A Review on the Kenaf/Glass Hybrid Composites with Limitations on Mechanical and Low Velocity Impact Properties (original) (raw)
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Tremendous growth of science and technology over the past few decades demands a new and hybrid material to meet variety of purposes. Composite materials are one among those new emerging engineering material which plays a major role in auto motive parts. Thus our project is based on valuating the mechanical properties and behavior of kenaf, banana, and neem fibres as hybrid composites which in case proposed for automotive components. These three were the dispersed phase and the epoxyresinas the matrix phase. We chose kenaf as the main reinforcement material as it does have promising properties on impact and tensile which are the most important while considering automotive components. The samples were made by using hand layup technique which is the conventional way of producing hybrid composites. Three samples were made. The first sample was made with kenaf fibre/ GFRP, another was with kenaf and banana fibres and the third was with kenaf and neem fibres. Thus the mechanical properties and behaviors of these samples were identified by Tensile, Impact, Flexural and Hardness tests and these properties were compared with existing automotive component properties.
The objectives of this work were to investigate the effect of kenaf fiber alignment on the mechanical and fatigue properties of kenaf/glass hybrid sandwich composites. Three types of kenaf fibers were used, namely, non-woven random mat, unidirectional twisted yarn, and plain-woven kenaf. A symmetric sandwich configuration was constructed with glass as the shell and kenaf as the core with a constant kenaf/glass weight ratio of 30/70% and a volume fraction of 35%. Tensile, compression, flexural, and fully reversed fatigue tests were conducted, and a morphological study of the tensile failure surface of each hybrid composite was carried out. The non-woven mat kenaf hybrid had poor properties for all tests, while the unidirectional kenaf hybrid composite possessed higher tensile strength and similar compressive properties compared with the woven kenaf. Hybridization with kenaf fibers improved the fatigue degradation coefficient of the final composites to 6.2% and 6.4% for woven and unidirectional kenaf, respectively, compared with 7.9% for non-woven. Because woven kenaf hybrid composite is lightweight, environment friendly, and has a considerable balance in static and fatigue strengths with low fatigue sensitivity in bidirectional planes compared to glass, it is strongly recommended for structural applications.
The Influence of Woven Density on Tensile Properties of Hybrid Kenaf/Glass Composites
The synergy of natural fibre and synthetic fibre reported to overcome natural fibre drawback. This study focus on, plain weave of kenaf fibre with different weaving density effects on its tensile properties in hybridization with non-woven mat glass. The weaving density directly affect composites fibre loading, increased in weaving density hence increase fibre loading and composite weight. Two type of woven kenaf fabrics were weaved by lab scale self-designed hand loom, varies in warp direction. For comparison purposes, kenaf composite for both type of woven kenaf fabricated by compression moulding. The tensile properties and its failure mechanism were revealed in this study. Kenaf composite with higher woven density shows slightly reduce it tensile strength even though increased in composite fibre loading. Both kenaf composites achieved tensile strength at 83.85 MPa and 75.61 MPa respectively. However, tensile modulus calculated as comparable for both composites with results as 8.92 MPa and 8.29MPa. Hybrid kenaf/glass composites however exhibits, drastic drop in tensile strength and modulus effect of weaving density. Drop in tensile strength about 28% with increased in weaving density, hybrid kenaf low woven density tensile strength measured at 85.5 MPa meanwhile hybrid kenaf high weaving density composites dropped to 51.7 MPa. Tensile modulus for the composites measures at 9.88 MPa and 6. 75 MPa for low and high woven density hybrid composites respectively. Failure mechanism analysis has found that fracture was dominantly by kenaf yarn in both parameters.
BioResources, 2018
The goal to decrease global dependency on petroleum-based materials has created a demand for bio-based composites. Composites that are reinforced with natural fibers often display reduced strength compared with those using synthetic reinforcement, and hybridizing both types of reinforcement within a common matrix system offers a possibly useful compromise. This research investigated the low-velocity impact performance of glass, kenaf, and hybrid glass/kenaf reinforced epoxy composite plates. The aim of the study was to determine the low-velocity impact behavior of biocomposite material in assessing its potential for application in the radome structures of aircraft. Natural fibers possess low dielectric constants, which is a primary requirement for radome. However, the structural integrity of the material to impact damage is also a concern. Composite samples were prepared via a vacuum infusion method. A drop weight impact test was performed at energy levels of 3 J, 6 J, and 9 J. The Impact tests showed that the impact peak force and displacement increased with the energy level. Hybrid glass/kenaf composites displayed damage modes of circular and biaxial cracking. The former is analogous to the damage observed in glass-reinforced composite, while the latter is unique to woven kenaf reinforced composites. The severity of the damage increased with impact energy and was found to be significant at 3 J.
Mechanical performance of woven kenaf-Kevlar hybrid composites
Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2014
Hybrid composites offer a combination of advantages of constituent components to produce a material with determined properties. In the present work, woven hybrid composite was prepared by hand lay-up method in laminate configuration. Kevlar/kenaf hybrid composites were fabricated with total fibre content of 30% and the ratio of Kevlar/kenaf varies in weight fraction of 78/22, 60/40, 50/50, 26/74, and 32/68, respectively. The Kevlar/epoxy and kenaf/epoxy were also prepared for comparison. The mechanical properties of hybrid, kenaf/epoxy, and Kevlar/epoxy composites were tested. Morphological properties of tensile fracture surface of hybrid composites were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Results have established that the mechanical properties of kenaf-Kevlar hybrid composites are a function of fibre content. The hybrid composites with Kevlar/kenaf (78/22) ratio exhibited better mechanical properties compared to other hybrid composites. This result indicates the potential of Kevlar-kenaf hybrid composite for impact applications.
Mechanical properties of kenaf/fiberglass polyester hybrid composite
In a view to reduce the cost of production and the harmful destruction in normal environment, there's a lot of research have been conducted or still ongoing for the possibility of using natural fibers which are wholly degradable in the combination of biodegradable thermoplastic materials. This research will focus on Kenaf; an extremely valuable natural fiber with robust mechanical properties. In this research, kenaf fiber/fiberglass reinforced with unsaturated polyester composites were subjected to water absorption test. Water absorption test were conducted by immersing specimens into three different environmental conditions including sea water, distilled water and rain water (acidic solutions) at room temperature from 1 st day until 4 th week. The effect of the mechanical strength of the hybrid composties is investigated. In general, the mechanical properties of kenaf fiber are deteriorated after the moisture penetrates into the composite. The strain to failure increases from 1 st day until 3 rd week followed by a drastically drop at 4 th week. The humidity aging is one of the evidence found in SEM micrograph which contributes to the reduction of tensile modulus.
Tensile and Compressive Properties of Woven Kenaf/Glass Sandwich Hybrid Composites
International Journal of Polymer Science, 2016
Monotonic (tensile and compression) properties of woven kenaf/glass reinforced unsaturated polyester sandwich hybrid composites have been experimentally investigated. Five types of composites laminates were fabricated using a combination of hand lay-up and cold press techniques, postcured for two hours at 80°C and left for 48 hours at room temperature. The hybrid composites contained fixed six layers of glass as a shell, three on each side, whereas the number of core kenaf layers was changed in three stages to get S1, S2, and S3 hybrid composites. Composites specimens with pure glass and kenaf were also fabricated for comparison. It was found that one kenaf layer replaced about 20% of total fiber weight fraction of the composite; this leads to reducing the density of final hybrid composite by 13%. Besides, in mechanical properties perspective, there are less than 1% reduction in compression strength and 40% in tensile strength when compared to pure glass composite. Generally, the re...
Economic and environmental concerns lead the researchers toward development of sustainable and renewable materials of which reinforced composites are part of. The abundantly available natural fibers have attracted the researchers to study their performance as reinforcements and feasibility for making automobile components. The performance of composite materials is mainly assessed through their mechanical properties. However, natural fibers to date were mainly used as reinforcements to create bulk composite components with reduced cost rather than improved mechanical performances. Among the methods available for improving mechanical properties of the natural fiber composites, combined mercerization treatment, hybridization, and incorporation of fly ash fillers in the matrix are the best solutions. Therefore, the objective of this research is to evaluate the tensile properties of hybrid kenaf/glass composites with and without fly ash particulate filler as per ASTM standards. Moisture absorption behavior and its effect on the tensile properties of hybrid composites are also investigated. The results revealed that the addition of 10wt % fly ash particles with natural fiber composites increased the tensile strength of composites while hybridization with glass fibers reduced the water absorption properties.
Natural–synthetic fiber hybrid composites offer a combination of high mechanical properties from the synthetic fibers and the advantages of renewable fibers to produce a material with highly specific and determined properties. In this study, plain-woven kenaf/glass reinforced unsaturated polyester (UP) hybrid composites were fabricated using the hand lay-up method with a cold hydraulic press in a sandwich-configuration laminate. The glass was used as a shell with kenaf as a core, with an approximate total fiber content of 40%. Three glass/kenaf weight ratios percentages of (70/30)% (H1), (55/45)% (H2), and (30/70)% (H3) were used to fabricate hybrid composites. Also pure glass/UP and kenaf/UP were fabricated for comparison purposes. Monotonic tests, namely tensile, compression, and flexural strengths of the composites, were performed. The morphological properties of tensile and compression failure of kenaf and hybrid composites were studied. In addition, uniaxial tensile fatigue life of hybrid composites were conducted and evaluated. The results revealed that the hybrid composite (H1) offered a good balance and the best static properties, but in tensile fatigue loading (H3) displayed low fatigue sensitivity when compared with the other hybrid composites.