Flavobacterium tilapiae sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater pond, and emended descriptions of Flavobacterium defluvii and Flavobacterium johnsoniae (original) (raw)
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY, 2013
A Gram-staining-negative, catalase-and oxidase-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacterial strain isolated from fresh water in Trabzon, Turkey and designated MK3 T was characterized by phenotypic and molecular methods in order to determine its phylogenetic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain MK3 T was shown to belong to the genus Flavobacterium, being most closely related to Flavobacterium ceti CECT 7184 T (93.6 %). Sequence similarity with other species of the genus Flavobacterium with validly published names was less than 91.6 %. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain MK3 T to the genus Flavobacterium. The only menaquinone was MK-6; the major fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 (45.2 %), summed feature 9 (C 16 : 0 10-methyl and/or iso-C 17 : 1 v9c; 20.4 %) and summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 v7c and/or C 16 : 1 v6c; 13.3 %) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified phospholipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 38.6 mol%. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed strain MK3 T to be distinguished phenotypically from Flavobacterium ceti CECT 7184 T . Strain MK3 T , therefore, represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium anatoliense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MK3 T (5LMG 26441 T 5NCCB 100384 T ). An emended description of Flavobacterium ceti is also proposed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY, 2014
Flavobacterium tructae sp. nov. and Flavobacterium piscis sp. nov., isolated from farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Four Gram-staining-negative, catalase-and oxidase-positive, pale-orange pigmented bacterial strains (435-08 T , 47B-3-09, 412R-09 T and 60B-3-09) were isolated from diseased rainbow trout. Analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested their adscription to the genus Flavobacterium. Strains formed two phylogenetic groups represented by strains 435-08 T and 47B-3-09 (group A), and strains 412R-09 T and 60B-3-09 (group B) displaying 16S rRNA sequence similarities greater than 99.8-99.9 % within their respective groups. Strain 435-08 T exhibited the highest levels of similarity with Flavobacterium aquidurense WB-1.1.56 T (98.6 % sequence similarity) and strain 412R-09 T with Flavobacterium frigidimaris KUC-1 T and Flavobacterium aquidurense WB-1.1.56 T (98.9 % and 98.6 % sequence similarity, respectively). DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed low levels of relatedness between strain 435-08 T and strain 412R-09 T and between both strains and the most closely related species of the genus Flavobacterium. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains 435-08 T and 412R-09 T were 36.2 and 34.3 mol%, respectively. The predominant respiratory quinone of both strains was MK-6 and the major fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 , C 16 : 1 v7c and C 15 : 0 . The two groups of strains could be distinguished from each other and from related species of the genus Flavobacterium by a number of phenotypic properties. Phylogenetic, genotypic and phenotypic evidence indicated that strains of groups A and B represent two novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the names Flavobacterium tructae sp. nov. (type strain 435-08 T 5CECT 7791 T 5CCUG 60100 T ) and Flavobacterium piscis sp. nov. (type strain 412R-09 T 5CECT 7911 T 5CCUG 60099 T ) are proposed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY, 2012
Three Gram-staining-negative non-endospore-forming strains were isolated from farmed fish in Chile: one (LM-09-Fp T ) from a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the others (LM-19-Fp T and LM-20-Fp) from two Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that all three isolates belonged to the genus Flavobacterium. In these analyses, strain LM-09-Fp T appeared most closely related to the type strains of Flavobacterium chungangense (98.5 % sequence similarity), Flavobacterium glaciei (98.2 %), Flavobacterium aquidurense (97.6 %), Flavobacterium saccharophilum (97.6 %) and Flavobacterium hercynium (97.6 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains LM-19-Fp T and LM-20-Fp were found to be identical and most similar to the corresponding sequences of the type strains of Flavobacterium aquidurense (98.6 %), Flavobacterium frigidimaris (98.5 %), Flavobacterium hercynium (97.9 %), Flavobacterium saccharophilum (97.7 %) and Flavobacterium pectinovorum (97.7 %). For each of the three novel strains, menaquinone (MK-6) was the predominant respiratory quinone and the major compounds in the polar lipid profile were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid, phosphatidylserine and two or three unknown lipids. The fatty acid profile of each strain, which comprised major amounts of iso-C 15 : 0 , C 15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 v7c and/or iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH) as well as smaller amounts of various hydroxylated fatty acids (e.g. iso-C 16 : 0 3-OH, iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH, C 16 : 0 3-OH and C 15 : 0 3-OH), indicated that each belonged to the genus Flavobacterium. Based on their physiological and biochemical characteristics and the results of DNA-DNA hybridizations, which showed relatively low levels of relatedness between the novel strains and the most closely related Flavobacterium species, strain LM-09-Fp T (5LMG 26360 T 5CCM 7940 T ) represents a novel species within the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium chilense sp. nov. is proposed, and strains LM-19-Fp T (5LMG 26359 T 5CCM 7939 T ) and LM-20-Fp (5LMG 26331) represent a second novel species within the same genus, for which the name Flavobacterium araucananum sp. nov. is proposed.
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2020
A Gram-staining-negative non endospore-forming strain, T13(2019)T was isolated from water samples from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry culture in Chile and studied in detail for its taxonomic position. The isolate shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with the type strains of Flavobacterium chungangense (98.44 %) followed by Flavobacterium tructae and Flavobacterium spartansii (both 98.22 %). Menaquinone MK-6 was the predominant respiratory quinone in T13(2019)T. Major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an ornithine lipid and the unidentified polar lipids L1, L3 and L4 lacking a functional group. The major polyamine was sym-homospermidine. The fatty acid profile contained major amounts of iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and various hydroxylated fatty acids in smaller amounts, among them iso-C16 : 0 3-OH, and C15 : 0 3-OH, which supported the grouping of the isolate into the genu...
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY, 2009
Strains WB 3.3-2 T , WB 3.2-61 T , WB 4.1-42 T and WB 2.3-68 T were isolated from the Westerhö fer Bach hard water rivulet, North Germany. The strains were Gram-staining-negative and catalase-, aminopeptidase-and oxidase-positive. The novel strains lacked flagella and only strain WB3.2-61 T showed gliding motility. Isolates WB 3.2-61 T , WB 4.1-42 T and WB 2.3-68 T produced flexirubin pigments. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the novel strains showed ,98.2 % similarity to the type strains of all recognized species of the genus Flavobacterium. Strains WB 3.3-2 T and WB 4.1-42 T shared 96.3 % sequence similarity and were only distantly related to the type strains of all of the members of the genus Flavobacterium. Strain WB 3.2-61 T branched adjacent to Flavobacterium limicola DSM 15094 T (98.0 %), while strain WB 2.3-68 T was a neighbour of Flavobacterium psychrophilum DSM 3660 T (97.1 %). On R2A medium, iso-C 15 : 0 was the common major fatty acid; fatty acids C 15 : 0 , C 16 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 3-OH, iso-C 17 : 1 v9c, iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (comprising C 16 : 1 v7c and/or iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH) occurred in all strains though sometimes in low amounts. Metabolic properties revealed clear differences between the four isolates as well as between the isolates and their nearest phylogenetic neighbours. The lack of close relatedness was confirmed by Riboprinter and MALDI-TOF analyses of cell extracts. On the basis of a high number of phenotypic differentiating properties and phylogenetic uniqueness, four novel Flavobacterium species are proposed with the following names: Flavobacterium rivuli (type strain WB 3.3-2 T 5DSM 21788 T 5CIP 109865 T), Flavobacterium subsaxonicum (type strain WB 4.1-42 T 5DSM 21790 T 5CIP 109867 T), Flavobacterium swingsii (type strain WB 2.3-68 T 5DSM 21789 T 5CIP 109868 T) and Flavobacterium reichenbachii (type strain WB 3.2-61 T 5DSM 21791 T 5CIP 109866 T).
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY, 2013
Two strains (T16T and S12) of a Gram-reaction-negative, rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented bacterium were recovered from kidneys of feral spawning adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and the gills of captive-reared Chinook salmon fingerlings suffering a mortality episode, respectively. Polyphasic characterization revealed that these strains possessed gliding motility, contained a flexirubin-type pigment, proteolysed multiple substrates (i.e. gelatin, casein and elastin), and had a mean DNA G+C content of 35.6 mol%. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that strains T16T and S12 were nearly identical to one another (>99 % similarity) and were placed within the genus Flavobacterium , with Flavobacterium aquidurense CCUG 59847T (98.3 %), Flavobaterium araucananum CCUG 61031T (98.2 %) and Flavobacterium frigidimaris (AB183888, 98.1 %) being their closest relatives. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses using neighbour-joining, maximum-parsimony and Bayesian methodologies demo...
Flavobacterium plurextorum sp. nov. Isolated from Farmed Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
PLoS ONE, 2013
Five strains (1126-1H-08 T , 51B-09, 986-08, 1084B-08 and 424-08) were isolated from diseased rainbow trout. Cells were Gram-negative rods, 0.7 mm wide and 3 mm long, non-endospore-forming, catalase and oxidase positive. Colonies were circular, yellow-pigmented, smooth and entire on TGE agar after 72 hours incubation at 25uC. They grew in a temperature range between 15uC to 30uC, but they did not grow at 37uCor 42uC. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates belonged to the genus Flavobacterium. Strain 1126-1H-08 T exhibited the highest levels of similarity with Flavobacterium oncorhynchi CECT 7678 T and Flavobacterium pectinovorum DSM 6368 T (98.5% and 97.9% sequence similarity, respectively). DNA-DNA hybridization values were 87 to 99% among the five isolates and ranged from 21 to 48% between strain 1126-1H-08 T , selected as a representative isolate, and the type strains of Flavobacterium oncorhynchi CECT 7678 T and other phylogenetic related Flavobacterium species. The DNA G+C content of strain 1126-1H-08 T was 33.2 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-6 and the major fatty acids were iso-C 15:0 and C 15:0 . These data were similar to those reported for Flavobacterium species. Several physiological and biochemical tests differentiated the novel bacterial strains from related Flavobacterium species. Phylogenetic, genetic and phenotypic data indicate that these strains represent a new species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium plurextorum sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain is 1126-1H-08 T ( = CECT 7844 T = CCUG 60112 T ). Citation: Zamora L, Fernández-Garayzábal JF, Sánchez-Porro C, Palacios MA, Moore ERB, et al. (2013) Flavobacterium plurextorum sp. nov. Isolated from Farmed Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). PLoS ONE 8(6): e67741.
Flavobacterium vireti sp. nov., isolated from soil
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2015
A novel Gram-negative, aerobic, yellow-pigmented, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated as THG-SM1(T), was isolated from field soil collected from Suwon, South Korea. The strain was found to grow optimally at 28 °C, at pH 7.0 and in the absence of NaCl. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, strain THG-SM1(T) belongs to the genus Flavobacterium and is most closely related to Flavobacterium terrae KACC 11731(T), followed by Flavobacterium columnare KACC 11683(T) and Flavobacterium enshiense KCTC 23775(T). The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate was determined to be 38.5 mol%. In DNA-DNA hybridization tests, the DNA relatedness between strain THG-SM1(T) and its closest phylogenetic neighbour F. terrae was below 50 %. Flexirubin-type pigments were found to be present. The major polar lipid and isoprenoid quinone were phosphatidylethanolamine and menaquinone 6 (MK-6), respectively. The main cellular fatty acids were identified as iso-C15:1G, iso-C15:0 3OH, iso-C16:0 an...
2013 Flavobacterium anatoliense sp. nov., isolated from
A Gram-staining-negative, catalase-and oxidase-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacterial strain isolated from fresh water in Trabzon, Turkey and designated MK3 T was characterized by phenotypic and molecular methods in order to determine its phylogenetic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain MK3 T was shown to belong to the genus Flavobacterium, being most closely related to Flavobacterium ceti CECT 7184 T (93.6 %). Sequence similarity with other species of the genus Flavobacterium with validly published names was less than 91.6 %. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain MK3 T to the genus Flavobacterium. The only menaquinone was MK-6; the major fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 (45.2 %), summed feature 9 (C 16 : 0 10-methyl and/or iso-C 17 : 1 v9c; 20.4 %) and summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 v7c and/or C 16 : 1 v6c; 13.3 %) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified phospholipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 38.6 mol%. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed strain MK3 T to be distinguished phenotypically from Flavobacterium ceti CECT 7184 T . Strain MK3 T , therefore, represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium anatoliense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MK3 T (5LMG 26441 T 5NCCB 100384 T ). An emended description of Flavobacterium ceti is also proposed.