Some non-cellulosic b-D-Glycans from plant sources (original) (raw)
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Partial Characterization of Glycans from Daedalea quercina (L) Fr
KIMIKA, 2016
Heteroglycans were extracted and isolated from the fruiting bodies of wild mushroom Daedalea quercina (L) Fr. These were obtained from sequential extraction with hot water, 1% Ammonium oxalate then 5% Sodium hydroxide solution followed by ethanol or acidic precipitation affording crude extracts which were further purified by dialysis membrane (MWCO 12 400). Separation by charge and size were done using DEAE-cellulose column and Sephadex G-100 or Sepharose CL-4B. This resulted to water soluble neutral (W1P-1A) and acidic (W1P-2A) glycan isolates, ammonium oxalate soluble (A1P-1) and two alkali soluble (N1P-1 and N1P-2) glycan isolates. Characterization of the hydrolyzed isolates using HPAEC-PAD and MALDI TOF MS showed glucan-rich heteroglycans (W1P-1A and W1P-2A); glucan and mannan rich heteroglycan, (N1P-1) and galactan-rich heteroglycan (A1P-1). The latter being the first reported galactan-rich glycan found in ammonium oxalate mushroom extract. The hydrolysates had approximately 4...
Synthesis of O- and C-glycosides derived from β-(1,3)-d-glucans
Carbohydrate Research, 2013
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.
A novel water-soluble β-(1→6)-d-glucan isolated from the fruit bodies of Bulgaria inquinans (Fries)
Carbohydrate Research, 2009
A low molecular-weight polysaccharide named BIWP2 was purified from the fruit bodies of Bulgaria Inquinans (Fries) via hot-water extraction, followed by freeze-thawing and gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-75. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that BIWP2 contained exclusively glucose. High performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) showed that it was a homogeneous polysaccharide fraction. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 2.6 KD and the polydispersity index (M w / M n ) was calculated to be 1.4. Periodate oxidation, methylation, and NMR analyses indicated that BIWP2 was a linear b-(1?6)-D-glucan without side chains. This is the first time to report a linear b-(1?6)-D-glucan with low molecular weight in non-lichenized ascomycete.
Chemistry, physico-chemistry and applications linked to biological activities of β-glucans
Natural Product Reports, 2011
Covering: up to the end of 2010 b-Glucans is the common name given to a group of chemically heterogeneous polysaccharides. They are long-or short-chain polymers of (1/3)-b-linked glucose moieties which may be branched, with the branching chains linked to the backbone by a (1/6)-b linkage. b-(1,3)-Glucans are widely distributed in bacteria, algae, fungi and plants, where they are involved in cell wall structure and other biological function. b-Glucans have been shown to provide a remarkable range of health benefits, and are especially important against the two most common conventional causes of death in industrialized countries, i.e. cardiovascular diseases (where they promote healthy cholesterol and blood glucose levels) and cancer (where they enhance immune system functions). This Highlight provides a comprehensive and up-to-date commentary on b-glucans, their chemistry, physico-chemistry, functional role in immunological responses, and possible applications as therapeutic tools. In addition, we discuss the mechanism behind their health benefits, which are not yet fully understood.
Structural analysis of glucans
Annals of translational medicine, 2014
Glucans are most widespread polysaccharides in the nature. There is a large diversity in their molecular weight and configuration depending on the original source. According to the anomeric structure of glucose units it is possible to distinguish linear and branched α-, β- as well as mixed α,β-glucans with various glycoside bond positions and molecular masses. Isolation of glucans from raw sources needs removal of ballast compounds including proteins, lipids, polyphenols and other polysaccharides. Purity control of glucan fractions is necessary to evaluate the isolation and purification steps; more rigorous structural analyses of purified polysaccharides are required to clarify their structure. A set of spectroscopic, chemical and separation methods are used for this purpose. Among them, NMR spectroscopy is known as a powerful tool in structural analysis of glucans both in solution and in solid state. Along with chemolytic methods [methylation analysis (MA), periodate oxidation, par...
Natural and Modified (1→3)-β-D-Glucans in Health Promotion and Disease Alleviation
A number of polysaccharides with β-glycosidic linkage are widespread in nature in a variety of sources. All have a common structure and the (1→3)-β-D-glucan backbone is essential. They have attracted attention over the years because of their bioactive and medicinal properties. In many cases their functional role is a mystery, in others it is well established. Because of their insoluble chemical nature, particulate (1→3)-β-D-glucans are not suitable for many medical applications. Various methods of changing or modifying the β-D-glucan chemical structure and transforming it to a soluble form have been published. The β-D-glucan bioactive properties can be affected positively or negatively by such modifications. This review examines β-glucan sources in nature, health effects and structure-activity relationships. It presents the current state of β-D-glucan solubilization methods and discusses their effectiveness and application possibilities for the future.
2019
Glycan are fascinating biomolecules found abundantly in Nature. This precious compound has very high potential in various domains useful to mankind. Some Glycans are known to have anti tumor property. These biomolecules are less explored for their application potential. Glycan was isolated from a medicinal mushroom, a macro fungus known as Ganoderma lucidum. This fungus is well known for its therapeutic value and it is known as Reishi mushroom in Japan and China. The glycan from this fungus were isolated and the structural composition was studied. By trial and error we isolated the compound and structurally identified as beta glucan. Having great potential it is worthwhile to study this molecule.
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2015
a b s t r a c t D-Glucans from edible mushrooms present diversified chemical structures. The most common type consists of a backbone of -D-glucose (1 → 3)-linked frequently branched at O-6 by -D-glucose residues as side chains. However it is possible to distinguish ␣-, and mixed D-glucans. Further discrimination could be made on the basis of glycosidic bond position in a pyranoid ring, distribution of specific glycosidic bonds along the chain, branching and molecular weight. The present manuscript reviews the processes of extraction, purification and chemical characterization of D-glucans, such as NMR studies, methylation analysis, Smith degradation, and some other methodologies employed in carbohydrate chemistry characterization. In addition, these polysaccharides are important because they can provide many therapeutic benefits related to their biological activity in animals and humans, either immunostimulatory activity, inhibiting tumor growth, as well as exerting antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory action, among others, which are usually attached to their structure, molecular weight and degree of branching.
Biochemistry, 2003
Detergent extracts of microsomal fractions from Saprolegnia monoïca and blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) cells were incubated with UDP-glucose to yield in Vitro (1f3)-D-glucans. The insoluble products were analyzed by conventional and cryo transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and 13 C CP/MAS NMR, and their molecular weights were determined by light scattering experiments. All the products were microfibrillar, but for the detergent extracts from S. monoïca, important morphological differences were observed when the pH of the synthesizing medium was modified. At pH 6, the product had a weight average degree of polymerization (DP w) exceeding 20 000 and consisted of endless ribbonlike microfibrils. The microfibrils obtained at pH 9 had a length of only 200-300 nm, and their DP w was ∼5000. Of all the in Vitro (1f3)-D-glucans, the one from R. fruticosus had the shortest length and the smallest DP w. Crystallographic and spectroscopic data showed that the three in Vitro samples consisted of triple helices of (1f3)-D-glucans and contained substantial amounts of water molecules in their structure, the shortest microfibrils being more hydrated. In addition, the long microfibrils from S. monoïca synthesized at pH 6 were more resistant toward the action of an endo-(1f3)-D-glucanase than the shorter ones obtained at pH 9. These results are discussed in terms of molecular biosynthetic mechanisms of fungal and plant (1f3)-D-glucans, and in relation with the possible existence of several (1f3)-D-glucan synthases in a given organism. The interpretation and discussion of these observations integrate the current knowledge of the structure and function of (1f3)-D-glucans.