NEMATICIDAL ACTIVITY OF ERITREAN WEED PLANTS AGAINST THE ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA (original) (raw)
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Evaluation of Botanicals Toxicants against Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in vitro
Asian Journal of Biology
The present experiment was carried out to investigate the nematostatic and nematicidal potential of aqueous extracts of six weed leaves viz., Ageratum conyzoides, Eichornia crassipes, Ipomoea carnea, Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, Acalypha indica and Trianthema portulacastrum against root-knot nematode, M. incognita in vitro. The eggs and second stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita were exposed to various concentrations viz., 1500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 500 ppm and 250 ppm of aqueous extracts of leaves. All the aqueous extracts damaged the eggs, reduced the hatching and caused paralysis and death of second stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita. The highest inhibition in hatching and maximum mortality occurred by using A. conyzoides followed by E. crassipes, I. carnea, N. plumbaginifolia, A. indica and the least was observed by using T. portulacastrum. It can be concluded that the degree of effectiveness was found directly proportional to the dilutions of extract. The 1500 ppm concentration of aqueous extract of all weeds was found to be highly effective against hatching and mortality of M. incognita as compared to other concentrations.
2017
Natural pesticides derived from plants are one of the best alternative approaches for the management of nematodes, as excessive use of chemicals eradicate beneficial organisms in the soil and disturb ecological equilibrium and ultimately cause environmental degradation. Six different weed plants viz., Achyranthes aspera L., Solanum xanthocarpum Schard. & JC wendl. Amaranthus spinosus L., Ranunculus pensylvanicus L.f., Cassia tora L., Oxalis stricta L. were collected from in and around the campus of the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. The nematode eggs and juveniles were exposed at 24, 48 and 72 h in different concentrations (S, S /2, S /10, S /100, S is the standard concentration and S/2, S/10, S/100 is the dilution of Standard solution) of weeds extracts. The plant extract of weeds S. xanthocarpum and A. aspera exhibited highly promising mortality (86-100%) after 72 h exposure period respectively, while the plant extract of O. stricta and C. tora exhibited minimum promising mor...
Background and Objective: Root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita is a catastrophic phytonematodes parasite causing enormous losses to wild as well as cultivated crops particularly vegetables. The objective of the study was to evaluate the nematicidal activity of leaf extracts of six different weed viz., Argemone mexicana, Achyranthes aspera, Ricinus communis, Acalypha indica, Parthenium hysterophorus and Trianthema portulacastrum were tested for phytochemical examination and against egg hatching and mortality of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita under in vitro condition. Materials and Methods: Leaves of six weeds were thoroughly washed. Weigh 25 g leaf and grind in mortar and pestle with 75 mL of distilled water. The egg masses and second stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita were exposed to 24, 48 and 72 h in various concentrations (S, S/2, S/10, S/100) of leaf extracts of the six different weeds. Phytochemicals analysis of A. mexicana and A. aspera was done manually. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS 17.00 software. Results: During the experiment, almost all the weeds species exhibited nematostatic as well as nematicidal potential. Leaf extracts of A. mexicana and A. aspera found to be highly toxic against the root-knot nematode. Standard concentration (S) of leaf extracts of A. mexicana and A. aspera showed highest hatching inhibition and J2 mortality of M. incognita. Conclusion: It is concluded that the inhibition of egg hatching and mortality of M. incognita juveniles may be due to the phytochemicals viz., alkaloids, flavanoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, phytosteroids and mucilage/gum present in the aqueous extract of the weeds. Egg inhibition and J2 mortality decreased with an increase in the dilution of all the extracts. There was a gradual decrease in egg hatching and increase in mortality rate of J2 of M. incognita with increasing in concentration of leaves extract and exposure time.
Italian Journal of Agronomy
Hundreds of highly toxic chemical pesticides and their conventional unsafe formulations of varying toxicities are used extensively to control pests, diseases, and weeds to increase agricultural production. The use of bio or botanical pesticides, which have been found effective, safe, and eco-friendly, could possibly provide a viable solution. Thus, the development and production of environment-friendly botanical pesticides and their water-based formulations, to replace the highly toxic agro-chemicals and unsafe formulations, has gained significant importance towards developing appropriate strategies for crop protection. The present study was aimed to evaluate the nematocidal nature of the aqueous extracts of Allium sativum, Urtica dioica, Sophora mollis, Ephedra intermedia, and Tanacetum baltistanicum. For this purpose, the plant material was dried in shade and mechanically ground into a powder form. The methanolic extracts of each plant sample were obtained and further extracted in...
2015
Nematicidal activities of leaf extracts of four selected toxic plants (Aerva lanata, Eclipta alba, Cassia tora and Quisqualis indica) were analysed against the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. These plant leaves were collected from Nallatharai village near Aruppukottai area. The plant leaves were shade dried and powdered. The plant extracts were prepared by soxhlet apparatus using methanol as a solvent. Methanol extracts of four plants were screened for egg hatchability and nematicidal activity against second stage juveniles of M. incognita in the laboratory. The nematode egg and juveniles exposed 24, 48 and 72 h in different concentrations (5 25 ppm) of plant extracts. The plant extracts of Aerva lanata and Eclipta alba exhibited highly promising mortality 70-73% after 72 h exposure when compared with other two leaf extracts. There was a gradual decrease in egg hatching with increase in leaf extract concentration. Aerva lanata and Eclipta alba were found to be most effect...
Nematicidal Activity of Plant Extracts Against the Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
The Open Natural Products Journal, 2009
Nematicidal activity of extracts from plants was assayed against Meloidogyne incognita. In laboratory assays extracts from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L), clove (Syzygium aromaticum L), betelvine (Piper betle L), and sweet flag (Acorus calamus L) were most effective in killing the nematode, with an EC 50 that was 5-10 times lower than the EC 50 of the synthetic pesticides chlorpyrifos, carbosulfan and deltamethrin. The shapes of the dead nematodes differed in a characteristic way, and groups of pesticides and plant extracts could clearly be distinguished based on this phenomenon, which may be an indicator for the modes of action of the tested pesticides. In a greenhouse bioassay clove bud and betelvine were tested as mulch. Experiments revealed that the total number of live nematodes on roots of pepper plants treated with mulch of the clove bud was 7% of that of the controls and did not differ significantly from that of plants treated with the recommended synthetic pesticide carbofuran. The application of clove buds as a botanical pesticide for future use against nematodes is highly promising since clove is the 6 th major plant grown on Bangka Island, and the market value of clove has decreased sharply over the last years.
Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia
Root-knot nematode, (Meloidogyne spp) are among the serious and wide spread nematode pests attacking various economically important crops. Reduction in the quantity and quality of the crop produces results in decline in net profits. Several control practices of nematode management viz cultural methods, physical control, biological control, chemical control, use of resistant varieties etc. have been found highly effective against different nematodes. But each has its own merits and demerits But farmer mainly relied on chemical nematicides because it effectively kill nematodes in soil. Chemical control, though gives quick control but these chemicals are not only expensive but also caused severe environmental hazards. Some fumigant nematicides have been banned
Natural pesticides derived from plants are one of the best alternative approaches for the management of nematodes, as excessive use of chemicals eradicate beneficial organisms in the soil and disturb ecological equilibrium and ultimately cause environmental degradation. Six different weed plants viz., Achyranthes aspera L., Solanum xanthocarpum Schard. & JC wendl. Amaranthus spinosus L., Ranunculus pensylvanicus L.f., Cassia tora L., Oxalis stricta L. were collected from in and around the campus of the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. The nematode eggs and juveniles were exposed at 24, 48 and 72 h in different concentrations (S, S /2, S /10, S /100, S is the standard concentration and S/2, S/10, S/100 is the dilution of Standard solution) of weeds extracts. The plant extract of weeds S. xanthocarpum and A. aspera exhibited highly promising mortality (86-100%) after 72 h exposure period respectively, while the plant extract of O. stricta and C. tora exhibited minimum promising mortality (48-52%) after 24 h of exposure period respectively. There was a gradual decrease in egg hatching with an increase in the concentration of aqueous extracts of weeds. A. aspera, S. xanthocarpum and A. spinosus were found to be most effective in reducing egghatching and increase in mortality of second stage juveniles of M. incognita. Efficacy of treatments improved with increase in their concentration and exposure period. Hatching of larvae and juvenile mortality were strongly influenced by concentration of plants extract. Keywords: Egghatching, Juvenile mortality, Meloidogyne incognita, Plant extract
Efficiency of Some Plant Extracts in the Control of Root-Knot Nematodes Meloidogyne SPP
Fayoum Journal of Agricultural Research and Development
Nematicidal activities of leaf or root extracts of four selected medicinal plants (Azaddirachta indica L., Moringa oleifera L., Lantana camara L., and Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) were tested against the larvae of the root-knot nematode; Meloidogyne spp. Leaves of each of A. indica, M. oleifera, and L. camara and roots of G. glabra were air-dried, grinded then extracted by the appropriate organic solvent. The nematode juveniles were exposed to these extracts at concentrations 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 ppm for 24, 48 or 72 hs. A. indica extract was the most effective in increasing larval mortality, followed by M. oleifera extract. There was a gradual increase in larval mortality with increasing the extract concentration and the duration of exposure. Being the most effective, the crude extract of A. indica was analyzed for the effective ingredients by using GC/MS. The active chemical constituents were Hexane,
In vitro Nematicidal Activity of Ten Plant Extracts Against Juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita
Egyptian Journal of Agronematology, 2015
The nematicidal potential of aqueous leaf extracts of ten plant species distributed in agricultural lands in Yemen were assessed against second stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita in laboratory. The juveniles were exposed to 6, 12, 24 and 48 hrs in three concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50%) of leaf extracts. Leaf extracts of Datura stramonium, Peganum harmala, Datura innoxia, Argemone mexicana and Nicotiana glauca were effective in causing juvenile mortality, while leaf extracts of the other five plant species, Azadirachta indica, Catha edulis, Solanum incanum, Tagetes minuta and Withania somnifera showed no or little nematode mortality (< 30 %) even at 50 % concentration and 48 hrs exposure time. The juveniles mortality was increased with increase of concentration and exposure time. Hundred percent juveniles mortality was observed at the modest concentration (25%) of leaf extracts of D. stramonium and D. innoxia after 24 and 48hrs, respectively. Whereas 100 % mortality of juveniles was found at highest concentration (50%) in leaf extract of D. stramonium after 12 hrs and in leaf extracts of D. innoxia, P. harmala and N. glauca after 24 hrs or after 48 hrs in case of leaf extracts of A. mexicana. Leaf extract of D. stramonium achieved the highest mortality percentage at different concentrations and was significantly (p≤0.05) superior over the rest of the extracts applied over time.