COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTRES AS THE PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES SUPPORT SYSTEM IN HEALTHY INDONESIA PROGRAM: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN WEST JAVA INDONESIA Original Article (original) (raw)

Community Health Centres as the Pharmaceutical Services Support System in Healthy Indonesia Program: An Observational Study in West Java Indonesia

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 2021

Objective: The Healthy Indonesia Programme with a family approach strategy was launched by the Indonesian government in 2015. Pharmaceutical service, including drug supply management and clinical pharmacy, is one of the essential components for the program implementation. This study was aimed to evaluate the pharmaceutical services support in the Healthy Indonesia Programme in West Java Indonesia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study observed on pharmaceutical services under the family approach programme description. A self-completed questionnaire was distributed to 39 accredited community health centres (CHCs) in West Java, Indonesia. Several indicators of the Standard Pharmacy Services were assessed. Results: Thirty-nine CHCs were involved in this study. Most of the CHCs were accredited as intermediate (59%) and have applied good pharmaceuticals and consumables inventory management. The online system and more training will give room for improvement. A big gap was found in hum...

The Evaluation of Clinical Pharmacy services Performance at Community Health centers of sebatik island regency of Nunukan province of north Kalimantan (Indonesia-Malaysia Border

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2020

Health is a basic human right and one of the prosperity elements. However, in its implementation, health services are still not relatively optimal, notably for people living in underdeveloped, border, and island regions. This study primarily aimed to examine the performance of clinical pharmacy services based on the rules of the Indonesian Minister of Health Number 74 of 2016 concerning pharmaceutical service standards in the community health center. This study applied a descriptive-correlative model with a quantitative approach carried out in all Sebatik Island community health centers. All data were analyzed based on seven aspects of clinical pharmacy services consisting of assessment and prescription services, drug information service, counseling, patient visit, drug side effects monitoring, drug therapy monitoring, and the use of medical evaluation. Data collection was conducted by observation using a list of viewers, questionnaires, and interviews, equipped with retrospective data through documentary examination to give a clear depiction. The results of this study showed that the performance of clinical pharmacy services at Sebatik Island community health centers was as follows: zero aspect (0%) was at very high criteria, two aspects (29%) were at high criteria, zero aspect (0%) was at medium criteria, two aspects (29%) were at low criteria, and three aspects (43%) were at very low criteria. The average performance of clinical pharmacy services due to the seven aspects was 52% or considered in low level.

Assessment of patient care indicators at community pharmacies in Bandung City, Indonesia

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2014

Community pharmacies supply medications; therefore are involved in the patient care process. The objective of this study was to study the quality of patient care given by these pharmacies. We conducted a cross sectional study of 13 community pharmacies in Bandung City, Indonesia. Data collected were patient care indicators whose standard is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). These were assessed by observing 1961 subjects who presented to the studied pharmacies to receive their medication. The average dispensing time was 62 seconds. Ninety-six percent of the prescribed medicine was dispensed correctly and 99% of the prescribed medication was sufficiently labeled. Only 88% of patients were able to repeat the correct dosage regimen of their prescribed medicines. Although the average dispensing time was greater than the recommended 60 seconds, the dispensing time ranged from 3 to 435 seconds. Greater attention should be focused on making sure the patient understands the dos...

Mapping of Community Pharmacy Practices in Medan City Indonesia

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development

Pharmaceutical practice standards are benchmarks used, especially pharmacists in carrying out pharmaceutical services. But this pharmaceutical practice has not been carried out by community pharmacy pharmacists. Pharmaceutical services are very dependent on the application of established practice standards. Therefore, revitalization efforts need to be made to meet the criteria of pharmaceutical practice in accordance with the applicable standards. This study aims to ensure that community pharmacy practice in Medan city and coaching efforts to restore pharmaceutical practices are in accordance with predetermined standards. This is a cross sectional descriptive research, using quistionnaires in Juni – September 2020. The research sample 105 pharmacist in community pharmacy taken by cluster random sampling. The results showed that the community pharmacy practice has not been running according to standards. The percentage of pharmacies with accreditation A was 67.6%, accredited B 21.0%,...

Developing Consensus Indicators to Assess Pharmacy Service Quality at Primary Health Centres in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019

Background: There have been no existing performance indicators to measure the overall quality of pharmacy services, including the aspects of drug management and clinical pharmacy services, at primary health centres in Indonesia. This study aimed to obtain these indicators based on a consensus of experts. Methods: The modified Delphi method was used to obtain the consensus. The initial indicators, based on a literature review, were evaluated and assessed by members of the expert panel through three rounds of repetition until the consensus was reached. The expert panel members were selected based on their knowledge of or expertise in pharmacy service performance and geographical considerations. Analysis of the expert panel consensus level was determined by calculating the mean and interquartile range. Results: Fifteen expert panel members started the first round (93.7% of the 16 targets) with 12 of them (75%) completing the third round of the modified Delphi method. Three expert panel members were representatives of the Regency Health Office, and the others were pharmacist practitioners at primary health centres from three different regencies. The consensus results were 26 indicators of drug management, 19 indicators of clinical pharmacy services, and two indicators of overall pharmacy performance. Conclusion: The consensus indicators for measuring drug management, clinical pharmacy services, and overall pharmacy performance can be used as a reference and standard to measure the quality of pharmacy services at primary health centres. Therefore, the measurement results are more relevant if compared between one and other studies.

Overcoming Shortage of Pharmacists to Provide Pharmaceutical Services in Public Health Centers in Indonesia

Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional, 2013

Indonesia is facing shortage of pharmacist in public health centers (PHCs), therefore the local government and PHCs have to cope with this problem. This paper aimed to describe the pharmaceutical manpower availability in PHCs, the problems occurred and potential applied solutions. Data was taken from National Health Facility Research 201. Quantitative data related to pharmaceutical manpower in PHCs was analyzed descriptively based on regions. Supporting qualitative data through in-depth interviews with the health office staffs in Bogor and Bekasi and pharmacists in four PHCs were conducted and being analyzed using thematic analysis. It was found that Sulawesi had the highest percentage of PHCs having pharmacist (29.1%) while Eastern Indonesia 51.5% of PHCs didn’t have any staff with pharmacy related educational background. The highest percentages of staff composition were pharmacy technician followed by nurse. The main problem was due to high workload with limited manpower available...

Pharmaceutical Services in Community Pharmacy in East Jakarta

The objective of this study was to primarily focus on description of delivery of health care services by community pharmacies in terms of Good Pharmacy Practice and customer knowledge and perception about self-medication in East Jakarta Municipality. A crosssectional study design using structured questionnaire was done to describe the good pharmacy practice in community pharmacy and self-medication practice among the customers. Questionnaire was developed based on the four elements of good pharmacy practice. For customers, scores for self-medication practice was divided into information from pharmacies (Score 1) and their knowledge about the drug they bought at interviewing time (Score 2). Ninety eight pharmacists and 294 customers were interviewed in this study. As a conclusion in terms of good pharmacy practice, 69.4% of pharmacies were concluded less than good. A significant association was found between job status of pharmacist, frequency of pharmacist practice, type of pharmacy and number of prescription with good pharmacy practice. From customers, 88.1% of respondents got information from pharmacies (Score 1) less or equal to 4, while 79.6% of the customer knowledge (Score 2) higher or equal to 5. The summary for self-medication practice was fair in 71.8% customers. The association was found significantly in education and income of customer with knowledge of customer (Score 2). By Spearman correlation test, there was a significant association between information from pharmacies (Score 1) and good pharmacy practice. In conclusion, the practice of community pharmacy in East Jakarta was less than good; the self-medication practice among customer in East Jakarta also less than good. There is a gap in education/information practice to customers that can be fulfilled by pharmacist in the community.

Perception on clinical pharmacy services in a private hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020

Clinical pharmacist in Indonesian hospitals has begun to be recognized as an essential part of the healthcare team along with physicians, nurses and other healthcare professionals. While recognition is still on the way, the implementation of clinical pharmacy services is still limited. This could occur because of various factors, one of which is the lack of interprofessional collaboration. Interprofessional collaborations with other healthcare provider are necessary for a pharmacist to implement their clinical services. Hence, health professionals' perception of clinical pharmacy services would give a contribution to developing strategies for the service in the hospital. This study aims to determine perceptions of health professionals in a private hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, on clinical pharmacy services. A total of 96 nurses and 17 physicians were given a questionnaire with items related to clinical pharmacy services. The result showed that health professionals had a pos...

Primary health care policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Indonesia

Pharmacy Practice

The practice of community pharmacy in low and middle-income countries, including in Indonesia, is often described as in the state of infancy with several intractable barriers that have been substantially and continuously hampering the practice. Such description might be valid in highlighting how pharmacy is practiced and the conditions within and beyond community pharmacy organizations. Therefore, it is not surprising that the concept of integrating community pharmacy into the primary care system may not be considered in the contemporary discourse despite the fact that community pharmacy has been operating within communities for years. However, in the case of Indonesia, we argue that changes in the health care system within the past decade particularly with the introduction of the universal health coverage (UHC) in 2014, may have significantly amplified the role of pharmacists. There is good evidence which highlights the contribution of pharmacist as a substantial health care elemen...