Effect of diminazene aceturate, levamisole and vitamin C combination therapy in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei (original) (raw)

Comparative effects of graded doses of diaminanzine ace-turate and fixed doses of levamisole in the treatment of albino mice experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei

Journal of Experimental and Applied Animal Sciences

Trypanosomosis is a widespread and important disease of animals and humans in tsetse-infested areas of Africa, Nigeria inclusive. To investigate the comparative effects of graded doses of Diaminazine aceturate (DA) and fixed doses of Levamisole in the treatment of albino mice experimentally infected with field isolates of Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Thirty adult mice were used and were randomly divided into 6 groups of 5 mice each. After infection has been established, 3 groups (A, B and C) were treated with graded doses of DA at 7, 14 and 21mg/kg body weight respectively and a fixed dose of Levamisole at 7.5mg/kg body weight, whereas group D was treated with Levamisole only at the same dose. Group E served as positive (infected untreated) control while group F served a negative (uninfected untreated) control. The following parameters were used to access the efficacy of the drugs: weekly rectal temperature, weight changes, packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, clinical sign...

Haematobiochemical Changes In Albino Rats Infected With Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei

Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine, 1999

The present study was aimed at investigating the Hematological and biological changes in different routes of Trypanosoma brucei infection in Albino rat. Five groups of four Albino rats, each of which was challenged with approximately 1.6 X 10 6 Trypanosoma brucei, except for the fifth group which served as uninfected control. The routes of inoculation were; Intravenous (IV), Intramuscular (IM), Subcutaneous (SC) and Intraperitoneal (IP). The rats were monitored for prepotency, parasitemia, changes in Packed Cell Volume (PCV), total leukocyte count, plasma protein, mortality and relapse during the 21 days course of infection. The result revealed that all the infected rats developed parasitemia, with mean pre-patent periods of 3.00±0.000, 4.00±1.000, 7.50±1.500 and 9.00±1.732 days respectively, for IV, IM, SC and IP routes. There was decreased PCV in all the infected groups compared with the uninfected control which was not significant (P < 0.05) except for the IP group. Leukocytosis was most significant in the IP group compared to other groups. The mean total plasma protein increased from day zero through day 12 in all the routes of inoculation, but there was no significant difference between all the groups. The mean parasitemia increased progressively in IV route compared with other groups, but least in the IP route group. The mean survival time of the infected rats were 15.25±2.016, 13.25±2.720, 12.25±0.250 and 12.75±1.250 days for IV, IM, SC and IP route, respectively. In conclusion, different routes of inoculation of Trypanosoma brucei showed significant variation in pre-patency, parasitemia survival time but not in PCV and Total plasma protein.

Efficacy of repeated doses of diminazene aceturate (Dinazene®) in the treatment of experimental Trypanosoma brucei infection of Albino rats

Iranian journal of veterinary research, 2016

The efficacy of repeated doses of Dinazene® in Albino rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei (Gboko strain) was investigated. A total of 30 adult female Albino rats weighing 130-190 g were used for the study. They were assigned to six groups (groups A-F) of five rats each. Groups A-D were infected intraperitoneally with 1.0 × 106 trypanosomes in 400 µL of PBS diluted blood while groups E (uninfected treated) and F (uninfected untreated) served as controls. The rats in the groups A-D as well as those in group E were treated with 7.0 mg/kg body weight at day 11 post infection. Groups B, C and D however received two, three and four repeated doses of the drug at weekly intervals following initial treatment. There was complete clearance of the parasite within 120 h post treatment. Parasitaemia, packed cell volume (PCV), total red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, haemoglobin concentration (Hb), rectal temperature, and body weight were used to assay the eff...

Hematological and Biological Changes in Different Routes of Experimental Trypanosoma BruceiInfection in Albino Rats

Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 2019

The present study was aimed at investigating the Hematological and biological changes in different routes of Trypanosoma brucei infection in Albino rat. Five groups of four Albino rats, each of which was challenged with approximately 1.6 X 10 6 Trypanosoma brucei, except for the fifth group which served as uninfected control. The routes of inoculation were; Intravenous (IV), Intramuscular (IM), Subcutaneous (SC) and Intraperitoneal (IP). The rats were monitored for prepotency, parasitemia, changes in Packed Cell Volume (PCV), total leukocyte count, plasma protein, mortality and relapse during the 21 days course of infection. The result revealed that all the infected rats developed parasitemia, with mean pre-patent periods of 3.00±0.000, 4.00±1.000, 7.50±1.500 and 9.00±1.732 days respectively, for IV, IM, SC and IP routes. There was decreased PCV in all the infected groups compared with the uninfected control which was not significant (P < 0.05) except for the IP group. Leukocytosis was most significant in the IP group compared to other groups. The mean total plasma protein increased from day zero through day 12 in all the routes of inoculation, but there was no significant difference between all the groups. The mean parasitemia increased progressively in IV route compared with other groups, but least in the IP route group. The mean survival time of the infected rats were 15.25±2.016, 13.25±2.720, 12.25±0.250 and 12.75±1.250 days for IV, IM, SC and IP route, respectively. In conclusion, different routes of inoculation of Trypanosoma brucei showed significant variation in pre-patency, parasitemia survival time but not in PCV and Total plasma protein.

Comparative effects of artemether and in combination with diminazene aceturate in the treatment of experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in Wistar rats

Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 2021

This study assessed the effects of artemether and in combination with diminazene aceturate on parasitaemia, weight, haematology and pathology induced by experimentally Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in Wistar rats. Fifty adult rats comprising 25 each of males and females were assigned into 5 groups of ten rats (five males and five females). Rats in group I was uninfected while groups II-V were infected with T b brucei. Groups II were untreated; III administered diminazene aceturate once; IV and V administered artemether only and in combination with diminazene aceturate respectively for 5 days. Parasitaemia was determined daily, blood was collected for haematology and weight obtained every four days for a period of 32 days. At 24 days post-treatment, rats were humanely euthanized and organs harvested for pathological examination. Results revealed parasitaemia at day 4 post-infection, significant (p < 0.05) decrease in weight, erythrogram and leucogram in all infected rats. Fo...

Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Combination of Artemether and Diminazene Aceturate Therapy in Experimental Trypanosoma brucei Infection in Rats

Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2020

This study evaluated the efficacy of a combination of artemether and diminazene aceturate therapy in experimental Trypanosoma brucei infection in rats. Thirty five male albino rats used for the study were randomly assigned to seven groups of five rats each as follows: Group A-infected and treated with diminazene aceturate (DA) at 7.0 mg/kg body weight (bw), intramuscular (IM) once on day 7 post-infection (pi); Group B-infected and treated with artemether (ART) at 3.2 mg/kg bw IM on day 7pi and 1.6 mg/kg bw IM on days 8,9,10 and 11pi; Groups C,D and E,-infected and treated with DA at 7.0 mg/kg bw IM, 3.5 mg/kg bw IM, and 1.75 mg/kg bw IM respectively, once on day 7pi and ART at 3.2 mg/kg bw IM on day 7pi plus 1.6 mg/kg bw on days 8,9,10 and 11pi; Group F-infected, untreated and Group G-uninfected, untreated. Onset of parasitaemia (OP), level of parasitaemia (LOP), clearance of parasites post treatment, mortality post infection, relapse of parasitaemia post clearance, rectal temperature, and body weight, were determined at specified intervals during the 70-day experimental period. Results showed that there were no significant (p > 0.05) variations in the OP and LOP between the infected groups. Trypanosomes were cleared from the blood of rats in group A, C, D, and E after treatment. All the rats in groups B and F were dead by day 14pi. The infection relapsed in groups C and E. It was concluded that a combination of DA (3.5 mg/kg bw once) and ART (3.2 mg/kg bw on day 1 of treatment and 1.6 mg/kg bw for 4 consecutive days) exhibited efficacy comparable to the standard dose of DA at 7 mg/kg in the treatment of trypanosome brucei in rats and could thus possibly constitute an effective treatment regimen to reduce the dose of DA and avoid toxicity.

Comparative efficacy of graded doses of diaminazine aceturate and fixed doses of iron dextran and vitamin B complex in mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei

Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2016

Trypanosomosis is a disease of both domestic animals and man. Trypanosomosis continues to be a menace in the livestock industry in Nigeria despite the agelong attempt to control the disease. The comparative effects of graded doses of diaminazine aceturate (DA) and fixed doses of iron dextran and vitamin B complex were experimentally investigated in the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei brucei-infected albino mice. A total of 40 albino mice were used and were randomly divided into eight groups of five mice each. All the mice in all the groups except group H were infected with T. brucei brucei, but group H served as the negative control. Groups A and B were treated with graded doses of DA at 3.5 and 7 mg/kg body weight (bw), respectively, groups C, D, E and F were treated as follows: 3.5 mg/kg bw DA and 1 ml/10 kg bw iron dextran, 7.0 mg/kg bw DA plus 1 ml/10 kg bw iron dextran, 3.5 mg/kg bw DA, 1 ml/10 kg bw iron dextran and 1 ml/ 10 kg bw vitamin B complex and 7.0 mg/kg bw DA, 1 ml/ 10 kg bw iron dextran and 1 ml/10 kg bw vitamin B complex, respectively. Group G served as the infected untreated control. Parameters used to assess the effect of the drugs include rectal temperature, body weight changes, packed cell volumes, haemoglobin concentration, daily parasitaemia, clinical signs and survivability. By day 5 PI, all the infected mice had become parasitaemic but following treatment on day 7 PI, the parasites cleared from the blood of the mice in group B and D within 42 hours, groups A, C, E and F before 96 h. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the mean body weight, packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration and an increase in rectal temperature following infection but these were reversed by the various treatments. Iron dextran and vitamin B complex were combined with DA, there were improvement in their values, suggesting that combining trypanosomosis therapy with iron dextran and vitamin B complex will help in restoring the physiology of the animal.

Effect of Intramuscular Administration of Trypadim, Trypamidium and Novidium on Body Temperature, Body Weight and Hematological Parameters of Wistar Rats Infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei (Federe Strain)

Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2018

Effect of intramuscular administration of Trypanocides on body temperature, body weight and hematological parameters of Wistar rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei was investigated. Twenty-five adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group A uninfected untreated, group B were infected with 1×10 6 of the parasites. Groups C, D and E were administered the same dose as in group B and were treated with 3.5 mg/kg b.w. of Trypadim ® (Diminazene di-aceturate); 1 mg/kg b.w. of Trypamidium ® (Isometamidium chloride) and 1 mg/kg b.w. of Novidium ® (Homidium chloride), respectively. PCV, WBC, Neutrophil were significantly (p<0.05) higher in groups C, D and E compared to group B. However, the same level of significance (p<0.05) was observed for eosinophil but in a decreasing pattern. Body temperature increased consistently in all groups except group A. There was a significant (p<0.05) difference in all treated groups compared to group B on day 7 and 28 postinfection. Body weight decreased significantly (p≤0.01) in group B compared to the initial and final values. Both vitamins in their separate administration demonstrated trypanocidal and anti-pyrexia activities and therefore we recommend further studies of their combined usage in order to evaluate its synergistic effect in combating or ameliorating the problem of drug resistance in trypanosomiasis.

Comparative parasitaemia and haematology of mice, rats and rabbits experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei and their responses to diminazene diaceturate (Veriben®) therapy

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 2016

All experimental procedures involving animals were conducted in accordance to international ethics for the use of animals for biomedical research and approved by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ethics Committee. The journal implements double-blind peer review practiced by specially invited international editorial board members. Objective: To compare parasitaemia and haematological changes of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in mice, rats and rabbits and their chemotherapeutic responses to diminazene diaceturate (Veriben®) therapy under the same experimental conditions. Methods: A total of 20 adult BALB/c mice, 20 Wister albino rats and 20 New Zealand rabbits of both sexes were used for this study. Each rodent group was divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) of five animals each. Animals in Groups A and C were individually infected with 0.5 mL of blood from donor rats containing 1.5 × 10 6 Trypanosoma brucei brucei, while Groups B and D remained uninfected. Experimental animals were treated thus [Group A (infected and untreated control), Group B (uninfected and untreated control), Group C (infected and treated) and Group D (uninfected and treated)]. All treatments commenced 12 days after infection. Parasitaemia and haematological parameters were determined every four days till the end of the experiment. Results: The prepatent period for mice and rats was 4 days while that of rabbits was 8 days. Observed clinical signs consisted of pallor of mucous membranes, lethargy and starry hair coat observed mainly among mice and rats, while the rabbits had mainly mild pallor of the ocular mucous membranes. Parasitaemia in Groups A rose significantly by Day 20 post-infection (p.i.) in the mice, Day 24 in the rats and Day 28 in rabbits. By these respective days, all the infected untreated animals in Group A died of the infection. However in Group C, parasitaemia declined significantly (P < 0.05) among mice, rats and rabbits and were completely eliminated from peripheral circulation by Days 20, 20 and 24 (p.i.) respectively, with no death. An inverse relationship was observed between parasitaemia and the haematological parameters for all the species of the rodents. As parasitaemia increased, the packed cell volume, red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentrations and white blood cell counts of mice, rats and the rabbits experienced a significant decline (P < 0.05) in Group A, leading to anaemia. These decline in haematological parameters were however the most severe in rats and mice than in rabbits. Conclusions: Mice and rats are better animal models for studying the progression of the disease than rabbits and diminazene diaceturate (Veriben®) is capable of eliminating parasitaemia and modulating haematological changes in mice, rats and rabbits.