Improving Driver Safety with Behavioral Countermeasures (original) (raw)

A Literature Survey for Investigation into Driver Behavior for Enhancing Road Safety

AMERICAN Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture (ISSN (E): 2993-2637), 2023

This paper presents a literature survey conducted to investigate driver behavior and its impact on road safety. The study aims to enhance our understanding of the various factors influencing driver behavior and identify potential strategies to improve road safety. The survey encompasses a wide range of scholarly articles, research papers, and reports related to driver behavior, road safety, and human factors in driving. The abstract begins by emphasizing the importance of driver behavior in road safety and highlights the need for comprehensive research in this area. The survey explores key aspects of driver behavior, including risk perception, decision-making processes, cognitive factors, distraction, fatigue, aggression, and compliance with traffic rules and regulations. The findings from these studies are summarized, providing insights into the underlying causes and consequences of different driver behaviors. The literature survey also examines the effectiveness of various interventions and countermeasures aimed at modifying driver behavior and reducing the occurrence of accidents. These interventions include educational programs, awareness campaigns, driver training, advanced driver assistance systems, and policy interventions. The review evaluates the impact of these interventions on driver behavior and their overall effectiveness in improving road safety. In conclusion, this literature survey serves as a valuable resource for understanding driver behavior and its implications for road safety. It highlights the multifaceted nature of driver behavior, considering various factors that influence driving performance and decision-making. The findings from this survey can inform the development of evidence-based strategies and interventions to enhance road safety by targeting specific aspects of driver behavior.

Traffic Safety in the U.S

2006

not using safety belts, driving while intoxicated, nighttime driving, and young drivers. The importance of each of these factors is documented, known effective countermeasures (both policy and technology based) are discussed, and impediments to the implementation of these countermeasures in the U.S. are examined. Based on current understanding of the five major risk factors, and of the available countermeasures, there appear to be a variety of opportunities to make substantial gains in road

Traffic safety in the U.S.: Re-examining major opportunities

Journal of Safety Research, 2007

This report examines five major road-safety risk factors: exceeding posted speed limits, not using safety belts, driving while intoxicated, nighttime driving, and young drivers. The importance of each of these factors is documented, known effective countermeasures (both policy and technology based) are discussed, and impediments to the implementation of these countermeasures in the U.S. are examined. Based on current understanding of the five major risk factors, and of the available countermeasures, there appear to be a variety of opportunities to make substantial gains in road safety using existing knowledge. The limited implementation of a variety of known countermeasures therefore appears to be inconsistent with high-level, strategic goals to improve road safety. Consequently, a recommendation is made to comprehensively reexamine the balance between the countermeasures discussed in this report and economic, mobility, and privacy concerns. Such a re-examination is likely to result in broad support for these countermeasures, with a consequent major improvement in road safety.

Hazards of the Highways: A Behavior-based Safety Intervention for New Zealand Truck Drivers

Excessive speed is currently the primary contributory factor in traffic accidents within New Zealand roadwork sites. The present study evaluated two novel interventions designed to control traffic speed within a roadwork site where drivers were required to decrease their speed from 100km/h to 50km/h. Drivers were required to pass through a passage of either evenly or decreasingly spaced cones. A multielement baseline design was utilised. Both interventions were highly effective at reducing vehicle speed, with the greatest initial decrease in speed to 9.46km/h below Baseline for the Uneven arrangement. Both arrangements more than halved the proportion of 'dangerous' speeders travelling faster than 20km/h over the speed limit. It was concluded that either arrangement is likely to significantly, conveniently and cost effectively reduce the number of speed-related accidents within roadwork zones. The findings are discussed in relation to the perceptual mechanisms by which transverse and peripheral stimuli influence speed perception and driver behaviour.

Toward an effective long-term strategy for preventing motor vehicle crashes and injuries

International journal of environmental research and public health, 2014

Casualties due to motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) include some 40,000 deaths each year in the United States and one million deaths worldwide. One strategy that has been recommended for improving automobile safety is to lower speed limits and enforce them with speed cameras. However, motor vehicles can be hazardous even at low speeds whereas properly protected human beings can survive high-speed crashes without injury. Emphasis on changing driver behavior as the focus for road safety improvements has been largely unsuccessful; moreover, drivers today are increasingly distracted by secondary tasks such as cell phone use and texting. Indeed, the true limiting factor in vehicular safety is the capacity of human beings to sense and process information and to make rapid decisions. Given that dramatic reductions in injuries and deaths from MVCs have occurred over the past century due to improvements in safety technology, despite increases in the number of vehicles on the road and miles driven...

Testing a new intervention to enhance road safety

Nature Precedings

By 2020, it is estimated that road accidents will have moved from ninth to third in the worldwide ranking of burden of disease, as assessed in the disability adjusted life years (DALY)^1,2^. Therefore, it is vital to find effective methods to enhance road safety. Speed limits and traffic calming have the potential to reduce injuries due to road accidents^3,4^. Many drivers, however, do not adhere to speed limits^1-7^. Several studies have shown that adherence to speed limits can be explained by the theory of planned behaviour ^5-7^ and that it is possible to focus on drivers' intentions via self-report questionnaires. It is often difficult, however, to reach the majority of drivers on accident-prone locations with self-report questionnaires. This paper demonstrates an intervention that can be interpreted in the light of two of the theory's key variables^8^. It also has the potential to reach a large number of drivers on such locations. It is a speed-displaying device mounted...

Evaluating Technologies Relevant to the Enhancement of Driver Safety

A number of people have contributed significant time, thought, and experience during the development of this project, ranging from early discussions about factors that might be important in better understanding the real-world effectiveness of emerging safety technologies, to the identification of relevant information, and the consideration of how available data might be scaled and presented in a manner that is both understandable and which constructively contributes to a dialog around the further enhancement of driving safety. These individuals represent a cross-section of perspectives ranging from industry experts, academic researchers, safety advocates, current and former government employees with expertise in the area, and so on. Many of these contributions were provided on personal time. While all input was taken seriously and considered in the development of this report, it was ultimately taken as advisory. Final decisions about what was included in this report, the language used, and conclusions expressed are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the opinions or formal positions of any of the contributors mentioned, the organizations they are affiliated with, the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, or individual AAA Clubs. With the aforementioned in mind, the authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to everyone who commented on or otherwise contributed to this undertaking and, in particular, to AAAFTS for initiating and supporting the development of this work.

Canadian Multidisciplinary Road Safety Conference

2016

Background: A growing body of literature suggests that cognitive distraction increases the likelihood of being involved in an automobile crash and impacts traffic flow. The physical and cognitive changes associated with advancing age are known to negatively impact driving performance. Driving behaviors on the other hand often indicate better judgment and reduced risk taking with advancing age. In this paper, we assess data from an on-road experiment to determine the effects of age and cognitive distractions on lane choice and lane changing behavior. Methods: Three age groups (20's: n=36, 40's: n=35, and 60's: n=35) were monitored in an instrumented vehicle. During a portion of the drive, a delayed auditory recall task ("n-back") was presented to increase demands on drivers' attention and working memory. The task required participants to attend to a series of aurally presented single digit numbers. Participants were asked to verbally respond with the digit presented "n" positions previously. There were three levels of demand: 0-, 1-, and 2-back. Video records were reviewed to identify lane changes and time spent in the leftmost lane. Results: Odds of making a lane change was assessed through an ordered logit model. Results revealed that the 40's age group had a 115% times higher likelihood of exhibiting lane changes than the 60's age group. In addition, drivers in the 20 and 40 year old groups travelled for a longer period in the leftmost lane compared to the 60 year olds (35.8% and 33.5% vs. 14.2%, respectively). Regardless of age, performing a cognitive task decreased the odds of lane changing (1.59, 1.57, and 1.95 times for baseline vs. 0-, 1-and 2back task, respectively). Conclusion: Older adults adopt a more conservative driving style by not traveling in the left most lane as much as the younger groups and being less likely to change lanes than the 40 year olds. Cognitive workload reduced the likelihood of lane changes for all Proceedings of the 20