Three Essays on Food and Nutrition Security (original) (raw)

Letter to the editor Food and Nutritional Security, a Vital and Imprecise Concept

Alerta, Revista científica del Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2024

Food and nutritional security (FNS) is a vital concept because it is related to life, human rights and health; however, it induces a diversity of understandings and scopes because it can be considered an objective such as solving the problem of hunger and nutrition in the world; it can be an end or goal such as the search for safe food, or a paradigm from the political, economic, social, cultural, legal and from the sciences and technologies related to food. It has a multidimensional character that is expressed in the distance between the conceptual formulations in national and international public policies, as it also depends on the context and the formulations of academia, since it is a concept in continuous change.

Chapter 4 - Food Security

Agriculture and Food Security in OIC Member Countries 2020, 2020

[Selected sections from chapters in SESRIC's Agriculture and Food Security in OIC Member Countries 2020 coordinated by Mr. Mazhar Hussain]. Cite as: Qureshi, T. (2020). Food Security [Chapter 4]. In SESRIC, Agriculture and Food Security in OIC Member Countries 2020 (pp. 34-51). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=515 Abstract Eradication of hunger and malnutrition and making households more food secure are basic human rights protected under various international conventions and policy platforms and clearly emphasized in both the UN SDGs and the OIC-2025 Programme of Action. Hosting almost 175.98 million undernourished people, the challenge of food security in OIC countries takes on an added importance because it affects their overall developmental trajectory in both the short- and the long-terms. However, policies and programs aimed at ensuring food security often fail to realize the critical importance of tailoring interventions to national needs. Similar to the variations in the level of income and development amongst OIC member countries, the level of food security – or lack of it – is highly varied in OIC member countries. This is because food security is directly affected by factors including, but not limited to, difficult economic conditions, weak commodity prices, lack of adequate infrastructure, poverty, conflicts, adverse climatic conditions, and more recently, the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. Such factors can either prolong or worsen chronic and transitory food insecurity around the world. This in turn can prove catastrophic for food availability, access, stability, and utilization.

Western Australian food security project

BMC Public Health, 2007

The aim of the Western Australian (WA) Food Security Project was to conduct a preliminary investigation into issues relating to food security in one region within the Perth metropolitan area in Western Australia. The first phase of the project involved a food audit in one lower income area that was typical of the region, to identify the range, variety and availability of foods in the region.

Chapter 5. Food security

2019

5.1.1 Food security and insecurity, the food system and climate change ������������������������������ 442 5.1.2 Status of the food system, food insecurity and malnourishment ��������������������� 445 5.1.3 Climate change, gender and equity �������������������������� 446 Box 5.1: Gender, food security and climate change ������������������������������������������������������������������������� 447 5.1.4 Food systems in AR5, SR15, and the Paris Agreement ������������������������������������������������ 448 5.2 Impacts of climate change on food systems ������������ 450 5.2.1 Climate drivers important to food security ��������� 450 5.2.2 Climate change impacts on food availability ���� 451 5.2.3 Climate change impacts on access ��������������������������� 460 5.2.4 Climate change impacts on food utilisation ������� 462 5.2.5 Climate change impacts on food stability ������������ 464 5.3 Adaptation options, challenges and opportunities ��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 464 5.3.1 Challenges and opportunities �������������������������������������� 464 Box 5.2: Sustainable solutions for food systems and climate change in Africa �������������������� 465 5.3.2 Adaptation framing and key concepts �������������������� 466 Box 5.3: Climate change and indigenous food systems in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan Region ������������� 469 5.3.3 Supply-side adaptation ����������������������������������������������������� 470 5.3.4 Demand-side adaptation ������������������������������������������������� 472 5.3.5 Institutional measures ������������������������������������������������������ 473 5.3.6 Tools and finance ����������������������������������������������������������������� 475 5.4 Impacts of food systems on climate change ������������� 475 5.4.1 Greenhouse gas emissions from food systems ����� 475 5.4.2 Greenhouse gas emissions from croplands and soils ������������������������������������������������ 476 5.4.3 Greenhouse gas emissions from livestock ���������� 477 5.4.4 Greenhouse gas emissions from aquaculture ��� 478 5.4.5 Greenhouse gas emissions from inputs, processing, storage and transport ��������������������������� 478 5.4.6 Greenhouse gas emissions associated with different diets �������������������������������������������������������������� 479 5.5 Mitigation options, challenges and opportunities ��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 480 5.5.1 Supply-side mitigation options ���������������������������������� 480 Box 5.4: Towards sustainable intensification in South America ��������������������������������������������� 481 5.5.2 Demand-side mitigation options ������������������������������ 487 5.6 Mitigation, adaptation, food security and land use: Synergies, trade-offs and co-benefits ���� 492 5.6.1 Land-based carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and bioenergy ����������������������������������������������������������������������� 492 5.6.2 Mitigation, food prices, and food security ���������� 494 5.6.3 Environmental and health effects of adopting healthy and sustainable diets ����������������� 497 5.6.4 Sustainable integrated agricultural systems ������� 499 Cross-Chapter Box 6 | Agricultural intensification: Land sparing, land sharing and sustainability ������������ 502 5.6.5 Role of urban agriculture ������������������������������������������������ 505 5.6.6 Links to the Sustainable Development Goals ��� 507 5.7 Enabling conditions and knowledge gaps ����������������� 507 5.7.1 Enabling policy environments �������������������������������������� 508 5.7.2 Enablers for changing markets and trade ������������� 511 5.7.3 Just Transitions to sustainability ��������������������������������� 511 5.7.4 Mobilising knowledge ������������������������������������������������������� 512 5.7.5 Knowledge gaps and key research areas �������������� 513 5.8 Future challenges to food security ������������������������������������ 514 5.8.1 Food price spikes ����������������������������������������������������������������� 514 Box 5.5: Market drivers and the consequences of extreme weather in 2010-2011 ��������������������������������������� 516 5.8.2 Migration and conflict ������������������������������������������������������ 516 Box 5.6: Migration in the Pacific region: Impacts of climate change on food security ����������������� 517 Frequently Asked Questions �������������������������������������������������������������������� 519 FAQ 5.1: How does climate change affect food security? �������������������������������������������������������������������������� 519 FAQ 5.2: How can changing diets help address climate change?���������������������������������������������������� 519 References �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 520 Food security Chapter 5

Food Security Seminar held on 25-03-2014.pdf

According to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. The WHO states that there are three pillars that determine food security: food availability, food access, and food use. The FAO adds a fourth pillar: the stability of the first three dimensions of food security over time. The three are interconnected. Many studies have shown that improvement in nutrition is important, even for increase in productivity of workers. Thus, food security has intrinsic (for its own sake) as well as instrumental (for increasing productivity) value.

Some rights reserved FEEDING THE PLANET: BETWEEN FOOD SECURITY AND FOOD SAFETY

2014

The issue of food is indeed a systemic problem involving fundamental aspects of the social, cultural and economic organisation of our planet. This paper focuses on the main aspects related to the concepts of food security and food safety. While the first problem mainly affects less developed countries, the second concerns diet in the developed world. They are influenced by important factors such as the structure of food distribution, the effective access to food resources, the lack of confidence about the safety of the products, and the different consumption behaviours affected by social, economic and religious factors.

A report by The High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition June 2013HLPE Steering Committee members (June 2013)

2014

This report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition (HLPE) has been approved by the HLPE Steering Committee. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Committee on World Food Security, of its members, participants, or of the Secretariat. This report is made publicly available and its reproduction and dissemination is encouraged. Noncommercial uses will be authorised free of charge, upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees.