Farmer practices that influence risk factors, prevalence and control strategies of rabbit coccidiosis in Central Kenya (original) (raw)

Prevalence of Rabbit Coccidia in Medea Province, Algeria.

World Vet. J., 2019

Coccidiosis has an economic impact for poultry and livestock. The current study examined the prevalence of Eimeria infections in domestic rabbits in Medea province, North of Algeria. A total of 414 faecal samples were collected from 50 farms in six regions of the province. Each faecal sample was subjected to oocyst counting and isolation. The Eimeria species from samples containing isolated and sporulated oocysts were morphologically identified microscopically. The overall prevalence of coccidial infections was 47.6% (197/414). Weaners had the highest prevalence (77%, 77/100, P< 0.0001), followed by growing rabbits (46.8%, 30/64) and the adult rabbits showed the lowest prevalence (36%, 18/50). In breeding rabbits, females were more infected with a prevalence of 40% (P< 0.0001). Eleven rabbit Eimeria’s species were present and identified from oocyst positive samples. Eimeria magna and Eimeria media were the most prevalent species (47.6% and 47.3%). Sulfonamides showed a better protection against rabbit coccidiosis than colistin and trimethoprim association (P< 0.0001, prevalence of 23.3% vs. 65.3% respectively). These results indicated that the prevalence of coccidiosis is high among the rabbit population in Medea province, North of Algeria. As a conclusion, it seems that the epidemiological situation of rabbit coccidiosis in Medea province must be taken into consideration in order to minimize the economic losses caused by this parasitosis

Coccidiosis in rabbits in a subtropical hilly region

Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2015

A detailed study on rabbit coccidiosis in a subtropical hilly region of India regarding prevalence, intensity of infections, species involved and control measures adopted during mortality in a rabbit farm due to coccidiosis, was undertaken for awareness of the rabbit owners of the hilly region. Overall 57.28% rabbits were found positive for coccidial infections. Mortality in rabbit was diagnosed due to coccidiosis. Six species of Eimeria were identified i.e. E. magna, E. exigua, E. piriformis, E. coecicola, E. intestinalis and E. media and thus intestinal coccidiosis were found responsible for such mortality. Treatment with oral administration of amprolium soluble powder 20% w/w @1g/ litre of drinking water for 10 days was found to be effective to control the mortality while individual treatment was found effective to control mortality rather than group treatments. A correlation between occurrences of coccidiosis with meteorological parameters was also established. It has been concluded from this study that pathogenesity of species of Eimeria and effectiveness of medicine are region specific. Only intestinal coccidiosis could able to causes mortality in rabbit without involvement of the hepatic coccidiosis. The rainy season particularly the month of August was very much susceptible for coccidian infection in subtropical hilly region.

Development of Preventing Means for Rabbits’ Coccidiosis

EUREKA: Health Sciences, 2019

The great problem of rabbits breeding today is coccidiosis. An agent of the disease spreads not only through ill animals and is preserved well in the external environment. Oocysts of coccidia live in cells for a long time, so even temporal vacation of an accommodation between placing of rabbits doesn’t prevent infection. It was experimentally proved, that there is a very limited spectrum of means that are coccidiostatics. For preventing and controlling rabbits’ eimeriosis, coccidiostatic means were tested. It is very difficult to annihilate coccidia in vivo and in vitro because of peculiarities of their construction. The aim of the first experiment was to determine the influence of an acidifier Cronocyde L and its components on oocysts of coccidia that allows to determine an optimal composition and concentration of the preparation. At conducting the research, there was used the flotation method of Fulleborn and McMaster one for calculating oocysts. The aim of the second experiment w...

The Study of Effectiveness of Coccidiosis Prophylaxis in Young Rabbits

International Scientific Conference, 2019

Coccidiosis (eimeriosis) is an animal disease that is widespread in the world and causes significant economic damage to the agriculture. Due to the technological features of keeping rabbits in cages, they are massively susceptible to this disease. Studies show, that the infection of rabbits with coccidiosis in different areas varies from 30 to 100 %. The death of infested young rabbits reaches 80-100 %. Sick animals lag behind in growth and lose from 12 to 30 % of their weight. Adult animals are less sensitive to coccidiosis, but they are carriers and sources of the eimeric infection [2, p. 46-47; 4]. Thus, the protection from coccidiosis is an important area of veterinary medicine. In connection with the rapid adaptation of the simplest Eimeria to the drugs used, it is necessary to constantly search for new treatment regimens and to replace them reasonably [5, p. 159-162; 6]. The aim of this research is to determine the time of occurrence of resistance of the coccidiosis causative agents to the acidifier "Kronocide-L" as well as to develop recommendations on prevention the reduction of treatment effectiveness. Scientific novelty of the workthe relationship between the drugs used for the treatment of rearing females and underperformance of these drugs in the treatment of young animals was determined, as well as schemes and recommendations to prevent this phenomenon were developed.

Prevalence of coccidian infection in rabbit farms in North Algeria

Veterinary World, 2018

Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of rabbit coccidiosis (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in North Algeria. Materials and Methods: During the study, 40 rabbit farms were investigated. The farms are located in the provinces of Tizi Ouzou, Médéa, and Djelfa which distributed, respectively, into three regions: East Tell Atlas Mountains, Central Tell Atlas Mountains, and High Plateaus. The number of oocyst per gram of feces (OPG) was determined by McMaster technique, and the Eimeria species were identified using morphological criteria. Results: In the farms investigated, the prevalence of coccidian infection was estimated to 90% (80.7-99.3%) in rabbits after weaning. The classification of the farms according to their parasite load allowed us to show that 37.5% of the prospective farms have an oocyst excretion between 10 4 and 5×10 4 oocysts per gram and 22.5% excrete >5×10 4 oocysts per gram. Excretion levels by region show that the region of East Tel Atlas Mountains ranks first with 79% of farms with a parasitic load >10 4 coccidians compared to the regions of Central Tel Atlas Mountains and High Plateaus. In total, eight species of Eimeria were identified from oocyst-positive samples. Mixed infections with four Eimeria species were common. E. magna is the dominant species in comparison with E. media and E. irresidua with respective frequencies of 42.5% and 17.6% and 14.9% (p<0.001). Our results showed that the farms using anticoccidial drugs for their rabbits were low (25%) and the percentage of farms with poor hygienic conditions was 65%. There was a significant association between increased oocysts excretion and control measures of coccidian infection. Conclusion: The study revealed an overall prevalence of 90% in the three Algerian regions. A strong association was observed between Eimeria infection and hygienic status and preventional chemotherapy.

Disease management practices among rabbit farmers in Enugu State Nigeria

Journal of Agricultural Extension, 2018

The study assessed disease management practices among rabbit farmers in Enugu State, Nigeria. Structured interview schedule was used for data collection from 67 respondents in the state, using snow ball sampling technique. Descriptive statistics was used in data analyses. Findings reveal that the majority of the rabbit farmers were single male, with mean age of 20years and 1.2years of experience in rabbit farming. The majority (73.1%) of the respondents had a stock size of 1-10 rabbits with mean flock size of 2 rabbits. New Zealand white was the most possessed and preferred breed. Greater proportion (55.2%) of the respondents obtained their breeding stock from other farmers, with health status being the most important factor considered when selecting breeding stock. The study established that 68.9% of the respondents used modern drugs in treatment of diseases and hence, recommended that extension agents should reach out to rabbit farmers with relevant information that could boost their production and in turn increase their living standard.

Coccidiosis: A Parasitic Disease of Significant Importance in Rabbits

World Vet. J., 2020

Rabbits are considered an important and healthy source of animal protein all over the world. They are susceptible to important diseases that can reduce their productivity, causing severe economic losses. Coccidiosis is one of the important protozoon diseases caused by Eimeria species. Rabbits are highly susceptible to coccidiosis, especially after weaning time. Coccidiosis in rabbits has two forms, namely hepatic and intestinal. Affected animals indicated the symptoms of diarrhea, reduced appetite, dehydration, and weight loss as well as liver and intestinal lesions. Diagnosis is based on the detection of the infective stages of the protozoon in feces or affected tissues. Prevention and control are achieved by adopting hygienic measures and using different anticoccidial drugs. The use of natural alternatives for the prophylaxis of coccidiosis in rabbits indicated promising results. Vaccine production trials are still under investigation. Accordingly, this review article aims to shed light on coccidiosis in rabbits considering pathology, diagnosis, and control.

Intestinal coccidiosis infection in domestic rabbits

International Journal of Biological Research, 2014

The present study reports about the intestinal coccidiosis in a commercial rabbit farm. Seven New Zealand white rabbits were died in a commercial rabbit farm in Tirupati during the month of August. All the rabbits had signs of anorexia, diarrhea, dullness and weakness. Rabbits were necropsied and collected the intestinal contents for laboratory examination. Up on post mortem examination, hyperemic and oedematous intestinal mucosa was noticed. Oocysts of Eimeria spp. were detected in the faeces of all the rabbits. The collected oocysts were transferred into 2.5% aqueous potassium dichromate solution for sporulation. Faecal samples were examined by modified McMaster technique to determine oocyst counts which had ranged from 13,200 to 16,400.

Intestinal and hepatic coccidiosis among rabbits in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Veterinary World, 2019

Background and Aim: The attention to rabbit meat production in Indonesia is comparatively less to other farm animals such as cattle and poultry industries. However, future prospect of rabbit to be seriously industrialized seemed quite promising due to rabbit is highly productive and has short reproduction cycle as well as generation interval. One of the diseases infecting many rabbits is coccidiosis caused by protozoan parasite, Eimeria spp. The infectious stage of Eimeria spp. presents ubiquitously in the environment and increases the risk of parasite transmission. Preventive methods such as vaccination are not yet fully developed, while sporadic treatment is not efficiently reduce the cases. In this study, Eimeria spp. infecting rabbits in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia, were investigated with the aim for precise diagnosis to determine targeted treatment and as a baseline epidemiological data from rabbit in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Sample collection was performed randomly for 3 months, from March 2017 to May 2017 and covered areas in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A total of 750 samples were collected. Eimeria species identification was determined morphologically from the samples after sporulation in 2.5% potassium dichromate by COCCIMORPH. Results: Ten species of Eimeria spp. were identified in this study from the positive samples (527/750; 70.3%). Eimeria flavescens was present in 80% of the positive samples, Eimeria coeciola in 78%, Eimeria perforans in 61%, Eimeria exigua in 37%, Eimeria media in 33%, Eimeria stiedae in 31%, Eimeria irresidua in 12%, Eimeria magna in 11%, Eimeria intestinalis in 10%, and Eimeria piriformis in 10%. Coinfection as noted in 80% of the positive samples with 2-6 species in a specimen. E. flavescens and E. coeciola were the most prevalent among all Eimeria spp. (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Eimeria spp. is detected in high prevalence among rabbit in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, with commonly occurs in mixed infections. In this paper, we describe Eimeria spp. that are circulating in Indonesia and present it as updated information to farmers and veterinarians. To the best of our knowledge, we provided the first information about rabbit coccidiosis in Indonesia. Keywords: coccidiosis, Indonesia, rabbit.