Uma avaliação do conceito de alienação nas teorias marxista (original) (raw)
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MARXIAN NOTION OF ALIENATION – A PHILOSOPHICAL OVERVIEW
IAEME PUBLICATION, 2021
Alienation constitutes one of the little known aspects of the political theory of Karl Marx, because it was without any significance as far as Marx’s theory was concerned. The idea of alienation is mainly drawn from “Marx’s Economic and Political Manuscript” (1844) which is known for its humanist content and written by Marx when he was in his mid-twenties. Alienation occurs prominently as a term in the 20th century social theory and criticism. It is characterized as socially harmful separation, disruption or fragmentation. Alienation translates into two terms which means estrangement and externalization. Alienation occurs when a person withdraws or becomes isolation from their environment or from other people. People who show symptoms of alienation will often reject loved ones or society. In everyday life the term ‘alienation’ has been variously used. The made is at variance in religion, in sociology, in science, in psychology or in philosophy. It is very difficult to understand this term because it is a multi-dimensional phenomena. In simple words, alienation is powerlessness, meaninglessness, normlessness, isolation and self-estrangement. It involves a view of human relationship not based on the principle of equality but of one man a master and another man a salve.
The Metamorphosis of the Alienation Concept
2020
This article touches the notion of alienation from Rousseau’s, Hegel’s and young Marx’s perspective, Althusser’s critique being its offset, which, according to, this concept stems from an abstract, metaphysical view of history and human agents’ activities. According to Althusser, alienation is indeed the humanistic expression of a back-to-origins philosophy and of lost human essence retrieval. Hence, the philosophy of contractual alienation (as a foundation of political community as per Rousseau), the interrogation of historical positivity from young Hegel’s writings and, last but not least, the alienated work critique elaborated by young Marx in Manuscripts of 1844 can be interpreted as variations around the same essential concepts of human history. In the attempt of overcoming such an undifferentiated approach, the study tries to highlight the original and particular reflection that each of these authors develop on the subject and highlights, at the same time, what they have in co...
Alienation as a Critical Concept
International Critical Thought, 2011
This paper discusses Marx's concept of alienated (or estranged) labour, focusing mainly on his account in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844. This concept is almost invariably taken to be a moral notion based on a concept of universal human nature. I criticize this view and argue that the concept of alienation must rather be interpreted in the light of Hegelian historical ideas. In Hegel, alienation is not a purely negative phenomenon. Human development must go through a stage of alienation. Marx's account of alienated labour must be understood in similar terms. It is not a merely subjective discontent with work, it is a objective and historically specific condition, a necessary part of the process of historical development. Marx usually regards it as specific to capitalism. The criticism of capitalism implied in the concept of alienation, it is argued, does not appeal to universal moral standards, it is historical and relative. Overcoming alienation must also be understood in historical terms, not as the realization of a universal ideal, but as the dialectical supersession of capitalist conditions of labour. Marx's account of communism as the overcoming of alienation is explained in these terms.
Theories of Alienation – Seeman and Marx
Marx and Digital Machines: Alienation, Technology, Capitalism, 2020
This chapter examines in detail the two contrasting approaches to alienation of Seeman and Marx detailing how key concepts of Marx’s theory of humanity affects his understanding of alienation. After discussing Seeman’s more routinely-favoured perspective the chapter outlines three problems with such alternative theories of alienation: first, the shadow of Marx and the political implications of his broad view; secondly, the difficulty in undertaking measurable, quantifiable work that is demanded by dominant positivist frameworks; and lastly the problem of the vague nature of the term alienation, that it is frequently synonymised with vague feelings of unease or dissatisfaction. The relation of alienation to reification is also discussed as well as the approaches of Blauner, Wendling and autonomist Marxism. The author concludes that it is feasible to research alienation using Marx’s categories and approach to social analysis because they offer greater penetrating explanatory power tha...
CONCEPT OF ALIENATION IN THE WORKS OF K. MARX AND J. BAUDRILLARD
WISDOM 2(26), 2023
This article examines the philosophy of J. Baudrillard as a continuation and simultaneously as a critique of K. Marx's philosophy. A comparison of both philosophies is drawn based on the specific example of the concept of alienation, which played an exceptionally important role in both Marx's and Baudrillard's concepts. Baudrillard, like Marx, uses the concept of alienation mainly as a tool to criticize modern society and the human condition in it. Moreover, like Marx, Baudrillard views alienation in close connection with the notion of private property. Yet along with this, as the article demonstrates, Baudrillard, in contrast to Marx, sees alienation not at all as a separation of man from his own universal essence, but on the contrary, as a dissolution in the social (to which Baudrillard attributed not a universal, but a concrete-historical meaning; this is reflected, for example, in the name consumer society for Western society in the second half of the 20th century).
The Concept of Alienation and the Development of Marx’s Thought
[contribution to a planned Festschrift for David McLellan] One of David McLellan’s most important contributions to Marxist scholarship is his insistence and his demonstration, particularly in his edition of Marx’s Grundrisse, of the continuity between Marx’s early and later work. He shows that the Hegelian influence on Marx extends into his later work, and that the concept of alienation continues to play a major role in his thought. In this chapter I will extend this argument by showing that, even where the language of `alienation’ is not explicitly used, the concept is present in Marx’s later works. The idea of a sharp break in the development of Marx’s philosophy leads to a seriously distorted understanding of it. It is wrong to see the concept of alienation in the early works as purely ethical. On the contrary, it embodies the beginning of Marx’s attempt to understand and analyse the nature of capitalism in economic and social terms. In his later work the language of alienation is for the most part discarded, but not the fundamental ideas first expressed in 1844. In particular, the theme of alienation and its overcoming is embodied in the concepts of abstract labour and fetishism which have a prominent place in Capital and play a central role in the critique of capitalism in that work.
Marx's Concept of Alienation: With a Brief Assessment
Since the collapse of Euro-Communism in 1989, the ideas of Marx have largely been discarded as little more than historical relics. There is a good reason for the neglect. The governments that Marxism spawns are among the most brutal in history. Equally condemnable for a philosopher who bases his theory on a science of historical development, most of Marx's key predictions turn out to be incorrect. What then is left of Marx's principles? This paper argues that Marx is best understood as a critic of the injustice of industrial societies. Marx's essential critical concept is alienation. The paper presents the first complete analysis of Marx's treatment of alienation and offers a brief assessment of how this concept applies to our time.
Dokuz Eylul University The Journal of Graduate School of Social Sciences, 2022
Marx’s conceptualization of alienation is influenced by his predecessors Hegel and Feuerbach. However, Marx neither accepts these conceptualizations as they are nor makes a synthesis of them. Instead, he builds his original theory of alienation on the criticism of his predecessors’ views on the subject. As a result, Marx’s theory of alienation becomes materialistic, historical and social. The historical and social conditions Marx was in pointed to the capitalist mode of production and the alienation of the working class caused by it as the causes of unfreedom. In the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, he focuses on the wage worker’s alienation stemming from the labour process. The purpose of this article is to present Marx’s critique of his predecessors in grounding the concept of alienation and his original contribution. For this, first of all, Marx’s criticisms of Hegel’s and then Feuerbach’s alienation theories will be explained. In this context, three points of criticism will be identified for each of them. Then, Marx’s theory of alienated labour will be discussed and the four aspects of the alienation of the worker will be examined. Based on Marx’s definition of alienated labour as forced labour, it will be argued that what causes alienation to productive activity, which Marx attributes a principal role compared to other aspects, is not division of labour or unpleasant work—or working conditions—but rather forced labour, which is a characteristic of the modes of production based on private property. The question of whether alienation is specific to capitalism, which arises with this determination, may be a precursor for future studies.
Desiring Alienation in Capitalism. Zeal to De-alienate in Socialism (Crisis&Critique7.11.17)
One of the syndromes of the anti-capitalist critique of alienation, both in politics and aesthetics, has been a strange aberration cases what is criticized is simultaneously desired and accepted as the condition of vicious contemporaneity; so that repulsion to it overlaps with the fascination with it. The unconscious acceptance of vicious capitalist contemporaneity along with its fierce critique is inevitable in the conditions of impossibility of its sublation. Therefore the resisting strategy against alienation often resides in exaggerating and intensifying what is vicious. Consequently, radical tools of imagining or installing de-alienation are rejected as redemption. Such paradox is often manifested in the contempt to the philosophic and artistic contexts of historical socialism. Meanwhile, research of Soviet Marxists (Ilyenkov, Vygotsky, Leontiev) in psychology, philosophy and political economy reveals concrete cases of accomplished de-alienation and its continuity with the polit-economical achievements of October Revolution. The question then is whether we, the capitalist subjects, are able to share such onto-ethics.
Alienation - from the Perspectives of Marx and Rousseau
International Journal of Social Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR), 2018
Marx and Rousseau both belong to figures in history that have philosophized and put into action plans and programs that demonstratively distorted the face of politics and history. Their theory of alienation affixes value to things that advance human freedom, well-being and development. Each deliberate a set of ideology which would guide their various societies to complete political reform, stepping away from established model of political run to new models which they alleged better represents man. Marx believes that alienation depraves us of good genuine lives, It restrictions our capabilities and don't permit us to realize our complete potentials. Marx further alleged that alienation is a negative and unnatural aspect of capitalism and worker exploitation. Rousseau on hand disagrees; he feels that it is the positive product of social order, in a social order which is the good of the people. The paper explores the concept of Alienation from Marx and Rousseau perspective.