Early Optimization Stages of Agave lechuguilla Bagasse Processing toward Biorefinement: Drying Procedure and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Flavonoid Extraction (original) (raw)
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Plants, 2021
Agave lechuguilla waste biomass (guishe) is an undervalued abundant plant material with natural active compounds such as flavonoids. Hence, the search and conservation of flavonoids through the different productive areas have to be studied to promote the use of this agro-residue for industrial purposes. In this work, we compared the proportion of total flavonoid content (TFC) among the total polyphenolics (TPC) and described the variation of specific flavonoid profiles (HPLC-UV-MS/MS) of guishe from three locations. Descriptive environmental analysis, using remote sensing, was used to understand the phytochemical variability among the productive regions. Furthermore, the effect of extractive solvent (ethanol and methanol) and storage conditions on specific flavonoid recovery were evaluated. The highest TPC (16.46 ± 1.09 GAE/g) was observed in the guishe from region 1, which also had a lower normalized difference water index (NDWI) and lower normalized difference vegetation index (ND...
Food Engineering Reviews, 2020
Agave bagasse is a waste material generated during agave sap collection for "pulque" production. This residue is a potential feedstock for steroidal saponins and other phytochemicals. Ultrasonically assisted extraction (UAE) allows the use of green solvents such as water or ethanol for phytochemicals recovery. The influence of solvent composition and its effect on the intensity of the ultrasonic field during the UAE of agave bagasse saponins were evaluated. The best extraction conditions were a temperature of 60 °C (T) and a solvent-to-mass ratio of 20 (S/M), for conventional and UAE. In contrast to conventional extraction, where mixtures of ethanol-water were more efficient, water was the best extraction solvent in UAE. The amount of saponins obtained without ultrasound in 58% ethanol (22.48 ± 1.34 mg PE/g dw) was similar to the amount obtained by UAE in water (24.41 ± 0.84 mg PE/g dw). When only water was used, the ultrasound intensity was higher (271.40 ± 11.91 W/L) than in ethanol mixtures (144.81-202.30 W/L) due to cavitation intensity, demonstrated in a test on aluminum foil and SEM images of exhausted bagasse. Despite lower chemical affinity of water for saponins, its lower vapor pressure and viscosity, as well as higher surface tension, compared with ethanol, provided a greater cavitation intensity. Therefore, UAE using water is an excellent alternative to recover bioactive compounds from agave bagasse.
Phenolics extraction from Agave americana (L.) leaves using high-temperature, high-pressure reactor
Food and Bioproducts Processing
The Agave americana plant has been largely used in traditional medicine. The setting up of efficient methods for phenolics extraction from A. americana leaves is one of great interest. With the aim of optimizing phenolics extraction from this material, the effects of temperature (from 25 to 150 • C) and extraction time (from 15 to 240 min) were investigated using a high-temperature, high-pressure (PARR) reactor, under either air or nitrogen atmosphere. Total polyphenols and flavonoids were determined, and their antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH radical method. The use of PARR reactor for phenolics extraction proved to be more efficient compared to the conventional solid-liquid extraction at room temperature. The results of this work demonstrated that an increase in both temperature and extraction time led to a corresponding increase in the amount of phenolic compounds extracted and suggested that, after process optimization, this material could be used as an interesting alternative source of polyphenols.
LWT - Food Science and Technology, 2015
Flavonoid compounds from grapefruit wastes were obtained by conventional solidliquid extraction (CE) and ultrasound assisted extraction (USE). Naringin was by far the most abundant flavonoid in the extracts ranging from 18-28 mg/g dw for CE and 24-36 mg/g dw for USE. Response surface methodology allowed obtaining predictive models for total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) as a function of the process variables ethanol concentration (EtC) (defined as weight of ethanol/weight of solution), temperature (T) and time (t) with reasonable success (CE-TPC, R 2 =0.86, CE-TAA, R 2 =0.85; USE-TPC, R 2 =0.82; USE, TAA, R 2 =0.86). USE was very effective when compared with conventional solvent extraction, allowing higher extraction yields (on average TPC 50% and TAA 66% higher) with lower temperatures and extraction times. Although the optimum process conditions indicate the use of a low ethanol concentration and ultrasounds (T=25ºC, EtC=0.4 (g/g) (40 g/100 g) and t=55 min leading to TPC=80.0 mg GAE/g dw and TAA=38.3 mmol trolox/g dw), it has been proved that an USE treatment free of organic solvent (EtC=0 g/g), at moderate temperature (25ºC) and short time (t=3 min) leads to similar results (TPC=75.3 mg GAE/g dw and TAA=31.9 mmol trolox/g dw), suggesting its use for economic and environmental purposes.
Food Science and Technology (Campinas), 2017
The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) at different ultrasound power densities (UPDs; 40, 80, and 120 mW/mL) and solid:liquid (S:L) ratio (1:2, 1:3, and 1:6) on the extraction of carbohydrates from Agave tequilana plant of different ages were evaluated. Extracts obtained (6-and 7-year-old plant) were analyzed in the yield of carbohydrates (YC), fructan (FRU) content, simple sugars, fructan profile and the average degree of polymerization (DP n). UPD, S:L ratio, and plant age all affected YC, FRU, and DP n. Maximum YC and FRU were obtained from the older agave with UPD and S:L ratio of 120 mW/mL and 1:6, respectively; while glucose, fructose, and sucrose were highly released from the younger plant. Agave of 7-year-old presented the highest DP n. Fructan degradation occurred at high UPD, increasing the simple sugars and decreasing the DP n. Thermal-traditional extraction without sonication caused more fructan degradation; and overall, ultrasound enhanced fructan extraction and minimized fructan damage, representing a technological alternative for fructan extraction from agave.
Environmental Technology and Innovation, 2023
Sugarcane bagasse is most directly used as fuel; therefore, its economic value is not maximized. Steam explosion and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was investigated to develop an effective process for the production of valuable phenolic compounds from sugarcane bagasse lignin. The influence of steam explosion (temperatures: 190, 200 and 210°C, and times: 5, 10, 15 and 20 min) as well as UAE (solvent types: 95% ethanol, 70% ethanol, distilled water and ethyl acetate, and conditionspowers: 20, 40 and 60 W, and times: 3, 6 and 9 min) was explored. The yield, total phenolic content (TPC), and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of the extract increased with increasing temperature and time, but beyond 10 min at 210°C, a negative impact was observed. The optimal UAE (40 W and 6 min) using 95% ethanol gave the highest TPC (29.11 mg gallic acid equivalent/g), the highest TEAC (82.54 mg TE/g), and the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration (1.77 mg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus TISTR029 and (7.10 mg/mL) against Escherichia coli O157:H7. The free radical scavenging activity of the extract was comparable to that of ascorbic acid. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, syringic acid, and sinapic acid. The advantage of UAE over maceration was 10 times shorter time. The results indicated that the phenolic compounds from sugarcane bagasse lignin had a potential use as a natural antioxidant and antibacterial, which caused a great impact on the sugar industry.
2021
Agave americana (A. americana) is a species that are considered as one of the most studied species and there are a large number of derived products, as well as applications of agave fibers. Here, we have exploited their applied potentialities through metabolic and biochemical abilities. In this case, we monitored the presence of terpenoides, phlobatanins, tannins, anthraquinone, puerarin, apigenin, carbohydrates and vitamin C. The proteins amount was estimated to be 8.13 mg.g − 1 (FM). In addition, the A. americana leave juice enzymological characterization consists of various enzymatic activities like protease (356 U. mL − 1) and α-amylase (264 U. mL − 1). The last one (AmyAga) was purified after two purification steps, their optimal activity is showed at 70 • C and pH 9. Eventually, those findings indicate their potential use in baking industry in which AmyAga upgrades some parameter's like elasticity index, baking strength, humidity and fall time. We note also that vitamin C inhibitory capability towards some enzymes such as glucosidases that was 3 folds higher than those of exhibiting against amylases.
International Journal of Food Properties
Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of avocado leaves (Persea americana (PA)) were determined by α,α-diphenyl-βpicrylhydrazyl, • NO, O 2 •-, and • OH radical capture and reducing power test. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry/electron spray ionization was used to identify 19 types of polyphenols, as flavan-3-ols and flavonol glycosides, in PA. Stability assays were performed to optimize conditions for preserving antioxidant activity and polyphenols during drying, thermal incubation, and storage of the extract. Extracts, obtained from leaves dried at 70°C or higher, showed lower values for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Compared with the values of leaves dried at 60°C or lower, these differences were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). Incubating PA in solution, at 40°C-100°C for up to 8 h, did not produce significant changes in total phenolic content or antioxidant activity. No statistically significant changes in the total phenolic content or antioxidant activity (p ≤ 0.05) occurred after storage at 4°C and 25°C for up to 10 months. PA was shown to possess diverse polyphenolic compounds with robust antioxidant activity. Precise control of drying temperature was an important parameter for maintaining high levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of PA.
Valorisation of goldenberry calyx: ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds
Food Science and Technology
The extraction of value-added compounds from agro-industrial wastes is important to reduce their environmental impact. In this research, the time for ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds obtained from goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.) calyx was first chosen. Subsequently, response surface methodology was used to optimise the effect of wave amplitude, liquid:solid ratio, and particle size on total phenol content and in vitro antioxidant capacity. Then, antioxidant capacity (DPPH, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and ferric reducing antioxidant power) was measured in the extract obtained under optimal conditions, and rutin flavanol was identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD. Analysis of polynomial models indicated adequate fit (p≤0.05) for phenolic content (R2=0.98) and antioxidant capacity (R2=0.91). Optimal amplitude (54%), liquid:solid ratio (33 mL/g), and particle size (213 µm) maximised the response of phenolic content (53 mg GAE/g) and ant...
Background: Many plants, particularly medicinal plants, have been extensively studied for their antioxidant activity in recent years. americanais one of the 500 more widely used medicinal plants in several countries. antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content and total flavonoids content of four different fractions (ethyl acetate, chlorof aqueous fraction). An experimental study was realized on the test. The total phenolic contents (TPC) and the total flavonoids contents (TFC) of the four different fractions were measured ciocalteu assay and aluminum trichloride 172.92±14.30 mg/100g of gallic acid equivalent of fraction. The total flavonoids content varied from 1.24 catechin equivalent. Conclusion : All extracts showed a good antioxidant capacity and ethyl acetate fraction from Kristel area showed the highest antioxidant capacity with a value of IC