Burden of intestinal parasites amongst HIV/AIDS patients attending Bamenda Regional Hospital in Cameroon (original) (raw)
Related papers
BMC Infectious Diseases
Background Malaria and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection constitute public health problems in Cameroon including the South West Region (SWR). This study determined the prevalence of malaria parasites and haematological abnormalities in HIV positive patients in Limbe, Cameroon from April–July 2014. Methods The study was cross-sectional and involved 411 participants who were administered structured questionnaires to record socio-demographic and clinical data. Three hundred and nine (309) HIV positive patients and one hundred and two (102) HIV negative individuals were examined clinically and venous blood collected for malaria parasite detection, HIV infection diagnosis and full blood count analysis. Results Overall malaria parasite prevalence was 14.1% (58/411). This prevalence was significantly higher (P
2020
Background: Both malaria and intestinal parasites are endemic in Cameroon, and their co-infection can be of great impact on haematological parameters among people living with HIV (PLWH). This crosssectional study determined the prevalence and impact of malaria/intestinal parasite co-infections on haematological parameters in PLWH and HIV negative individuals in Buea, Cameroon from March-August 2019. Methods: The study population (500) comprised of 190 PLWH, 216 HIV consenting negative individuals from the Buea community and 94 HIV negative patients at the Buea Hospital outpatient department (OPD). Participants were examined clinically, and the collected blood sample was used for malaria parasite (MP) detection, HIV diagnosis and full blood count analysis. Stool samples were examined for the detection of intestinal parasites (IPs) using the formol-ether concentration and modi ed Zheil-Neelsen techniques. Proportions were compared using Pearson's Chi-square test and association of anaemia with the independent variables was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis Results: Overall, MP, IPs and MP/IPs co-infection prevalences were 17.0% (85), 13.0% (65) and 2.2% (11) respectively. When compared with HIV negative participants from the communities, PLWH had the highest prevalence of MP (16.3%, P = 0.17), IPs (23.7%, P 0.001) and MP/IPs co-infection (3.7%, P = 0.04). Plasmodium falciparum was the only malaria parasite identi ed. Detected protozoa (10.2%) were Cryptosporidium species and Entamoeba histolytica while detected helminths (3.8%) were Ascaris lumbricoides, Schistosoma mansoni, hookworm, Dipylidium caninum, Hymenolepis nana and Taenia species. Cryptosporidium species (16.8%, 32) was the most prevalent protozoan IP while hookworm (2.6%, 5) was the most prevalent helminth among PLWH. The signi cant risk factors associated with anaemia included being aged 21-30 years (P=0.029), a male (P<0.001), MP positive (P<0.001), HIV positive (P<0.001) and feverish (P<0.001). Participants co-infected with HIV, MP and IP had a signi cantly lower mean haemoglobin value (10.56 ±1.21 g/dl). Conclusion: Malaria and intestinal parasites are still public health concern among PLWH and coinfections have negative in uence on haematological parameters especially haemoglobin concentration. Routine screening for malaria and IPs in PLWH is recommended, as well as haemoglobin concentration monitoring.
Prevalence and density of malaria parasitaemia amongst HIV Individuals in Warri, Nigeria
African Health Sciences, 2021
Background: Malaria parasite has been observed to be a common infection in Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), an increase malaria infection in adults. Objective: This experimental study is sets to determine the prevalence and density of malaria parasitaemia in Warri community, South-Southern Nigeria. Methods and Results: A total of 600 participants were screened for Human immunodeficiency virus and malaria parasite using WHO systems two and Geimsa staining technique for thick and thin blood films and absolute parasite counts done respectively. The prevalence rate of 38% and 39% were obtained for malaria parasite infection among HIVSP and HIV/ span>SN respectively. The difference in malaria parasite infection was not statistically significant (P>0.05) between HIVSP and HIVSN. However, the mean parasite density in HIVSP was significant (P<0.05) when compared with HIVSN. The mean parasite densities of 2384 ± 747 and 1883 ± 645 were recorded for HIVSP and HIVSN respectively. The mean parasite densities of 2385 ± 782 and 2383 ± 717 observed for males and females respectively showed no statistical significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study has shown a high prevalence of malaria parasite among the HIV infected subjects.
The prevalence of malaria in people living with HIV in Yaounde, Cameroon
BMC Public Health, 2016
Background: Coinfection with malaria and HIV is common in Sub-Saharan Africa. In the advent of a decline in the global incidence of malaria, it is important to generate updated data on the burden of malaria in people living with HIV (PLWHIV). This study was designed to determine the prevalence of malaria in PLWHIV in Yaounde, Cameroon, as well determine the association between CD 4 + T cell count and malaria in the study population. Methods: In a cross sectional study performed between April 2015 and June 2016, 355 PLWHIV were enrolled and blood samples were collected for analysis. Complete blood count was performed using an automated haematology analyser (Mindray®, BC-2800) and CD 4 + T cell count was performed using a flow cytometer (BD FASCount™). Giemsastained blood films were examined to detect malaria parasite. The Pearson's chi-square, student's T-test, ANOVA, and correlation analysis were all performed as part of the statistical analyses. Results: The prevalence of malaria observed in the study was 7.3 % (95 % CI: 4.8-10.6). No significant association was observed between the prevalence of malaria and age or gender. The prevalence of malaria was higher in participants who were not sleeping in insecticide treated bed nets, ITNs (p < 0.001); and in participants who were not on cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (p = 0.002). The prevalence of malaria (p < 0.001) and malaria parasite density (p = 0.005) were observed to be progressively higher in participants with CD 4 + T cell count below 200cells/μl. Furthermore, the mean CD 4 + T cell count was observed to be lower in participants coinfected with malaria compared to non-coinfected participants (323.5 vs 517.7) (p < 0.001). In this study, a negative correlation was observed between malaria parasite density and CD 4 + T cell count (p = 0.019). Conclusions: A low prevalence of malaria was observed in the study population. Some of the factors accounting for the low prevalence of malaria in this study population may include the health seeking habit of PLWHIV, the use of cotrimoxazole based chemoprophylaxis, and their cautious use of ITNs.
Journal of Advances in Microbiology
Background: Malaria and HIV are among the most important health problems of our time overlap extensively and co-infecting large numbers of people. The study was designed to determine the prevalence of malaria infection among those living with HIV/AIDS within age and sex groups. Methods: A total of 200 blood samples of patients within the age range of 1 to 60 years old, attending Federal Medical Center, Keffi were examined for the presence of malaria parasites by thick blood film using Geimsa stain. Standard laboratory procedures were used for HIV screening and plasmodium parasites identification. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) among age groups; with (1-10), (11-20) and (41-50) have the highest prevalence rate of infection (71.4%), while age (51-60) have the lowest prevalence (40%). In relation to gender female have the higher prevalence rate of (67.2%), while male have (61.5%). The research also revealed that patients with CD4 cell count less than 200 cells µℓ-1 has the higher prevalence rate of malaria infection (36.1%). Conclusion: This indicates that HIV/AIDS patients have the highest rate of malaria and this could
Malaria Parasites Burden at Various Stages of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
2019
ABSTRACT<br> Background: Studies have shown that there are more incident and severe occurrences of malaria among HIV infected individuals, and markers of HIV disease sequence exacerbate during acute malaria. This study was designed to evaluate the malaria parasites burden on various stages of HIV among infected subjects. Total of 116 co-infected subjects were used and compared with HIV mono-infected and apparently healthy subjects. Method: About 8mls of venous blood sample was drawn from each subject. Malaria parasite density was determined by blood film examination as well as assay of some immune-cellular and biochemical parameters using Sysmex Kx-21N automated Haematology Analyzer. Result: The study showed that HIV stage I present the highest prevalence of co-infection (22.4%) whereas stage III had the least prevalence (3.0%) of co-infection. The malaria parasites density was highest in stage III with mean value of 805.00±589.53/μl. This mean value was higher (p<0.05) tha...
Journal of Tropical Medicine
Background. Despite public health significance of dual infections of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria in developing countries like Nigeria, information on the association between malaria parasite density count (MPDC) and hematological parameter changes among HIV-infected individuals is rarely available. Objectives. To evaluate burden of HIV and malaria dual infections and assess the predictive association of MPDC with hematological parameter changes among HIV infected adults attending two antiretroviral treatment clinics in Kano, Nigeria. Methodology. This was a cross-sectional study consisting of 1521 consented participants randomly selected between June 2015 and May 2016. Participants’ basic characteristics and clinical details were collected using a pretested and validated standardized questionnaire. Collected venous blood was analyzed for malaria by rapid testing and microscopy including malaria parasite density; hematological parameters were estimated using a Sysm...
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2016
Background. Cotrimoxazole (CTX) discontinuation increases malaria incidence in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infected individuals. Rates, quantity, and timing of parasitemia rebound following CTX remain undefined. Methods. Serial specimens from a trial of HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) randomized to continue (the CTX arm) or discontinue (the STOP-CTX arm) were examined for malaria parasites by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Specimens obtained at enrollment and then quarterly for 12 months and at sick visits were assessed; multiplicity of infection was evaluated by PCR that targeted the polymorphic msp-1/msp-2 alleles. Results. Among 500 HIV-infected adults receiving ART (median ART duration, 4.5 years), 5% had detectable parasitemia at baseline. After randomization, parasite prevalence increased over time in the STOP-CTX arm, compared with the CTX arm, with values of 4% and <1%, respectively, at month 3, 8% and 2% at month 6, 14% and 2% at month 9, and 22% and 4% at month 12 (P = .0034). The combined mean parasite density at the various time points was higher in the STOP-CTX arm (4.42 vs 3.13 log 10 parasites/mL; P < .001). The parasitemia incidence was 42.0 cases per 100 person-years in the STOP-CTX arm and 9.9 cases per 100 person-years in the CTX arm, with an incidence rate ratio of 4.3 (95% confidence interval, 2.7-7.1; P < .001). After enrollment, mixed infections (multiplicity of infection, >1) were only present in the STOP-CTX arm. Conclusion. Discontinuation of CTX by HIV-infected adults receiving ART resulted in progressive increases in malaria parasitemia prevalence and burden. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01425073.
International journal of healthcare and medical sciences, 2020
Malaria is still considered globally as a leading cause of morbidity with Nigeria carrying the highest burden of 19%. Coinfection of malaria and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) accelerate disease progression of HIV/AIDS subjects. This study investigated the prevalence and predictors of malaria among HIV infected subjects attending the antiretroviral therapy Clinic at Federal the Medical Centre, Keffi, Nigeria. After ethical clearance, 200 whole blood specimens were collected from patients who gave informed consent and completed a self-structured questionnaire. The specimens were examined for malarial parasite using rapid kits and microscopy. The overall prevalence of the infection was 78/200 (39.0%). The prevalence was higher in male (44.7%) than female (34.0%) subjects. Those subjects aged < 20 years (54.5), male gender (44.7%), non-formal education holders (61.5%), farmers (62.5%), stream water users (48.1%), those that lives in rural setting (43.6%), those that do not use Insecticides Treated Nets (ITNs) (39.4%) and swampy environment dwellers (41.7%) were identified predictors for malaria infection in the area. All the predictors studied did not show any statistically significant difference with the infection but some arithmetic difference exists (P > 0.05). The 39.0% prevalence of malaria in HIV infected subjects is a public health concern. Therefore, Public health surveillance and health education among HIV population should be advocated to help eradicate malaria comes 2030. Further study that will characterize the genes of the parasite should be carried out.
OALib, 2016
Introduction: Malaria infection and HIV infection are major public health issues in several parts of the world. Together they have caused more than a million deaths per year. Africa, and Sub-Saharan in particular are the most affected. Our study objective is to determine the prevalence of Malaria/HIV co-infection and describe its immunological, virological, parasitic and biological characteristics. Methodology: This is a descriptive, transversal and multi centric study done on 18 years old and above HIV positive patients, for a period extending from December 2008 to October 2009 in 5 different HIV treatment centres. Parameters studied were gender, age, CD4 count, viral load, parasite density and haemoglobin level. The HIV diagnosis was made according to the AIDS National Program and malaria according to the Malaria National Program. Statistic analyses were done using Epi Info 7 software and the Yates corrected Chi Square test or the Fischer Exact test (when recommended) was used to check any link between different parameters studied. Statistical significance was fixed at <0.05. Results: 405 HIV seropositive patients were compiled. The malaria prevalence in these patients was 6.9%. Majority of co-infected patients were aged between 26 and 49 years (67.9%), and had a CD4 count <200 μl (67.9%), a parasitic density <10,000 trophozoites/μl (75%) and an Hb level <11 g/dl. With regards to correlations between co-infected patients parasitic density and the CD4 count, viral load and Hb level, none of the studied parameters showed any statistic significance difference. Conclusion: A prevalence of 6.9% among HIV/malaria co-infected patients and 67.7% of these patients had a CD4 count less than 200 cells/μl. Thus, both national programs must promote an early testing for HIV infected patients and reinforce preventive measures in the management of malaria. C. Kakisingi et al.