ROFI Zone (Region of Freshwater Influence) and Its Impact on Total Dissolved Solids in the Coastal District of Sukadana Kayong Utara (original) (raw)
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2018
Salinity is one of the parameters needed by farm workers and farmers to determine groundwater quality. High salinity values will greatly affect the concentration of ground water and will make plants difficult to grow and develop properly. Coastal areas in the distric of Sampang are good coastal areas and along the south coast are dominated by mangroves which are diverse, and many businesses of saltmaking are also found. The purpose of this study is to create a mathematical model that can provide an overview of the trend of growing groundwater salinity due to seepage from seawater in the Madura strait, where this mathematical model can be used as a reference in the future to predict how much seawater seepage results in an increase or decrease of ground water salinity. The method used to map salinity concentration based on remote sensing data, where the data used is the surface reflectance value of the Aqua Modis Level 2 satellite image that obtained from the earthexplorer.usgs.gov we...
Hydrological Contribution toward Sea Water Intrusion Phenomenon in Terengganu, Malaysia
A study was conducted at Paka River, Terengganu on determination of hydrological characteristics of Paka River at seven sampling stations. Sampling was started from the estuary of Paka River, and ended about 14 km away from the estuary as each station was 2 km apart from each other. Sampling was carried out at two different water tides (low and high water tides) and two durational variations which represented by the Northeast Monsoon (wet period) and the Southeast Monsoon (dry period). Hydrological measurements of river velocity, river width and river depth were measured by using specific equipment. River width was measured by using a rangefinder (model Bushnell 20-0001), river depth was measured by using a depth meter (model Speedtech SM- 5) and river velocity was measured by using a flow meter/current flow meter (model FP101). Water quality parameters such as conductivity, salinity, pH and total dissolved solids (TDS) were directly measured in the field by using a multiparameter YSI 556 meter. Analyses of sodium, sulphate and magnesium ions were performed according to the standard method of analysis by APHA and HACH. Primary data which consist of hydrological measurements and physicochemical properties of Paka River were measured and analyzed for each sampling stations. Physicochemical parameters which consist of pH, total dissolved solids, salinity, electrical conductivity, sodium, sulphate and magnesium concentrations were applied in order to determine the correlations with the influence of seawater movement and other factors to the water quality of Paka River. Overall, station 1 was showing the highest readings for most physicochemical parameters at both water tides during the first and second samplings. Stations 1 that were located at the downstream identified by high readings of most physicochemical parameters as compared to stations 7 which located at the upstream, is related to the effect of seawater movement during high tide. Higher readings of physicochemical parameters were also shown during dry season since freshwater flow from the upstream due to less rainfall intensity.
Salinity Pattern in Semarang Coastal City: An Overview
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, 2013
Semarang Coastal City is one of cities in Indonesia which has experienced a long-term salt intrusion. Land subsidence and groundwater exploitation were identified as main factors accelerated salt intrusion in this area. Extended salt intrusion into the land from year to year cannot be neglected. Salinity pattern and land use affected by this intrusion must be identified. Salinity pattern could be identified by electrical conductance content. The purposes of this research are: a) to define spatial electrical conductance map from 1995 to 2008 and b) to identify salinity pattern in each land use. Primary data set of electrical conductance measurement in 2004 and 2008 was performed. Secondary data set of electrical conductance was collected in 1995 and 2000. Electrical conductance mapping was assigned by point interpolation using GIS Environment. Land use classification was interpreted from topographical map and IKONOS using GIS Environment. Field check of land use was also done in the study area. Geologically, the area setting consists of Damar, Kalibiuk, and Breccias Formations, where the Damar Formation is the recharge source for groundwater in Semarang City. Based on the result, it can be concluded that the salinity content in groundwater increased from 1995-2008. In 1995, there was only 2.4% of brackish groundwater in Semarang Coastal City, but in 2008, most of area in that region was classified as saline. Land use conversion into built up area increased from 1998 to 2008. The area intruded by salt water increased within 1995, 2004, and 2008 periods. About 68 % of the area contained brackish water and most of the area were built up area in 1995. In 2004, no fresh groundwater found in Semarang Coastal City and the area of brackish groundwater reached 77% and about 23% was saline groundwater which 82% of the built up area included brackish groundwater. In 2008, approximately 55% of Semarang Coastal City was occupied by saline groundwater. About 51% of groundwater built up area was saline.
Characteristics of saltwater intrusion during high and low waters along Sungai Kilim, Langkawi Kedah
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2018
Salinity distribution is one of the physical indices that is important to determine water resources management and quality in estuaries. There are many other driven parameters in determining salt intrusion such as tides, river discharge, and river geometry. This paper studies the salinity distribution using the tide driven parameters during high and low waters. The objectives of this study are to obtain the salinity and pH values at different tidal impact of low and high waters in determining one of the physical indices along Kilim River, Langkawi. There were ten different stations with 500 m of interval along the study area starting from the Kilim River Jetty towards the river mouth. The salinity was obtained from six different depths with the reading of pH values and temperature as supporting details of the observation made along the Kilim River, Langkawi. The depth at each station varied from 0.5 to 3.0 m with 0.5 m of interval. Based on the results obtained from this study, the salinity during high water was highly stratified compared to those of low water. The salinity characteristic is important to further research on the impact of sea level rise at the estuaries. The salinity distribution pattern may contribute to the different species of vegetation along the Kilim River, Langkawi. Therefore, this study will help in contributing the mangrove migration for future research.
Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings, 2020
Kwanyar in Bangkalan Madura district is an area that is not very fertile, the soil contains limestone and the coastal areas of the coast are the result of reclamation for several years. Thus, what used to be water areas turn into land. The purpose of this research is to map and analyze the effect of changes in acidity values on the coast with changes in salinity values that accompany them so that the most suitable mathematical model can be found to describe the coastal conditions of the Kwanyar area. The method developed to map and analyze is the use of remote sensing technology using Terra MODIS satellite imagery with a pixel resolution of 1 kilometer. The results obtained from a series of measurements carried out are that the most suitable wavelength for salinity mapping is 667 nanometers with an exponential mathematical model. This study concludes that the value of acidity in the aquatic environment is statistically sufficient to influence changes in the concentration of salinity...
The distribution patterns mapping of seawater intrusion in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi Province
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019
The main purpose of this research is to determine the distribution pattern of seawater intrusion in Kendari City, Southeast Province by using direct observation method by measuring the value of electrical conductivity (EC). The electrical conductivity measurement was done at 140 points of groundwater wells owned by the communities. The EC result of electrical conductivity value varies and categorized in five groups that are: 541 - 2,650 μS/cm, 400 - 520 μS/cm, 240 - 374.4 μS/cm, and 208 - 224.4 μS/cm. Based on the EC values, indicated that several areas in Kendari City have experienced with high water sea intrusion within the region Tondunggeu, Puday, Kasilampe, Mata and Purirano with electrical conductivity values range from 541 μS/cm to 2,650 μS/cm.
2008
A study regarding the influence of seasonal changes on . physico-chemical characteristics of seawater was conducted in coastal area of Sepangar and Gaya Bays, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. The objectives of study were to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of seawater (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, total suspended solid and nutrients) and the effect of seasonal changes and current on the distribution of those parameters. Sampling were conducted at eight stations during inter monsoon (March - May), Southwest monsoon (July - September) and Northeast monsoon (December - February) from 2006 to 2007. Temperature, DO, salinity and pH were measured in-situ using multi probe sensor (Hydrolab surveyor 4a). Current measurements were recorded using current meter (Aquadop Nortex). Total suspended solids and nutrients (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate) were performed using Standard method as suggested by APHA and Parsons respectively. The results of study showed that sal...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2018
Balikpapan Bay is located in the East Borneo Province of Borneo, Indonesia and directly connected to the Makassar Strait and also has very important role in determining the dynamics of ocean current, heat and freshwater content in the Makassar Strait. Numerical model has been used to simulate the dynamic process such as the changes of water mass in the Balikpapan Bay. We have used the terrain following three-dimensional Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). Tides, river discharges, and atmospheric forcing (surface fields) have been used as generating forces for the model. The model has been simulated for three months from 1 October 2012 to 1 January 2013. The model has been validated by computing the RMSE, MAPE and Willmott's index of agreement (d) using water level observation at the sampling station in Semayang port, Balikpapan. The verification showed a good agreement between model prediction and field observation data with RMSE = 7.8 cm, MAPE = 14.3% and d = 0.995 (with a value of perfect agreement equals to 1.0). The results analysed using vertical profile of salinity and temperature from 22 sampling stations with 11 stations located at the inner part of Balikpapan Bay. While the other stations located outside the Balikpapan Bay were used to analyse watermass. Water circulation is mostly dominated by the forcing from tides. The model results showed that the outer part of Balikpapan Bay is saltier than the inner part of Balikpapan bay. The highest average temperature occurred along coastal areas with value ~31 0 C. The distribution of vertical salt transport showed that the water masses tend to be stratified during neap tides and mixed during spring tides condition.
E3S web of conferences, 2024
The uncontrolled underground water exploitation and inadequate domestic and industrial wastewater control systems have contributed significantly to groundwater degradation. The groundwater degradation potentially initiates the seawater intrusion especially on the coastal area. The present study aims to analyze the seawater intrusion using geophysical and geochemical approach in the coastal area of Belawan and Medan Industrial Area which close to the coastal area. 15 borehole water samples collected were analyzed to determine anions, cations concentrations, and facies. The results showed that the lithostratigraphy of the study area consisted of alluvial in form of watery gravel and clay layers. The investigation of the groundwater using the geoelectricmethod showed that the resistivity values for track 1 (GL-1) and track (GL-02) are 129Ω to 371Ω. These values are interpreted as layers of sand that have experienced seawater intrusion at a depth of 40-60 meters. Furthermore, the water quality tests at the point of wells 1 and 2 on the chloride parameter, where the highest chloride concentration with values of 205.8 mg/l and 203.2 mg/l, was polluted. The result proved that the seawater intrusion has stimulated the groundwater in the coastal area of Belawan and Medan Industrial Area, Indonesia.
2018
The most prominent threats to the main water resource in north east Kelantan, is theintrusion of salt water especially in the second aquifer and part of the third aquifer. The mainpurpose of this work was to evaluate the salt water intrusion into the first aquifer. It wasinvestigated using physical and chemical characteristics of ground water, which revealed that. Arange of pH from 4.95 7.63, electrical conductivity (EC) 70 2561 µs/cm, salinity 0.02 1.21, andtotal dissolved solids 0.025 1.73 mg/l. A range of calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl) andsulfate (SO4) 1.51 37.41, 2.11 78.92, 2.84 575.2 and 0.92 172.82 mg/L respectively. Thevalues of Na, Ca, SO4, Cl and EC were decrease gradually from the sea towards inland and viceversa. A variation in ground water levels between the dry and wet seasons which were in therange of 0.2 1.97 m. Moreover, the freshwater/saltwater interface was located on the shoreline inthe dry season and retreated in the wet season. Generally, the salt wat...