Quantitative δ44/42Ca changes associated with Ca flux across body compartment barriers relative to the dietary Ca and the correlation of δ44/42CaSerum with bone histology are unknown. We analyzed Ca and δ44/42Ca by mass-spectrometry in rats after two weeks of standard-Ca-diet (0.5%) and after four subsequent weeks of standard- and of low-Ca-diet (0.25%). In animals on a low-Ca-diet net Ca gain was 61 ± 3% and femur Ca content 68 ± 41% of standard-Ca-diet, bone mineralized area per section area was 68 ± 15% compared to standard-Ca-diet. δ44/42Ca was similar in the diets, and decreased in feces and urine and increased in serum in animals on low-Ca-diet. δ44/42CaBone was higher in animals on low-Ca-diet, lower in the diaphysis than the metaphysis and epiphysis, and unaffected by gender. Independent of diet, δ44/42CaBone was similar in the femora and ribs. At the time of sacrifice, δ...
Growth and bone mineralisation as affected by dietary calcium, phytic acid and vitamin D
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. A, Comparative physiology, 1982
1. Rats were fed various diets ranging from the normal chow, pure flour containing large amounts of phytic acid, Ca-enriched flour and mixtures of flour and normal food with various levels of calcium. 2. It was found that the animals eating the pure flour grew less and were smaller. 3. They suffered from hypocalcemia and had low plasma alkaline phosphatase and 25-HCC-vitamin D3 levels. 4. These animals had rib-cage deformities. 5. Additional calcium in the flour improved the animals' growth and calcification. 6. The mixed food did not greatly affect the animals and additional calcium did not improve growth or bone mineralisation. 7. The Bedouin eat large amounts of unleavened bread containing large amounts of phytates. 8. It is concluded that uptake of large amounts of phytates by the Bedouin eating unleavened bread is due to the flour and that the clinical manifestations are a direct result of the flour and not the lack of vitamin D due to covering the skin from sunlight.
Effects of dietary protein and calcium on the skeleton of
1981
A study has been made of the effects of various levels of dietary protein and calcium on the skeleton of young undernourished rats. The data for the study were obtained from physical properties of bone, from microradiographs of various parts of femur and histological sections of the bone. There were significant associations between a low protein intake and low bone mass, irrespective of calcium intake, and between a high protein intake and a high bone density at a normal calcium content of the diet. The influence of dietary protein on the composition of the bone was dependent on the calcium intake. Reduction in the protein level was associated with less trabecular bone and reduction in the calcium reduced mainly the amount of cortical bone.