A low-cost video-based tool for clinical gait analysis (original) (raw)
Related papers
The efficacy of a video-based marker-less tracking system for gait analysis
Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering, 2017
Most clinical gait analyses are conducted using motion capture systems which track retro-reflective markers that are placed on key landmarks of the participants. An alternative to a three-dimensional (3D) motion capture, marker-based, optical camera system may be a marker-less video-based tracking system. The aim of our study was to investigate the efficacy of the use of a marker-less tracking system in the calculation of 3D joint angles for possible use in clinical gait analysis. Ten participants walked and jogged on a treadmill and their kinematic data were captured with a marker and marker-less tracking system simultaneously. The hip, knee and ankle angles in the frontal, sagittal and transverse planes were computed. Root Mean Square differences (RMSdiff) between corresponding angles for each participant's support phase were calculated and averaged to derive the mean within-subject RMSdiff. These within-subject means were averaged to obtain the mean between-subject RMSdiff fo...
Video-Based Marker-Less Tracking System in Gait Analysis
2016
An alternative to the 30 motion marker-based optical camera capture is the Star Tracker 3D, a marker-less video-based tracking system. The aim of our study is to investigate the efficacy of the Star Tracker 3D. A series of gait analysis tests were carried out on ten subjects with a marker and marker-less tracking system simultaneously. The study suggests potential application in gait analysis in the academic classrooms and clinical settings where observations of anatomical motions can provide meaningful feedback.
Portable in-clinic video-based gait analysis: validation study on prosthetic users
Despite the common focus of gait in rehabilitation, there are few tools that allow quantitatively characterizing gait in the clinic. We recently described an algorithm, trained on a large dataset from our clinical gait analysis laboratory, which produces accurate cycle-by-cycle estimates of spatiotemporal gait parameters including step timing and walking velocity. Here, we demonstrate this system generalizes well to clinical care with a validation study on prosthetic users seen in therapy and outpatient clinic. Specifically, estimated walking velocity was similar to annotated 10-meter walking velocities, and cadence and foot contact times closely mirrored our wearable sensor measurements. Additionally, we found that a 2D keypoint detector pre-trained on largely able-bodied individuals struggles to localize prosthetic joints, particularly for those individuals with more proximal or bilateral amputations, but it is possible to train a prosthetic-specific joint detector. Further work i...
A Monocular Marker-Free Gait Measurement System
IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 2000
This paper presents a new, user-friendly, portable motion capture and gait analysis system for capturing and analyzing human gait, designed as a telemedicine tool to monitor remotely the progress of patients through treatment. The system requires minimal user input and simple single-camera filming (which can be acquired from a basic webcam) making it very accessible to nontechnical, nonclinical personnel. This system can allow gait studies to acquire a much larger data set and allow trained gait analysts to focus their skills on the interpretation phase of gait analysis. The design uses a novel motion capture method derived from spatiotemporal segmentation and model-based tracking. Testing is performed on four monocular, sagittal-view, sample gait videos. Results of modeling, tracking, and analysis stages are presented with standard gait graphs and parameters compared to manually acquired data. Index Terms-Automated tracking, gait analysis, human movement, motion analysis. I. INTRODUCTION A. Motivation C URRENT gait measurement methods involve complex marker systems, multiple cameras, a dedicated gait laboratory and trained personnel. This paper presents a simple single-camera system which has low processing time and is usable remote from the filming location and without the need for qualified gait analysts at the data acquisition stage. While this system is not intended to replace marker-based systems, it allows the study of gait to broaden beyond the gait laboratory while providing results comparable to those achievable with standard systems. It has been used, for example, to analyze gait in video clips filmed in another country. It is hoped that its simplicity will encourage therapists and patients to participate in gait studies and make the most of the technology available. B. Marker-Based Systems Marker-based systems are still the most reliable and widely used. However, they require specific equipment and expertise, not accessible outside a gait laboratory. This can be a significant issue when patients are too unwell to travel or when large data sets are required for study. Also, as demonstrated in [1], gait facilities are not readily available to many potential users. Within a gait laboratory, marker placement is still difficult. Marker positions have a significant effect on system output.
Autonomous Gait Event Detection with Portable Single-Camera Gait Kinematics Analysis System
Journal of Sensors, 2016
Laboratory-based nonwearable motion analysis systems have significantly advanced with robust objective measurement of the limb motion, resulting in quantified, standardized, and reliable outcome measures compared with traditional, semisubjective, observational gait analysis. However, the requirement for large laboratory space and operational expertise makes these systems impractical for gait analysis at local clinics and homes. In this paper, we focus on autonomous gait event detection with our bespoke, relatively inexpensive, and portable, single-camera gait kinematics analysis system. Our proposed system includes video acquisition with camera calibration, Kalman filter + Structural-Similarity-based marker tracking, autonomous knee angle calculation, video-frame-identification-based autonomous gait event detection, and result visualization. The only operational effort required is the marker-template selection for tracking initialization, aided by an easy-to-use graphic user interfa...
2018
Gait analysis is one of the most useful tools for assessing age-related conditions. This study describes the preliminary validation of a novel vision-based method for unobtrusive, ambulatory monitoring of spatiotemporal gait parameters. The method uses a mobile platform that is equipped with a Microsoft Kinect. A proprietary, generative tracker is used for measuring the 3D segmental movement of the subject. A novel method was developed for extracting gait parameters from the raw joint measurements by using the relative distance between the two ankle joints. The results are assessed in terms of mean absolute error and mean absolute percentage error with respect to a motion capture system. The mean absolute error ± precision was 5.5 ± 3.5 cm for stride length, 1.7 ± 1.3 cm for step width, 0.93 ± 0.44 steps/min for cadence, and 2.5 ± 2.0% for single limb support. While these results are promising, additional experiments are required to assess the repeatability of this approach.
Development of an Automated Image Processing System for Kinematic Analysis of Human Gait
W e propose a simple, inexpensive, portable and real-time image processing system for kinematic analysis of human gait. We view this as a feature based multi-target tracking problem. Here we track the arti®cially induced features appearing in the image sequence due to the non-impeding contrast markers attached at dierent anatomical landmarks of the subject under analysis. This paper describes a real-time algorithm for detecting and tracking the feature points simultaneously. By applying a Kalman ®lter, we recursively predict the tentative features location and retain the predicted point in case of occlusion. A path coherence score is used for disambiguation along with tracking for establishing feature correspondences. Experimentations on normal and pathological subjects in dierent gait was performed and results illustrate the ecacy of the algorithm.
Two-dimensional Gait Analysis Using a Tracking Software on a Three-dimensional Projection
2012
Gait analysis is the methodic measurement and evaluation of all the different factors that affect human locomotion. It can be applied for rehabilitation purposes and lower the risks of injuries. Modern technology has lead to an amount of precise methods of executing gait analysis. The disadvantages with these are that they often are expensive and only available at a few specially built locations. The need for an inexpensive, yet reliable and portable solution that can analyze gait are there. This study focuses on a method including four laser diodes which are tracked using a specially designed software. The laser diodes are located on each shoulder of the test subject and attached to a helmet. The laser diodes form a projection which are recorded with a video camera. The recordings are then analyzed in Matlab. An analysis is then done trying to distinguish differences in the motion patterns. However, this novel method should be further tested prior to use.