B-Cell development in lamina propria of the large intestine: influence of age and t-cell densities (original) (raw)
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Developmental Immunology, 1997
During early neonatal life, important changes occur in the gut. The intestine is challenged by both milk and a microbial flora. Later on, at weaning, the diet of mice changes from milk to pelleted food leading to changes in microbial contents. This period seems essential for a complete development of the mucosal immune system. We investigated the development of both intraepithelial (IEL) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL), from day 5, and every 5 days, up to day 30 after birth. IEL and LPL were isolated from the small intestine and the phenotype was assessed by FACS analyses, using antibodies for detection of T-cell markers CD3, TCRαβ, TCRγδ, CD4, CD8α, CD8β, CD5, CD18, CD54, and CD49d. Our data show a clear increase in the number of LPL just before weaning, while the number of IEL increased after day 15. A more mature pattern of membrane antigen expression of both IEL and LPL was observed at weaning. The adhesion molecules CD18, CD54, and CD49d, essential for cellular communicati...
Neonatal immunoglobulin secretion and lymphocyte phenotype in rat small intestine lamina propria
2005
We characterized the lymphocyte phenotype and the ability to produce Ig by lamina propria (LP) cells from rat ileum throughout the suckling period. In the first week after birth, Ͻ10% of LP lymphocytes were B cells, but at weaning, this figure rose to Ͼ30% as found in the adult. These B cells did not bear surface IgA (sIgAϪ). However, the number of sIgAϩ, which may correspond to B blast cells because they were outside lymphocyte cytometer gate, increased. In LP, IgM-secreting cells (SC) appeared during the second week of life, and IgA-SC were detected later but at a lower number. Regarding LP T cells, CD8ϩ cells were more abundant than CD4ϩ cells along the first 2 postnatal weeks, and CD3ϩCD8␣␣ϩTCR␣ϩCD5-CD25Ϫ was their predominating phenotype. In this 2-wk period, between 8 and 20% of LP were natural killer cells. LP CD4ϩ lymphocytes in neonatal rats showed increasing co-expression of TCR␣, whereas the co-expression of CD90 decreased and the CD4ϩCD25ϩ cell percentage did not achieve adult values. In conclusion, in the first 2 wk of the rat life, the gut LP immune system shows abundant CD8␣␣ϩ cells, including NK cells. Thereafter, LP B cells increase dramatically and Ig-SC appear, with IgM-SC being more abundant than IgA-SC. CD4ϩ LP lymphocytes acquire a mature phenotype and adult proportions later after weaning. (Pediatr Res 58: 164-169, 2005) Abbreviations ELISPOT, solid-phase enzyme-linked immunospot FBS, fetal bovine serum GALT, gut-associated lymphoid tissue LP, lamina propria LPL, lamina propria lymphocytes NK, natural killer sIg, surface immunoglobulin SC, secreting cells
Differential Appearance of T Cell Subsets in the Large and Small Intestine of Neonatal Mice
Pediatric Research, 2001
We examined the appearance of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) during the first 12 wk of life to gain insight into postnatal factors that contribute to the differences found between IEL in the large and small intestines of adult mice. Intestinal T cells were very infrequent at birth, but increased in number in the large and small intestine during the first 4 wk of life and then stabilized. The small intestinal epithelium at 2 wk of age contained mostly T cell receptor (TCR) ␣ϩ, CD2ϩ T cells, unlike IEL in adult mice, which were composed of nearly equal proportions of CD2Ϫ, TCR ␣ϩ and TCR ␥␦ϩ cells. Between 2 and 3 wk of age, TCR ␥␦ϩ, CD2Ϫ IEL increased greatly in the small intestine, whereas TCR ␣ϩ cells expressing CD2 decreased. By contrast, IEL in the large intestine at 2 and 3 wk of age were mostly TCR ␣ϩ, CD2ϩ T cells similar to large intestinal IEL in adult mice. And finally, the expression of CD69 increased earlier and to higher levels on TCR ␣ϩ and TCR ␥␦ϩ IEL in the small intestine than in the large intestine. Our ABSTRACT 543
Revista Médica del Hospital General de México, 2019
At birth, mammals make the transition from aseptic surroundings to a pathogen-filled environment; hence, the gut is constantly exposed to high antigenic. The mucosal epithelial layer of the gut forms the interface between the external and internal environments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that in newborns allows the passage of nutrients for the maturation of cells in different tissues. In addition to this physiological barrier, an immunological barrier is created and maintained by immune cells located in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). The first contact of the pathogens with the host is carried out through the GALT, and it constitutes the most extensive and complex part of the immune system. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the development of the intestinal immune response in the suckling rat model. Methods: The location and temporal appearance of the different subsets of B-cells in the GALT and the spleen of suckling and weaning rats were studied histologically using the immunoperoxidase method. Results: The results showed that the number of B-cells of the suckling and weaning rats increases progressively with age; on day 21 when weaning took place, there was an important increase in all B-cells subsets. Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) showed the most apparent B-cell subset changes. Interestingly, subpopulations of IgA B-cells and IgG B-cells appear early at 3 days old in NLM unlike Peyer's patches where these subpopulations appear at 12 and 6 days, respectively, which may indicate that the immune response is originally triggered in intestinal MLN.
Development of Intestinal Mucosal Immunity in Fetal Life and the First Postnatal Months
Pediatric Research, 1992
Nine premature infants who were either stillborn or who died shortly after delivery (gestational age, 24-32 wk), eight full-term infants who died during the first 3 postnatal wk, and four infants who died in the postneonatal period were studied by immunohistochemistry for duodenal expression of secretory component (SC) and epithelial HLA class I and II determinants and for the presence of IgA-, IgM-, and IgG-producing immunocytes. Only small amounts of SC appeared before the 29th gestational wk, but thereafter it increased rapidly; 1 wk after birth, SC showed an adult distribution pattern. Epithelial class I was expressed throughout the period investigated, whereas class II (HLA-DR) determinants were absent on the duodenal villi until 1 wk after birth. HLA-DP and -DQ were not expressed by the epithelium. No IgA immunocytes were seen before 1 wk after birth, whereas a few IgM- and IgG-producing cells were present throughout the period studied. The intense epithelial HLA-DR expression from the 2nd postnatal wk, along with SC and the appearance of IgA immunocytes, suggests that the intestinal immune system is modulated in response to environmental factors shortly after birth.
Studies of the immunoglobulin-producing cells of the human intestine: the defunctioned bowel
Gut, 1982
An indirect immunoperoxidase method was used to visualise immunoglobulincontaining cells in the large intestinal mucosa of 10 children who had defunctioning colostomies. Intestine deprived of its usual exposure to intraluminal antigens contained less immunocytes per unit area than intestinal mucosa subjected to normal stimulation by dietary and microbial antigens. These findings substantiate in man the conclusion based on observations made on animals that continued mucosal exposure to antigenic stimulation is necessary for the existence of an adequate population of intestinal immunocytes.
Pediatric Research, 2005
The main objective of this study was to characterize developmental changes in small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) subpopulations during the suckling period, thus contributing to the understanding of the development of diffuse gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and to the identification of early mechanisms that protect the neonate from the first contact with diet and gut microbial antigens. The study was performed by double labeling and flow cytometry in IEL isolated from the proximal and distal small intestine of 1-to 21-d-old Lewis rats. During the suckling period, intraepithelial natural killer (NK) cells changed from a typical systemic phenotype, CD8ϩ, to a specific intestinal phenotype, CD8-. Analysis of CD8ϩ IEL revealed a progressive increase in the relative number of CD8ϩ IEL co-expressing TCR␣, cells associated with acquired immunity, whereas the percentage of CD8ϩ cells expressing the NK receptor, i.e. cells committed to innate immunity, decreased. At weaning, IEL maturity was still not achieved, as revealed by a phenotypic pattern that differed from that of adult rats. Thus, late after weaning, the regulatory CD8ϩCD4ϩ
Sequential Appearance of T Lymphocyte Subsets in the Developing Mouse Intestine • 23
Pediatric Research, 1998
We examined the appearance of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) during the first 12 wk of life to gain insight into postnatal factors that contribute to the differences found between IEL in the large and small intestines of adult mice. Intestinal T cells were very infrequent at birth, but increased in number in the large and small intestine during the first 4 wk of life and then stabilized. The small intestinal epithelium at 2 wk of age contained mostly T cell receptor (TCR) ␣ϩ, CD2ϩ T cells, unlike IEL in adult mice, which were composed of nearly equal proportions of CD2Ϫ, TCR ␣ϩ and TCR ␥␦ϩ cells. Between 2 and 3 wk of age, TCR ␥␦ϩ, CD2Ϫ IEL increased greatly in the small intestine, whereas TCR ␣ϩ cells expressing CD2 decreased. By contrast, IEL in the large intestine at 2 and 3 wk of age were mostly TCR ␣ϩ, CD2ϩ T cells similar to large intestinal IEL in adult mice. And finally, the expression of CD69 increased earlier and to higher levels on TCR ␣ϩ and TCR ␥␦ϩ IEL in the small intestine than in the large intestine. Our ABSTRACT 543