Investigating Effects of Sex Differences and Prior Concussions on Symptom Reporting and Cognition Among Adolescent Soccer Players (original) (raw)
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Effect of sex on symptoms and return to baseline in sport-related concussion
Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics, 2014
Sport-related concussions (SRCs) among youth athletes represent a significant public health concern. Prior research suggests that females fare worse symptomatically after an SRC. The authors aimed to assess sex differences in number, severity, and resolution of postconcussive symptoms using reliable change index (RCI) methodology applied to days to return to symptom baseline. Between 2009 and 2011, 740 youth athletes completed valid neurocognitive and symptom testing before and after an SRC using Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). A total of 122 female and 122 male athletes were matched on number of prior concussions, age, and number of days to first postconcussion test. At baseline and postconcussion, the authors compared each of the individual 22 symptoms on ImPACT to calculate individual symptom severity and aggregate symptom severity, or the Total Symptom Score (TSS). When comparing individual symptoms, the significance level for the comparison ...
Absence of Differences Between Male and Female Adolescents With Prior Sport Concussion
Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 2014
Author Disclosure Statements None of the authors have a financial interest in the ImPACT battery. BLB receives funding from a test publisher (Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.), book royalties from Oxford University Press, Males and females with prior concussion-2 and in-kind test credits for research from another computerized test publisher (CNS Vital Signs). In-kind support from ImPACT was provided to MM for the assessments conducted in Edmonton.
Journal of Athletic Training
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences on the Concussion Clinical Profile Screen (CP Screen) in adolescents following sport-related concussion (SRC). Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: A concussion specialty clinic. Participants: A total of 276 adolescent (Age=15.02 ± 1.43 yrs; Female= 152 [55%]) athletes with a recent (≤30 days) diagnosed concussion. Main Outcome Measures: The five CP Screen profiles (e.g., anxiety/mood, cognitive/fatigue, migraine, vestibular, ocular), and two modifiers (e.g., neck, sleep), symptom total, and symptom severity scores were compared using a series of Mann-Whitney U tests between males and females. Results: Females (n=152) scored significantly higher than males (n=124) on the <.001) factor scores, but not the migraine (U =7768, z =−2.52, p =.01) factor scores. Females also cognitive/fatigue (U = 7160.50, z = −3.46, p =.001) and anxiety/mood (U =7059, z =−3.62, p endorsed a significantly higher number of symptoms...
The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2012
Background: Researchers have begun to focus on age and sex differences in concussion outcomes. Results suggest that younger athletes and female athletes may take longer to recover from a concussion. However, little is known about the interactive effects of age and sex on symptoms, neurocognitive testing (NCT), and postural stability. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine sex and age differences in symptoms, NCT, and postural stability following concussion. We hypothesized that high school and female athletes would have worse symptoms, NCT, and postural stability than college and male athletes, respectively. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 296 concussed athletes from a multistate, 2-year study were enrolled in this study. Participants completed the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) at baseline and again at 2, 7, and 14 days after concussion. Participants...
Injury Epidemiology
Background: While head injuries and concussions are major concerns among soccer players, the multifactorial nature of head injury observations in this group remains relatively undefined. We aim to extend previous analyses and examine sex-differences in the incidence of head injuries, odds of head injuries within an injured sample, and severity of head injuries, among collegiate soccer players between 2004 and 2009. Methods: Data collected within the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance System (ISS) between the years of 2004 and 2009, were analyzed in this study. Unadjusted rate ratios (RR), compared incidence rates between categories of sex, injury mechanism, setting and competition level. We also examined sex-differences in head injury incidence rates, across categories of the other covariates. Multivariable logistic regression and negative binomial regression modeling tested the relation between sex and head injury corollaries, while controlling for contact, setting, and competition level. Results: Between 2004 and 2009, head injuries accounted for approximately 11% of all soccer-related injuries reported within the NCAA-ISS. The rate of head injuries among women was higher than among men (RR = 1.23, 95% CI = [1.08, 1.41]). The rate of head injuries due to player-to-player contact was comparable between women and men (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = [0.81, 1.11]). Whereas, the rate of injury due to contact with apparatus (ball/goal) was nearly 2.5 times higher (RR = 2.46, 95% CI = [1.76, 3.44]) and the rate due to contact with a playing surface was over two times higher (RR = 2.29, 95% CI = [1.34, 3.91]) in women than in men. In our multifactorial models, we also observed that the association between sex and head injury corollaries varied by injury mechanism. Conclusions: Sex-differences in the incidence, odds (given an injury), and severity (concussion diagnosis, time-loss) of head injuries varied by injury mechanism (player-to-player contact vs. all other mechanisms) in this sample.
Sex-Based Differences in Concussion Outcomes Among Adolescents and Young Adults
2020
I would also like to thank my committee members, Dr. Steve Broglio and Dr. Jeff Holloway, for their support and willingness to help in numerous capacities throughout this dissertation study. The guidance and insight you have shared with me has strengthened my knowledge in both research and clinical settings. It has been a privilege working with you both. Thank you. Last but certainly not least, I would like to thank my colleagues at the Concussion and Health Neuroscience lab. I could not have asked to share the many ups and downs of this academic journey with better people. You have each played an important role in shaping me as a scholar, a professional, and a human beingand I am grateful for the friendships we've built over the years. Thank you.
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2018
This study was designed to determine concussion incidence, risk, and relative risk among middle and high school athletes participating in various sports. Method: Data were retrospectively obtained from 10,334 athletes of 12 different sports in Hawaii. In addition to determining the overall concussion incidence, comparisons of incidence, risk, and relative risk were made according to age, sex, concussion history, sport, and football position. Results: The overall incidence of concussion among youth athletes was 1,250 (12.1%). The relative risk for a concussion was almost two times greater in 18-year olds than in 13-year-old athletes. In comparable sports, girls had a 1.5 times higher concussion risk than boys. Athletes with a prior concussion had 3-5 times greater risk to sustain a concussion than those with no history of a concussion. Among varied sports, wrestling and martial arts had the highest relative risk of a concussion, followed by cheerleading, football, and track and field. No differences in concussion risks were found among the football players in different positions. Conclusions: Older youths, females, those with a history of concussion, and those participating in high contact sports were found to have higher risks of sustaining a concussion. The findings increase awareness of concussion patterns in young athletes and raise concerns regarding protective strategies and concussion management in youth sports.
Epidemiologic Assessment of Concussions in an NCAA Division I Women’s Soccer Team
Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
Background: Among collegiate sports, ice hockey and wrestling have been reported to have the highest rates of concussion injury. Recent literature has shown that among all sports, female soccer players had the highest rate of concussion injury at the high school level. Sport-specific analysis will increase our knowledge of epidemiologic characteristics of this serious injury in young soccer players, where “heading” is commonly involved during participation. Hypothesis: Heading during soccer will be associated with increased frequency of concussion injury in collegiate female players compared with other mechanisms of injury, and concussion injury mechanism and rates will differ by setting of injury (practice or match) and player position. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiologic study. Methods: This was a retrospective review and epidemiologic analysis of all concussions documented from a single National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I female collegiate soccer team b...
Enduring effects of concussion in youth athletes
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2002
The purpose of this study was to explore the mild, enduring effects of concussion in otherwise healthy youth athletes. Reported history of concussion and cognitive functioning was examined in an initial sample of 35 youth athletes, 21 of whom were considered healthy volunteers (No Recent Concussion within the past 6 months) with no identified medical or neuropsychological difficulties related to concussion. The remaining 14 volunteers had each sustained a concussion within 1 week of testing (Recent Concussion). Significant differences in performances on a general cognitive measure, and specifically in the area of attention, were found as a function of number of concussions reported by the No Recent Concussion athletes. Furthermore, on some of the measures, No Recent Concussion athletes with a history of two or more concussions appeared to resemble Recent Concussion athletes more so than No Recent Concussion athletes with a history of one or no concussion. The importance of assessment of youth concussion and the use of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) for this purpose are discussed.