Influence of Postcombustion Temperature Profiles on the Formation of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBzs, and PCBs in a Pilot Incinerator (original) (raw)

Abstract

A laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor fueled by a synthetic waste was used to study the influence of the flue gas temperature profile after the combustor on the formation of chlorinated aromatic compounds. An experimental plan of full factorial design involving the variables temperature and residence time was chosen for the experiments. Flue gas samples with residence time in the cooling section of the reactor between 0.9 and 2.9 s were collected at temperatures between 260 and 510 "C. Response surface models describing the formation of toxic equivalents of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and benzenes as a function of temperature and residence time were constructed from the analytical results. The samples were also analyzed for non-ortho-polychlorinated biphenyls. The results show that all the above compounds exhibit a similar dependency on temperature and residence time. The highest levels were obtained at 340 "C and 2.9-s residence time, and the lowest levels were obtained under conditions of rapid quenching of the flue gas temperature to 260 "C.

Loading...

Loading Preview

Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.

References (33)

  1. Abbreviations: PCDDs, polychlorinated dibenzo-p- dioxins; PCDFs, Polychlorinated dibenzofurans; MSW, municipal solid waste; PCBz, polychlorinated benzenes;
  2. PAHs, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, PCBs, polychlorinated biphenyls; SP, sampling port; Tf, temperature monitoring place in the freeboard; Tk, temperature monitoring place in the cooling section; HRGC/HRMS, high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry; t residence time in the cooling section of the reactor;
  3. T,, sampling temperature; I-TEQ, toxic equivalents, calcu- lated according t o the international model. Literature Cited
  4. Olie, K.; Vermuelen, P. L.; Hutzinger, 0. Chemosphere 1977, (2) Buser, H. R.; Bosshardt, H. P.; Rappe, C. Chemosphere
  5. Altwicker, E. A. Sci. Total Environ. 1991, 104, 47-72.
  6. Vogg, H.; Metzger, M.; Stieglitz, L. Waste Manage. Res.
  7. Vogg, H.; Stieglitz, L. Chemosphere 1986, 15, 1373-1378.
  8. Vogg, H.; Stieglitz, L. Chemosphere 1987, 16, 1917-1922.
  9. Hagenmaier, H.; Kraft, M.; Brunner, H.; Haag, R. Environ.
  10. Hutzinger, 0.; Blumlich, M. J.; van den Berg, M.; Olie, K. (9) Goldfarb, T. D. Chemosphere 1989, 18, 1051-1055. 6, 455. 1978, 7, 105. 1987,5, 285-294.
  11. Sci. Technol. 1987,21, 1080-1084.
  12. Chemosphere 1985, 14, 58-64.
  13. Hay, D. J.; Finkelstein, A.; Klicius, R. Chemosphere 1986,
  14. Tanaka, M.; Watanabe, I.; Hiroka, M.; Takizawa, Y.; Masudo, Y.; Takeshita, R.; Yagome, K. Chemosphere 1989,
  15. Yamamoto, T.; Inoue, S.; Sawachi, M. Chemosphere 1989,
  16. Benefanti, E.; Mariani, G.; Fanelli, R.; Farneti, A. Chemo-
  17. Shaub, W. M.; Tsang, W. Enuiron. Sci. Technol. 1983,17,
  18. Lasagni, M.; Moro, D.; Pitea, D.; Stieglitz, L. Chemosphere
  19. Murabayashi, M.; Moesta, H. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992,
  20. Altwicker, E. A.; Schonberg, J. S.; Konduri, R. K. N.V.; Milligan, M. S. Hazard. Waste Hazard. Mater. 1990, 7,
  21. Stieglitz, L.; Vogg, H. Chemosphere 1987,8/9,1917-1922.
  22. Greenberg, R. R.; Zoller, W. H.; Gordon, G. E. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1978, 12, 566-573.
  23. Fiingmark,I.; Marklund, S.;Rappe, C.; Stromberg, B.; Berge, N. Chemosphere 1991,23, 1233-1243.
  24. Fangmark, I.; van Bavel B.; Marklund, S.; Rappe C.; Stromberg, B.; Berge, N. 1993, Environ. Sci. Technol. 27,
  25. Marklund, S.; Fiingmark, I.; Rappe, C.; Berge, N.; Stromberg, B. Chemosphere 1990,20, 1859-1866.
  26. Fangmark, I. Formation of chlorinated organic compounds during incineration-an application of statistical experi- mental design. Doctoral Thesis, University of UmeFi, UmeB, Sweden, 1993.
  27. Box, G. E. P.; Hunter, W. G.; Hunter, J. S. Statistics for experimenters; Wiley: New York, Chichester, Brisbane and Toronto, 1978.
  28. Fangmark, I.; Wikstrom, L.-E.; Marklund, S.; Rappe, C. Chemosphere 1990,20, 1333-1340.
  29. Marklund, S. Dioxin emission and environmental imission. A study of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzo- furans in combustion processes. Doctoral Thesis, University of UmeB, UmeFi, Sweden, 1990.
  30. van Bavel B.; Fiingmark, I.; Marklund, S.; Soderstrom, G.; Ljung, K.; Rappe, C. Organohalogen Compounds; Aitio, A., Ed.; Painotalo MIKTOR: Helsinki, Finland, 1992; Vol. 8,
  31. Boske, J.; Lahl, U.; Ehmann, J.; Kurz, R. Staub Reinhalt
  32. Tysklind, M.; Fiingmark, I.; Marklund, S.; Lindskog, A,, Thaning, L.; Rappe, C. Environ Sci Technol, 1993,27,2190- 2197.
  33. Schwartz, L.; Stieglitz, L.; Roth, R. Organohalogen com- pounds; Hutzinger, 0.; Fiedler, H.; Eds.; ECO-Informa Press: Bayreuth, Germany, 1990; Vol. 3, pp 169-172. 15, 1201-1212. 18, 321-328. 19, 271-276. sphere 1991,23, 715-722. 721-730. 1991,23, 1245-1253. 26, 797-802. 73-87. 1602-1610. pp 225-228.