Maritime Bordering Practices in Indonesia: Immigration Border Clearance Challenges (original) (raw)
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Maritime border security and challenges for Indonesia
Geografia - Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 2019
The issue of border security had drawn much attention for being an important part of a country's national security and sovereignty, in addition to its dynamic and complex nature. Indonesia as an archipelagic country faces many problems and challenges in its maritime border areas, in addition to the problems of unresolved state borders with its neighboring countries. Indonesia also faces various trans-boundary crime actions near the maritime border areas. This study aimed at developing a conceptual framework of maritime border security and explaining the challenges of maritime border security. This study applied the qualitative approach by focusing on secondary data. The secondary data were obtained by means of analyses of documents, books, journals, magazines, bulletins and newspaper, including internet sources that were relevant with this study. The findings of this study show that Indonesia faced dynamic and complex problems of maritime border security, not only the problems of unsettled borders with several neighboring countries, but also many trans-boundary criminal activities in its maritime border areas. The problems of overlapping regulations and institutions added up to the problems to cope with the problems of maritime border security. This study recommends that the government of Indonesia needs to intensify the border diplomacy regarding the maritime borders with the neighboring countries in order to reach delimitation agreements of its maritime border. Further, the government of Indonesia should do immediate reorganization of regulations and institutions of maritime border security to handle all forms of trans-boundary crimes.
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Some challenges appear in this issue that the Indonesian border agencies indicate weaknesses in coordination, fragmented policy instruments, and disputes in implementing laws. There has little evidence in the previous study about the integration of border agencies in Indonesia and perspectives on the establishment of immigration and customs agencies. The questions may arise how important is the integrated border agencies is in the reform agenda in public sectors and bureaucracy from the perspectives of border officers. This study is to figure out the perspectives of border officers on the integration of two border authorities in Indonesia and what the ideal integration should be. This paper provides solutions for some issues of border protection in Indonesia with survey research and a step-by-step process of integration. This paper finds most immigration and customs officers at border controls exposed the importance of an integration initiative between the Directorate General of Imm...
Indonesia’s Maritime Governance
The Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law
Since President Joko Widodo took office in 2014, he has placed maritime governance at the top of his agenda, as evidenced by the introduction of his vision on Indonesia as a ‘global maritime fulcrum’. This article discusses how his administration has been working towards such a goal. First, it provides an overview of Indonesian laws related to maritime governance. Second, it looks at the institutions responsible for administering, enforcing, and/or applying those laws and how they have been performing their functions. Third, it explores how those institutions cooperate with external parties in four areas of Indonesia’s major interest at present: maritime security; safety of navigation; protection of the marine environment; and illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. Lastly, this article also discusses the challenges faced by the State in governing its maritime affairs and offers suggestions for a better maritime governance.
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Good management of international relations has been a major concern of Indonesia's foreign policy since the country's independence. The character of the nation and state leaders is often the determining factor that causes relations between countries in a situation full of uncertainty. Some parties, based on the analysis of confidential documents, are allegedly trying to influence the policies of their respective countries to give recognition to Papuan independence and sovereignty. Based on Presidential Regulation No. 16 of 2017 concerning the Indonesian Maritime Policy dated February 20, 2017, Indonesia's geographical and demographic conditions will have consequences for the emergence of the real challenges for Indonesia that must be managed comprehensively. Specifically, in Papua, referring to data from the Navy of 2019, at least in the last period more than 50 (fifty) transnational crime and intrastate conflicts (communal conflicts and separatist movements) occurred in...
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Proceedings of the 1st MICOSS Mercu Buana International Conference on Social Sciences, MICOSS 2020, September 28-29, 2020, 2021
This paper aims to describe Indonesia's border security policy in the Natuna Islands between 2014 and 2020. The state used to play an active role in moderating tensions in the South China Sea, yet paid less attention to its own security while the Natuna was one of the vulnerable borderlines. The rise of domestic interest orientation in the new presidency of Joko Widodo brought about the importance of border security. The research applied the qualitive method with a descriptive analysis. In order to understand the border security policy in the Natuna, the research applied Wendtian constructivist approach suggesting the role of identity and institution to analyze the state's behavior and policy in international politics. The research found that Indonesia increased military and defense capability as the form of its border security policy in the Natuna made up by deploying troops and military equipment, building defense infrastructure, and strengthening constabulary function and boarding patrols. Such border security policy portrays Indonesia's rising awareness as a maritime state amid the perceived regional structure of East Asia.
Remodelling Indonesia’s Maritime Law Enforcement Architecture: Theoretical and Policy Considerations
Contemporary Southeast Asia, 2022
Indonesia, the world's largest archipelagic state, tends to punch below its weight in regional maritime affairs. Part of the explanation for this puzzle lies in Indonesia's underdeveloped and ineffective maritime governance system. This article seeks to develop ways to overhaul Indonesia's maritime governance by focusing on one specific but potentially strategic area: maritime law enforcement in the country's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The article analyses the institutional challenges surrounding Indonesia's EEZ maritime law enforcement and develops theoretical models and policy options drawn from the experiences of other Asian maritime states. It argues that Indonesia needs to move from its current "division of labour" model, where there are multiple agencies with multiple tasks, to a "unified command" model, where different maritime assets are unified under a single operational command. The article suggests that Indonesia should consider a "dual agency" architecture where the Indonesian Navy and the Maritime Security Agency become the two primary EEZ maritime law enforcement authorities. The article aims to contribute to broader debates surrounding maritime security governance and Indonesia's future trajectory as a maritime power in the Indo-Pacific.
Jurnal Pertahanan Maritime Boundary Management and Border Area to Increase Sovereignty Indonesian
Keywords: Land Boundaries, Maritime Boundaries, Seabed, Air, Law Enforcement, Sovereignty, Indonesia. With the acceptation of UNCLOS 1982 by countries in the world, the Indonesia's sovereign territories from the sea and the air have been increased ten times; hence, the Indonesian authorities on natural resources and other authorities have been widened dramatically. To use the widened and varied of natural resources, and to defend the unity of territories and the rights of Indonesian from the sea and the air, besides on the land, it needs a clear state's boundaries on land and maritime border, seabed, and the air, and the increased ability of law enforcement and state's defense that is widened and varied. Corresponding Author: hdh@cbn.net.id Dengan diterimanya UNCLOS 1982 oleh dunia, maka wilayah kedaulatan NKRI ke laut dan ke udara telah meningkat puluhan kali lipat; lebih luas lagi kewenangan NKRI atas kekayaan alam dan kewenangan lainnya telah bertambah pula dengan san...
Law Enforcement At Sea Hinders Sea Toll Program Towards Indonesia As A Global Maritime State
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The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze obstacles to shipping activities and solutions for law enforcement at sea to support shipping activities/sea tolls programs. The specification of this research is descriptive analytical, and the approach to the problem is carried out in a normative juridical manner, to examine national and international laws and regulations in the shipping sector. The data used are secondary data from primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials, which are collected through literature study, and analyzed using qualitative analysis methods, and presented described descriptively. The results of the study indicate that the obstacles in shipping activities/sea tolls programs are the many law enforcement agencies at sea which have overlapping authority to stop and inspect ships at sea, so the best solution is to have an integrated security system under one civil institution to be effective and efficien to support ...
2018
Indonesia is not currently facing the traditional threat of facing a possible war with Timor Leste. Both countries are building good relationships with various bilateral cooperation in various fields. Border area development policy covers two aspects of development, namely prosperity and security. Nowadays, the view of border management begins to develop by rejecting the assumption that security must be achieved through the accumulation of forces. On the contrary, the foundation of security is social justice and economic prosperity. Security is when the society is liberated from poverty and free from fear. Not by force and certain security arrangements that tend to limit the society freedom. The purpose of this study is to review the management of maritime border between Indonesia (Maluku Province) and RDTL (Timor Leste) for evaluation of border handling that has been done. The methodology undertaken is the literature review by study of border conditions and various opinions on border area governance. Marine border areas in general, still need more intensive management because there are various problems with neighboring countries.