Current Status and Future Prospects of Research on Single Ion Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Battery Applications (original) (raw)
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Designing Versatile Polymers for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications: A Review
Polymers, 2022
Solid-state electrolytes are a promising family of materials for the next generation of high-energy rechargeable lithium batteries. Polymer electrolytes (PEs) have been widely investigated due to their main advantages, which include easy processability, high safety, good mechanical flexibility, and low weight. This review presents recent scientific advances in the design of versatile polymer-based electrolytes and composite electrolytes, underlining the current limitations and remaining challenges while highlighting their technical accomplishments. The recent advances in PEs as a promising application in structural batteries are also emphasized.
Poly (Ionic Liquid) Based Electrolyte for Lithium Battery Application
2018
The demand for electric vehicles is increasing rapidly as the world is preparing for a fossil fuel-free future in the automotive field. Lithium battery technologies are the most effective options to replace fossil fuels due to their higher energy densities. However, safety remains a major concern in using lithium as the anode, and the development of non-volatile, nonflammable, high conductivity electrolytes is of great importance. In this dissertation, a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) consisting of ionic liquid, lithium salt, and a polymer has been developed for their application in lithium batteries. A comparative study between GPE and ionic liquid electrolyte (ILE) containing batteries shows a superior cyclic performance up to 5C rate and a better rate capability for 40 cycles for cells with GPE at room temperature. The improvement is attributed to GPE’s improved stability voltage window against lithium as well as higher lithium transference number. The performance of the GPE in lithium-sulfur battery system using sulfur-CNT cathodes shows superior rate capability for the GPE versus ILE for up to 1C rates. Also, GPE containing batteries had higher capacity retention versus ILE when cycled for 500 cycles vii at C/2 rate. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies reveal interfacial impedances for ILE containing batteries grew faster than in GPE batteries. The accumulation of insoluble Li2S2/Li2S on the electrodes decreases the active material thus contributes to capacity fading. SEM imaging of cycled cathodes reveals cracks on the surface of cathode recovered from ILE batteries. On the other hand, the improved electrochemical performance of GPE batteries indicates better and more stable passivation layer formation on the surface of the electrodes. Composite GPE (cGPE) containing micro glass fillers were studied to determine their electrochemical performance in Li batteries. GPE with 1 wt% micro fillers show superior rate capability for up to 7C and also cyclic stability for 300 cycles at C/2 rate. In situ, EIS also reveals a rapid increase in charge transfer resistance in GPE batteries, responsible for lowering the capacity during cycling. Improved ion transport properties due to ion-complex formations in the presence of the micro fillers is evidenced by improved lithium transference number, ionic conduction, and ion-pair dissociation detected using Raman spectroscopy
ACS Applied Energy Materials, 2019
Electrolytes have played critical roles in electrochemical energy storage. In Liion battery, liquid electrolytes have shown their excellent performances for over decades, such as high ionic conductivity (~10 −3 S cm −1) and good contacts with electrodes. However, the use of liquid electrolytes often brought risks associated with leakage and combustion of organic electrolytes. Hence, polymer electrolytes become potential candidates to replace liquid electrolyte systems. Although solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) offer better safety and good mechanical properties to take over liquid electrolytes, most of them only deliver low ionic conductivities (~10 −8 S cm −1) and poor contact with electrodes, results in poor cycle performance and low electrical capacity of the batteries. In addition, gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) have received increasing research attention due to their relevant characteristics, which extend from liquid electrolytes and solid polymer electrolytes. In this review, state-ofthe-art of gel polymer electrolytes are elucidated with respect to their structural design and
Toward Sustainable Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
ACS Omega
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the most widely used energy storage system because of their high energy density and power, robustness, and reversibility, but they typically include an electrolyte solution composed of flammable organic solvents, leading to safety risks and reliability concerns for high-energy-density batteries. A step forward in Li-ion technology is the development of solid-state batteries suitable in terms of energy density and safety for the next generation of smart, safe, and highperformance batteries. Solid-state batteries can be developed on the basis of a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) that may rely on natural polymers in order to replace synthetic ones, thereby taking into account environmental concerns. This work provides a perspective on current state-of-the-art sustainable SPEs for lithium-ion batteries. The recent developments are presented with a focus on natural polymers and their relevant properties in the context of battery applications. In addition, the ionic conductivity values and battery performance of natural polymer-based SPEs are reported, and it is shown that sustainable SPEs can become essential components of a next generation of high-performance solid-state batteries synergistically focused on performance, sustainability, and circular economy considerations.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2021
Composite solid electrolytes including inorganic nanoparticles or nanofibers which improve the performance of polymer electrolytes due to their superior mechanical, ionic conductivity, or lithium transference number are actively being researched for applications in lithium metal batteries. However, inorganic nanoparticles present limitations such as tedious surface functionalization and agglomeration issues and poor homogeneity at high concentrations in polymer matrixes. In this work, we report on polymer nanoparticles with a lithium sulfonamide surface functionality (LiPNP) for application as electrolytes in lithium metal batteries. The particles are prepared by semibatch emulsion polymerization, an easily up-scalable technique. LiPNPs are used to prepare two different families of particle-reinforced solid electrolytes. When mixed with poly(ethylene oxide) and lithium bis-(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI/PEO), the particles invoke a significant stiffening effect (E′ > 10 6 Pa vs 10 5 Pa at 80°C) while the membranes retain high ionic conductivity (σ = 6.6 × 10 −4 S cm −1). Preliminary testing in LiFePO 4 lithium metal cells showed promising performance of the PEO nanocomposite electrolytes. By mixing the particles with propylene carbonate without any additional salt, we obtain true single-ion conducting gel electrolytes, as the lithium sulfonamide surface functionalities are the only sources of lithium ions in the system. The gel electrolytes are mechanically robust (up to G′ = 10 6 Pa) and show ionic conductivity up to 10 −4 S cm −1. Finally, the PC nanocomposite electrolytes were tested in symmetrical lithium cells. Our findings suggest that all-polymer nanoparticles could represent a new building block material for solidstate lithium metal battery applications.
Recent progress of multilayer polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries
Energy Materials, 2022
The significant market for electric vehicles and portable electronic devices is driving the development of highenergy-density solid-state lithium batteries. However, the solid electrolyte is still the main obstacle to the development of solid-state lithium batteries, mainly due to the lack of a single solid electrolyte that is compatible with both high-voltage cathodes and lithium metal anodes. These problems can potentially be solved with multilayer electrolytes. The property of each layer of the electrolyte can be tuned separately, which not only meets the different needs of the cathode and anode but also makes up for the shortcomings of each layer of the electrolyte, thereby achieving good mechanical properties and chemical and electrochemical stability. This review first presents a brief introduction to homogeneous single-layer electrolytes. The design principles of multilayer polymer electrolytes and the application of these principles using examples from recent work are then introduced. Finally, several suggestions as guides for future work are given.
Advanced gel polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion polymer batteries
ASME Proceedings | Materials and Micro/Nano Technologies for Energy Applications, 2013
We report improved performance of Li-ion polymer batteries through advanced gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). Compared to solid and liquid electrolytes, GPEs are advantageous as they can be fabricated in different shapes and geometries; also ionic properties are significantly superior to that of solid and liquid electrolytes. We have synthetized GPE in form of membranes by trapping ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate in a composite of polyvinylidene fluoride and N-methylpyrrolidinore. By applying phase-transfer method, we synthetized membranes with micro-pores, which led to higher ionic conductivity. The proposed membrane is to be modified further to have higher capacity, stronger mechanical properties, and lower internal resistance. In order to meet those requirements, we have doped the samples with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to form nanoparticle-polymer composites with tunable porosity and conductivity. Membranes doped with nanoparticles are expected to have higher porosity, which leads to higher ion mobility; and improved electrical conductivity. Four-point-probe measurement technique was used to measure the sheet resistance of the membranes. Morphology of the membranes was studied using electron and optical microscopies. Cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic impedance spectroscopy were performed to characterize electrochemical behavior of the samples as a function of weight percentage of embedded AuNPs.
Journal of Power Sources, 2008
Lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate:polyethylene oxide (PEO) polymer electrolytes modified by 1,1,3,3,5,5-meso-hexaphenyl-2,2,4,4,6,6-mesohexamethyl-6-pyrrole (C6P) and nanosize silica filler were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and electrochemical means. An increase in the lithium transference number is observed upon incorporation of even a small amount of C6P. Silica facilitates interchain ion hopping in polymer electrolytes and possibly introduces an additional interfacial ion-conduction path without decreasing t + . Stable solid electrolyte interphase resistance (SEI) was achieved in the polymer electrolytes containing calix[6]pyrrole and silica. It was found that lithium single-ion-conductive polymers with good electrochemical stability and ion transport properties have the potential for considerably boosting the performance of lithium/molybdenum oxysulfide all-solid-state thin film batteries.
Development and Optimization of Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Ion Batteries
2016
This thesis focuses on the development of new poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) in order to enhance their ionic conductivity at ambient temperature and fabricate the prototypes of novel Li ion batteries using these SPEs. Different types of SPEs have been developed: (i) blends of high molecular weight PEO and low molecular weight poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc); (ii) composites of high molecular weight PEO and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles; and (iii) blend-based composite electrolytes consisting of PEO and PVAc with dispersed TiO2. The SPEs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The electrochemical performance of the battery prototypes were determined by galvanic cycles at various current densities. The results revealed that the crystallization of PEO was easily suppressed by blending it with PVAc. The resistance of these blends were found to decrease with an increase in the PVAc content. TiO2 nanoparticles were found to be a compatible filler with the PEO matrix, as was proven by the lowered crystallinity, glass transition and melting temperatures of the matrix, as well as a significantly enhanced conductivity at ambient temperature. A new type of SPE has been prepared by adding both PVAc and TiO2 to PEO-based electrolyte. The amorphous nature of the new electrolyte was confirmed by DSC. Several prototypes of a Liion battery, based on this blend-based composite electrolyte and utilizing LiFePO4 as cathode and Al as anode, were assembled and cycled at different current densities at room temperature, resulting in excellent performance. The best prototype so far showed more than 500 chargedischarge cycles with the coulombic efficiency approaching 100% and the resistance decreasing to 500 Ω.cm 2 .