Temperament differences in boys and girls from 3 to 5 years old (original) (raw)
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A Study on Social Competence and Temperament of Pre-School Children’s
Journal of Education and Learning, 2016
The purpose of this research is to explore the social competence and temperament of 4-6 age group children attending pre-school education institutions, to identify whether their social competence levels vary by gender, and to show the relationship between the sub-dimensions of social competence and those of temperament. The study group consists of n=148 female children and n=180 male children in 4-6 age group receiving pre-school education. The data were collected via the Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Scale-SCBE 30 and the Short Temperament Scale for Children. The data were analyzed via independent-samples t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The findings were evaluated at .05-.001 significance level. The research findings indicated that children’s social competence levels significantly vary by gender (p<05), and there are positive and negative significant relationships between the sub-dimensions of social competence and those of temperament (p<.05, p<....
2020
According to , the concept of temperament is applied when we refer to children, adolescents or adults, especially when we want to know more about a person's activity, mood or emotional responses. Thus, temperament is a set of individual traits, with biological origins, present from early childhood, showing some kind of continuity over time. Assuming that the assessment of temperament is informative of a child's functioning, it isrelevantto have valid instruments to collect this kind of data. The studies presented in this paper are part of a broader research project that aims to understand the development of children aged from 0 to 60 months. More specifically, the two studies generally aim to validate the Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ1) for 13 and 24 months of age for the Portuguese population, using mothers as informants. The first sample consisted of 289 infants aged between 11 and 20 months (Study 1) and the second sample comprised 398 children aged between ...
Journal of Human Growth and Development, 2013
O temperamento é considerado um conjunto de traços individuais, com origem em parte biológica, que sedemonstram desde a infância precoce e que apresentam algum grau de continuidade ao longo do tempo.Desta forma, e uma vez que a avaliação do temperamento permite compreender de forma mais aprofundadao funcionamento da criança, torna-se necessária e relevante a validação de instrumentos que permitamrecolher este tipo de informação nos mais variados contextos. Os estudos que aqui se apresentam estãoinseridos num projecto de investigação mais amplo que visa conhecer melhor o desenvolvimento decrianças com idades compreendidas entre os 0 e os 60 meses de idade. Mais especificamente, os doisestudos mencionados têm como objectivo geral validar o Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ1)para os 13 e para os 24 meses de idade para a população portuguesa, junto de mães. Assim, recorreusea duas amostras de conveniência. A primeira amostra é composta por 289 bebés com idadescompreendidas entre...
TEMPERAMENT AS A PREDICTOR OF THE PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN THE FIRST GRADE PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN
In order for the child to be accepted by the new peer system, it is necessary for him or her to express certain competencies that are desirable in a peer group. The prosocial behavior is, as socially adaptive behavior, considered to be one of the preferred forms of a group behavior. This study examines the role of temperament as a predictor of a manifestation of the prosocial behavior. The sample consisted of 98 children, the primary school first graders in Novi Sad (53.1% girls). The following instruments were applied: Prosocial Behavior Assessment Scale – the form for teachers, and Temperament Assessment Scale – the short form for teachers. The results of the univariate analysis of the covariance show that the dimensions of temperament and gender as a set of predictors represent a good predictive model that explains 28.5% of the variance of the prosocial behavior (F(11)=7.00, p<.00). Of six dimensions of temperament (activity, distractibility, persistence, initial reaction, intensity, adaptability), only the dimension adaptability (beta = 0.36, p <0.01) and gender (beta=.73, p<.05) proved to be statistically significant in predicting the manifestation of the prosocial behavior when it comes to the children of the first grade of primary school. The child that has a higher level of adaptability as an individual characteristic and girls will be more willingly and ready to express prosocial behaviors due to social learning, personal traits to adequately adapt to different situations and interactions, and willingness to accept change.