The scope and meaning of the term “police” in the political literature of the late Republic of Nobles (original) (raw)
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1 There is an area where the scopes of both concepts overlap e.g. if the obligated entity does not clean the road when there is a glazed frost, it will thus not only disturb public order, but also cause a threat to public safety. There area also situations where the two concepts do not overlap, e.g. when the obligated entity does not mark its plot of land with a plate showing the number of the plot. Then, it disturbs public order, but cannot be really recognised as disturbing public safety. A similar situation occurs when night peace is disturbed. 2 W. Fehler, Bezpieczeñstwo wewnêtrzne wspó³czesnej Polski. Aspekty teoretyczne i praktyczne,
This book aims to provide a general support and awareness raising of core notions related to the democratic police system in a federal structure. The book presents the core concepts that are necessary to understand what policing means in federal contexts, what it entails in terms of legal and organizational features. Such a clarification is essential so that authorities can have a clear vision of what the implementation of various federal scenarios will entail for their country. In total, four main points have been highlighted, all of which are crucial for the establishment of a police system: • Structure of the political system (on the federal, state, regional, municipal levels) • Structure of police forces (national, local) • Nature of police forces (ministerial affiliation) • Powers of police forces.
Lytvyn V. The features of the lustration of the police system: the practice of post-communist countries of Europe (on the example of Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic) / Vitaliy Lytvyn // Studium Europy Srodkowej i Wschodniej. – 2018. – Nr. 9. – S. 67–81., 2018
The article is dedicated to comparative analysis of causes, peculiarities of the implementation and consequences of the lustration of police system in post-communist countries of Europe, in particular in Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. It has been revealed that the features of the lustration and liberalization of police system in post-communist Poland, Hungary, Czechia and Slovakia were extremely various and therefore they were able to lead to various organizational and functional consequences and results of police functioning: both at the level of its transformation from an instrument of protection of the autocratic regime into a democracy oriented institution and at the level of processes of its demilitarization, professionalization, specialization, demystification, reduction, decentralization, decriminalization and so on. The author argued that the problem of all the analyzed countries of the region was the fact that the lustration of police system was used (or still continues to do so) to a large extent as manipulative technology by political rivals and media. At the same time, it was discovered that Poland, Hungary, Czechia and Slovakia used various models of lustration law and policy towards secret police and they are largely dependent on different models of transition from authoritarianism to democracy. Keywords: police, police system, secret police, lustration, post-communist Europe.