GCMS and FTIR analysis of ethanol and methanol leave extract of Urena lobata (Caesar weed) for bioactive phytochemical constituents (original) (raw)

Abstract

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ This study was designed to apply the highly sophisticated biological and chemical characterization techniques-(GC-MS) Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and FTIR spectroscopy to screen for bioactive phytocompounds present in ethanol and methanol extracts of U. lobata .The leaves of the plant were collected from a farm in Umuode village in Osisioma Ngwa local government area of Abia state, Nigeria. Ethanol and methanol extracts of the leaves were prepared and analyzed using Buck M910 Gas chromatography system with HP-5MS column (30m in length x250µm in diameter x 0.25µm in thickness film). Analysis of functional groups in the phytocompounds were done using Buck scientific M530 USA FTIR.12 vibrational functional groups were revealed by the FTIR screening in the ethanol and methanol extracts of U. lobata leaves. Some of the functional groups were indicative of alcohols, phenols, aromatic compounds, unsaturated hydrocarbons, vinyl ethers, amines, isonitriles and aliphatic compounds. GC-MS analysis of the ethanol leaf extract revealed 41 bioactive compounds with the following being most abundant, 9-octadecenoic acid(16.8%), dodecenoic acid(13.43%),n-hexadecanoic acid(11.73%), octadecanoic acid (9.78%), 1docosene(9.57%) while the methanol extract revealed 47 bioactive compounds with the following having the highest abundance, n-hexadecanoic acid (26.65%) and (9.11%), dodecanoic acid(6.89%), 1-docosene(6.06%), erucic acid(4.09%).These phytocompounds and many others present in the leaf have been reported to possess multiple therapeutic activities. This therefore explains the use of this leaf in ancient medicine to treat numerous disease conditions. It further implies that the leaf could be exploited for the formulation of therapeutic molecules.

Figures (22)

Cite this article as: Keke CO, Nsofor WN, Kumabia FKR, Iloabuchi GC, Ejiofor JC, Osuagwu OL, GCMS and FTIR analysis of ethanol and methanol leave extract of Urena lobata (Caesar weed) for bioactive phytochemical constituents, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2023; 13(1):99-115 1 Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria Collins Obinna Keke(*1, Winifred Njideka Nsofor™, Francis Koku Ras Kumabia™2, Godian Chir Hoabuchi®™", Juliet Chioma Ejiofor’™, Olachi Lilian Osuagwu)

Cite this article as: Keke CO, Nsofor WN, Kumabia FKR, Iloabuchi GC, Ejiofor JC, Osuagwu OL, GCMS and FTIR analysis of ethanol and methanol leave extract of Urena lobata (Caesar weed) for bioactive phytochemical constituents, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2023; 13(1):99-115 1 Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria Collins Obinna Keke(*1, Winifred Njideka Nsofor™, Francis Koku Ras Kumabia™2, Godian Chir Hoabuchi®™", Juliet Chioma Ejiofor’™, Olachi Lilian Osuagwu)

Figure 1: GC-MS Chromatogram of ethanol extract of U. lobata leaves

Figure 1: GC-MS Chromatogram of ethanol extract of U. lobata leaves

TABLE 1: BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN U. LOBATA ETHANOL LEAVE EXTRACT BY GC-MS

TABLE 1: BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN U. LOBATA ETHANOL LEAVE EXTRACT BY GC-MS

TABLE 2: BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN U. LOBATA METHANOL LEAVE EXTRACT BY GC-MS

TABLE 2: BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN U. LOBATA METHANOL LEAVE EXTRACT BY GC-MS

Table 3: FTIR peak values and functional groups of ethanol extract of U.lobata leaves

Table 3: FTIR peak values and functional groups of ethanol extract of U.lobata leaves

Table 4: FTIR peak values and functional groups of methanol extract of U.lobata leaves

Table 4: FTIR peak values and functional groups of methanol extract of U.lobata leaves

TABLE 6: ACTIVITIES OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN U. LOBATA METHANOL LEAVE EXTRACT

TABLE 6: ACTIVITIES OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN U. LOBATA METHANOL LEAVE EXTRACT

Figure 5: Percentage Abundance of Classes of phytocompounds in of U. lobata ethanol leave extract

Figure 5: Percentage Abundance of Classes of phytocompounds in of U. lobata ethanol leave extract

Figure 6: Percentage Abundance of Classes of phytocompounds in U. lobata methanol leave extract

Figure 6: Percentage Abundance of Classes of phytocompounds in U. lobata methanol leave extract

Figure 7: Whole plant of U. lobata

Figure 7: Whole plant of U. lobata

Table 7: Bioactive compounds common to ethanol and methanol extracts of U.lobata leaves

Table 7: Bioactive compounds common to ethanol and methanol extracts of U.lobata leaves

Key takeaways

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  1. GC-MS analysis identified 41 bioactive compounds in ethanol extract and 47 in methanol extract of U. lobata.
  2. Most abundant compounds included n-hexadecanoic acid (26.65%) in methanol extract and 9-octadecenoic acid (16.8%) in ethanol extract.
  3. FTIR screening revealed 12 functional groups associated with diverse bioactivities in both extracts.
  4. The study aims to characterize phytochemicals in U. lobata for potential therapeutic applications.
  5. Ethanol and methanol extraction solvents influenced the yield and variety of bioactive compounds present.

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