Кросскультурное взаимодействие в эпоху развитого Средневековья в долине Северского Донца (по материалам керамического комплекса поселения Царино городище) (original) (raw)
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Древности 2010. - Харьков: Харьковское историко-археологическое общество ООО «НТМТ»
Slav population started to systematically settle on the territory of Severskiy Donets middle valley from XVI—XVII centuries. The main part of the population lived in military encampments. The development of the region under permanent threat of the Tatar invasion presupposed that population was highly militarized and needed firearms and special flint stocks. Numerous gunflint microlithos were found in the cultural strata of the XVI—XVIII centuries monuments (fortresses Kharkov, Chuguev, Tsareborisov, Tor, Verkhniy Saltov settlement, settlements Mokhnach–P, Vydylykha, Kazachya Pristan, Volkovoe). These microlithos were partially delivered from Moscow and partially were obviously produced in the local workshops. The problems of production, delivery and typology of gunflints from the XVI—XVIII centuries Donets archeological complexes are discussed in this article.
ANTIQUE CERAMIC IMPORT ON SETTLEMENTS OF SCYTHIAN TIME IN THE DON FOREST-STEPPE: CARTOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH In the article on the basis of the data obtained during excavation the author analyzes spatial distribution of ceramic import on household monuments of the 6th–3rd centuries BC in forest-steppe Podonye. This region is included into an area of Gorodetz and Scythian-like archaeological cultures. It is established that on settlements of Gorodetz culture import is practically absent. Fragments of products of the Greek potters (about 800 findings are considered) are present only on some settlements of Scythian-like culture. Mainly these are fragments of amphoras of various production centers (Bospor, Gerakley, Kos, Sinope, Fasos, etc.) and parts of table vessels (constitute less than 2 % of findings). On settlements a little antique ceramics is found, as a rule: some fragments, and usually even less than the share of 100 square meters of the dug-out area. The saturated layer allocates only three big hillforts (Storozhevoe, Voloshino, Kirovskoe) which were obviously large shopping centers. Mapping of the available data doesn't confirm the hypothesis of delivery of import which is earlier stated by researchers on the Don River. Existence of overland ways on which trade with the South was performed is more probable. An important communication role was played in the ancient time by water separate roads, known on medieval sources under the name of the Muravsky way. Its branch – the Kalmiussky sakma – passed just in the district of two hillforts (Voloshino, Kirovskoe) which are sharply allocated with quantity of the found fragments of amphoras.
2013
Lytvynenko R.A., Sanzharov S.N., Usachuk A.N. BONE DISC WITH CARPATHIAN-MYCENAEAN DECOR FROM THE MIDDLE REACHES OF THE SEVERSKY DONETS AND SOME QUESTIONS OF CHRONOLOGY OF TIMBER-GRAVE CULTURE In 2013, on the right bank of the middle reaches of the Seversky Donets River, near the village Shipylоvka (Lugansk region) the barrow of Bronze Age was excavated. In barrow, among others, was investigated the burial 1 of Timber-Grave culture. In the burial found a rare artifact – bone disk with the Carpathian-Mycenaean carved decoration. Mound’s stratigraphy and ritual characteristics can be attributed this burial to II (Middle) chronological horizon of Timber-Grave culture. This conclusion is confirmed by materials of settlements of Timber-Grave culture in Seversky Donets basin (Ilichivka, Kapitanove I), where similar bone artifacts, as well as other artifacts of carved bone (cheekpieces, finials, rings, bushings etc.) with Carpathian-Mycenaean ornaments were found. On the mentioned settlements and mound Shipilоvka ornamented bone artifacts are chronologically later than Pokrovsk horizons. Shipylоvka bone disc finds many analogies in the monuments of the Bronze Age of the Carpathian-Danube, the Peloponnesus and Asia Minor, such as Vatin-Vrsac culture and Fuzesabony culture, Mycenaean Shaft Graves 4 and 5, Tholos Tombs of Kakovatos (A) and Stafilos. Typological comparison with the closest analogies can synchronize ornamented disc from Shipylоvka with LH IIA period, that simultaneous with Central European B1a period on modified scheme of P. Reinecke. The latest research on the correlation of radiocarbon and historical dates (Hittite, Egyptian), allow us to date this period in the range of the second half of the XVI century BC with his possible ancientizing. Keywords: Bronze Age, Timber-Grave culture, chronology, trasology, Seversky Donets, Eastern Europe, the Carpathian-Danube, Mycenaean Greece