Assessment of Scalable and Fast 1310-nm Optical Switch for High-Capacity Data Center Networks (original) (raw)
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DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement:
Heterogeneous Optical Space Switches for Scalable and Energy-Efficient Data Centers
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Optical space switches are key elements for the next generation of switching fabrics in backbone routers, high performance computing systems, and large data processing and storage systems. A number of architectures and alternative options for gating elements have been proposed, assessed, and implemented for a limited port count. The challenge is to further enhance the scalability and energy efficiency of space switches to support future traffic loads. This paper proposes a heterogeneous implementation of the space switches based on two different types of gating elements, namely semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) and Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZI). With respect to the existing homogeneous implementations, a higher energy efficiency can be achieved by minimizing the number of SOAs, but crosstalk is introduced by MZI. To reduce the power consumption while still guaranteeing adequate physical layer performance, the design of both Spanke and multi-stage architectures is optimized by strategically placing the different gating and amplification elements, and a physical layer analysis is carried out to validate the performance. The proposed heterogeneous implementation is able to achieve power savings up to 10% and 50% in the Spanke and multi-stage Beneš architectures, respectively, with respect to SOA-based space-switch implementations. Moreover, an improvement of the physical layer performance is achievable in the Spanke architecture thanks to the different placement of the SOAs.
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Current data centers (DCs) networks rely on electronic switching and point-to-point interconnects. When considering future DC requirements, point-to-point interconnects will lead to poor network scalability and large power consumption. For this reason several optical switched interconnects for DCs have been recently proposed. However, the proposed optical switching solutions suffer from low flexibility and are not able to provide service differentiation. Furthermore, very few studies evaluate possible improvements in energy efficiency offered by optical switching solutions. In this paper we introduce a novel architecture of interconnects for DCs based on hybrid optical switching (HOS). HOS combines three different optical switching paradigms, namely circuit, burst and packet switching within the same network. Furthermore, HOS envisages the use a two parallel optical switches, a slow and low power consuming switch for the transmission of data using circuits and long bursts, and a fast switch for the transmission of packets and short bursts. The possibility of choosing between circuits, bursts and packets ensures the flexibility required by future DCs. At the same time, the option to select the most suitable switch technology for each data flow guarantees high transmission efficiency and low power consumption.
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DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement:
Hybrid Optical Switching for Data Center Networks
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Current data centers networks rely on electronic switching and point-to-point interconnects. When considering future data center requirements, these solutions will raise issues in terms of flexibility, scalability, performance and energy consumption. For this reason several optical switched interconnects, which make use of optical switches and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), have been recently proposed. However, the solutions proposed so far suffer from low flexibility and are not able to provide service differentiation. Furthermore, very few studies evaluate scalability and energy consumption and make extensive comparison with current data center networks. In this paper we introduce a novel data center network based on hybrid optical switching (HOS). HOS combines optical circuit, burst and packet switching on the same network. In this way different data center applications can be mapped to the optical transport mechanism that best suits to their traffic characteristics. Furthermore, the proposed HOS network achieves high transmission efficiency and reduced energy consumption by using two parallel optical switches; a slow and low power consuming switch for the transmission of circuits and long bursts, and a fast switch for the transmission of packets and short bursts. We consider the architectures of both a traditional data center network and the proposed HOS network and present a combined analytical and simulation approach for their performance and energy consumption evaluation. We demonstrate that the proposed HOS data center network achieves high performance and flexibility while considerably reducing the energy consumption of current solutions.
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We present the dimensioning of an optical packet switching network for energy-efficient intradata-center connections. Our approach relies on one or two interconnection stages derived from the timewavelength-interleaved network concept and relying on fast wavelength-tunable lasers. We compare several options by numerical simulation to increase the bit rate of the intra-data-center links up to 112 Gbit/s. The analysis focuses on pulse-amplitude modulation (4 and 8 PAM), where a pre-distortion mechanism is introduced and three types of optical receivers are taken into account. Possible dispersion of device characteristics is taken into account. The single-stage system should enable us to connect 48 servers using 8 PAM and semiconductor-optical amplifier (SOA)-PIN in conjunction with a 62.5 GHz grid. In the two-stage configuration, this number increases up to 1488.
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