The Laboratory Study of Metallurgical Slags and the Reality (original) (raw)
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A new approach for the study of slag–metal interface in steelmaking
Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 2006
The main focus of the present work was to develop a sampler to obtain the physical description of the slag-metal interface in the presence of bulk flow. Industrial trial experiments were carried out in the ladles at Uddeholm Tooling, Hagfors, Sweden using the designed sampler. Samples of the slag-metal interface were successfully taken in both gas stirring and induction stirring modes. The similarities of the appearance as well as the micrographs of the samples suggested that the slag-metal interfaces in the two stirring modes were very similar except in the open eye area. In the case of both stirring modes, metal droplets were found in the slag bulk. On the other hand, no appreciable amount of slag was detected in the metal bulk. Further systematic investigation using a large number of samples is required to obtain a quantitative description of the interface.
Understanding the Properties of Slags
ISIJ International, 2013
Understanding of the properties of slags is a prerequisite in optimizing their functions towards the making and refining of steel. Important contributions towards this objective have been made over the past half a century, in different parts of the world, especially in USA, UK, Germany and most of all in Japan. Knowledge of the slag properties enables in understanding the slag structure as well. The present review paper summarizes the contributions made in this field by the Division of Materials Process Science, Royal
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Steel slag is a byproduct of the steelmaking and steel refining processes. This paper provides an overview of the different types of steel slag that are generated from basic-oxygen-furnace (BOF) steelmaking, electric-arc-furnace (EAF) steelmaking, and ladle-furnace steel refining processes. The mineralogical and morphological properties of BOF and electric-arc-furnace-ladle [EAF(L)] slag samples generated from two steel plants in Indiana were determined through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies. The XRD patterns of both BOF and EAF(L) slag samples were very complex, with several overlapping peaks resulting from the many minerals present in these samples. The XRD analyses indicated the presence of free MgO and CaO in both the BOF and EAF(L) slag samples. SEM micrographs showed that the majority of the sand-size steel slag particles had subangular to angular shapes. Very rough surface textures with distinct crystal structures were observed...
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Slags have a central role in pyro-metallurgical processes. They bind impurity compounds and absorb reaction products like oxides and sulfides. Functional slags are made by adding lime, magnesia, fluorspar, bauxite, calcium aluminate or other compounds into the reactor vessel where they form the slag together with the targeted reaction products. Additionally, refractory materials of the vessel tend to dissolve into the slag and thus influence its properties. Converter process for steelmaking is a rapid process and slag formation is extremely essential to ensure slag’s metallurgical functions and to avoid harmful reactions with the refractory materials. In this contribution, the progress of understanding the phenomena controlling slag formation and means to promote it were shortly reviewed. Thermodynamic constraints in slag formation were examined and the influence of fluxing additions was experimentally stated. Prefabricated “self-fluxing” lime was tested in industrial scale and prov...
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2012
Karel Gryc1, Karel Stránský2, Karel Michalek1, Zdenìk Winkler3, Jan Morávka4, Markéta Tkadle~ková1, Ladislav Socha1, Jiøí Ba`an1, Jana Dobrovská5, Simona Zlá5 1V[B – Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Department of Metallurgy and Foundry, Czech Republic 2Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Czech Republic 3Military Technical Institute of Protection in Brno, Czech Republic 4MATERIÁLOVÝ A METALURGICKÝ VÝZKUM s. r. o., Czech Republic 5V[B – Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry and Theory of Technological Processes, Czech Republic karel.gryc@vsb.cz
STUDY OF IRON AND STEEL SLAG AS A PRODUCT WITH RESPECT TO PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, 2017
This paper review the generation of slag from an integrated steel plant; focusing on, slag generated in blast furnace during process of iron making and through EAF / BOF during process of steel making .The slag generated from BF and EAF/BOF are having different characteristic. The different type of slag having different chemical and physical properties, this depends on the chemical properties of input raw material charged in process of iron/steel making and this slag used in different process as raw material. Blast Furnace slag production ranges from about 220 to 370 kilograms per metric ton of pig iron produced; although lower grade ores may yield much higher slag fractions. Steel making process in electric arc furnaces generates up to 15 % of slag, which is, based on its properties, classified as non-hazardous waste. Disposal of such material requires large surfaces and it is rather unfavorable in economic terms.
Overview of Steel Slag Application and Utilization
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2016
Significant quantities of steel slag are generated as waste material or byproduct every day from steel industries. Slag is produced from different types of furnaces with different operating conditions. Slag contains Ferrous Oxide, Calcium Oxide, Silica etc. Physical and chemical properties of slag are affected by different methods of slag solidification such as air cooled, steam, and injection of additives. Several material characterization methods, such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanned Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Inductive Coupled Plasma (ICP-OES) are used to determine elemental composition in the steel slag. Therefore, slags can become one of the promising materials in various applications such as in transportation industry, construction, cement production, waste water and water treatment. The various applications of steel slag indicate that it can be reused and utilized rather than being disposed to the landfill. This paper presents a review of its applications and utilization