Effects of polyherbal formulation 'ImmuPlus' on immunity and disease resistance of Indian major carp, Labeo rohita at different stages of growth (original) (raw)
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Research Article, 2022
The present study was conducted to investigate the biochemical changes in the gills and intestine of Labeo rohita treated with Aqua Fix and Aeromonas hydrophila. 3 groups (A, B, C) of experimental and 1 group (D) of control fish (6 months old) were selected for investigations. Two groups of fish (A, B) were treated with Aqua Fix for 4 days, fish of group B and C were infected with A. hydrophila @ 10-6 CFU/fish on day 5 (normal feed was given to fish of group C). Controls (group D) were untreated and uninfected. Tissue samples were collected on day 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 15 after infection from fish of group B and C, and also from groups A and D on the same designated days. Protein and DNA from gills and intestine were estimated following standard methods. Statistical analysis on gill protein and DNA, and muscle protein and DNA showed significant levels in immunomodulated fish (Group A) compared to that of immunomodulated + infected (Group B), infected (Group C) and control fish (Group D) indicating that the treated immunostimulant (Aqua Fix) might have modulated the immunity resulting in the increase of biomolecules It is also clear that aeromoniasis might influence the lysis of protein in gill and intestine leading to the low level of protein and DNA in gills and intestine of fish in groups B and C.
Fish farmers used vaccines to control diseases can result in the development of drug resistant pathogens, environmental pollution and accumulation of residues in fish. In recent years, application of medicinal valuable plants in aquaculture is considered as a promising alternative to vaccines. The present investigation was designed to study the eight plant extracts and screened their antimicrobial activities against Aeromonashydrophila, a bacterial pathogen in common carp, Cyprinuscarpio. Using disc diffusion assays, five extracts among these ten (Azadirachtaindica, Andrographispaniculata, Allium sativum, SolanumtricobatumandOcimum sanctum) were selected and equal proportions of them were mixed thoroughly with the artificial feeds at concentrations of 0.0 (A), 100 (B), 200 (C), 400 (D) and 800 (D) mg kg-1 of dry diet. The experiment was conducted with the adult fishes for a period of 60 days. The prepared diets were fed the common carp during experiment and then challenged with A. hydrophila which was given by intraperitoneal injection. To evaluate the immune response and resistance against A. hydrophila infection of fish, hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters were investigated at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of feeding and also 15 th day of post-challenge. Results shows that RBC, WBC, Hb, Ht, MCV, MCH, MCHC, serum total protein, glucose, cholesterol, serum bactericidal activity and lysozyme activity were increased in fish fed with plant extract mixed diets compared to the control group. At the end of post-challenge test, the survival rates were 42.43% in control group (A) and 62.75, 79.35, 84.65 and 89.57% in group B, C and D respectively. These results indicate that addition of herbal extract can promote immunity and can prevent disease in common carp.
Effect of Some Feed Additives on Fish Immunity
2011
This study aimed to throw the light on the importance of Algae-flora as a feed additives on the fish immunity and diseases prevention through study its effect on, differential leucocytic counts growth performance Its effects of (TWBCs and TRBCs) (Lymphocyte, monocyte), , its effects on Phagocytic activity and Phagocytic index, its effects on antibody titer against some pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila . Mortality rate and relative level of protection as well as some pathological alterations were recorded. By addition of the Algae-flora at a higher concentration 0.3 Algaeflora/Kg improve the immunity of the fish against different stress condition that may causes infection of the fish by different diseases. It improves the differential leucocytic counts (Lymphocyte and monocyte,) in the blood of the treated fish with a higher doses of Algae-flora. Improving the level of (TWBCs and TRBCs) by higher doses of Algae-flora than the lower dose of Algae-flora. Improving the Phagocytic activit...
Research Article, 2022
The efficacy of oral feeding diet (supplement) Aqua Fix was studied on the biochemical changes in liver and immune response with regard to biochemical profile against aeromoniasis in L.rohita. Three groups(A,B,C) of six months old fish were employed; groups A and B were treated with Aqua Fix for 4 days, on day 5 fish of group B and C were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila @ 10-6 CFU/fish(fish of group C were fed with normal diet for 4 days).Controls (group D) were untreated and uninfected. Necropsies were made on day 1, 2,3,4,7 and 15 after infection in fish of group B and C; fish of group A and D were also necropsied on same designated days. Liver protein, carbohydrate, DNA and RNA were estimated following standard methods and results were subjected to statistical analysis and found that the immunostimulant modulated immunity to enhance the level of protein, carbohydrate, DNA and RNA in liver. Stress caused by aeromoniasis led to the decrease of all the above biomolecules in fish which received infection (group C) .
Modulation of Immune Response in Edible Fish against Aeromonas hydrophila
The present study was to obtain a basic knowledge of the hematology of Catla catla Post challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish were fed diets representing different supplementation levels of Aegle marmelos fruit extract. The various concentration of fruit extract were 10mg, 20mg and 30mg per 100g for each diet of fish. Supplementation of experimental feed after seven days collected from serum in treated fish to haematological parameters and biochemical parameters were analysed between control and experiment. The results of challenge test suggest that the fishes fed with 30mg Aegle marmelos diet had better immunostimulatory activity compared to the control group. Thus, our finding confirms our concentration that Aegle marmelos is a growth promoter and immunostimulant.
our plant based immunostimulants (Echinacea purpurea 0.25 and 1.0 ppt, Allium sativum 3 %, Nigella sativa 3% and Origanum marjorana 2 and 3% and mixture of Allium sativum , Nigella sativa 3:1, 1:3 and 3:3%, respectively) were tested as feed additives for their effect on the survival and growth of 1600 Oreochromis niloticus. The mean weights of fish used in the various treatments was 1.11± 0.01. Four ponds were used in this experiment, each contained 10 hapas represented 10 treatments including the control that randomly distributed and each hapa contained 40 fish. The experiment was conducted in two phases ie; the summer (3 months) where tilapia fed basal diet mixed with feed additives and the winter (6 months) where tilapia feed on basal diet only. By end of first phase (summer), weight gain in fish treated with 1 ppt echinacea (E2) was significantly higher than that in the control. The observed values of the biomass in all the treatment groups were higher than that in the control g...
Indian Journal of Animal Research, Volume 58 Issue 3: 453-458 (March), 2024
Background: Nursery phase is one of most critical phase in the production of stockable seed materials in carp culture. Generally, it is observed that the recovery of carp during spawn to fry is very low in farmers' practice because of unavailability of nutrition rich feed with essencial macro and micronutrients. Methods: To address this problem, a nursery feed for carp was formulated and prepared using high-quality feed ingredients i.e. maize, soybean meal, groundnut oil cake (GNOC), fish meal, rice bran with supplementation of oil, minerals (with nano selenium and nano zinc) and vitamin mixture and compared the performance of nursery rohu with existing feed used by farmers Odisha, W est Bengal and Chhattisgarh. During the demonstration period of two weeks (spawn to fry), fish of treatment ponds were fed with nursery feed (CIFA-Carp Starter) whereas the fish of control ponds were fed with existing feeds used by the farmers. The parameters like survivability, growth and immunity of nursery rohu in treatment ponds were recorded and compared with nursery rohu of control ponds. Result: The results of demonstration showed that, the weight gain, survival and immunity of nursery rohu was superior when fed with CIFA-Carp Starter compared to existing feed practiced by farmers in three states. Hence, there is need to popularise this feed for improvement of aquaculture sector in the whole country.
Veterinary World, 2020
Aim: The present study aimed at highlighting the effects of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju), as a dietary supplement on growth performance, differential leukocytes population, and histological changes of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) in spleen and kidney of fancy carp on bacterial infection. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 fancy carp were allocated into four groups according to feed formulations including; (1) basal diet with 2% crude extract of P. sajor-caju, (2) basal diet with 2% β-glucan, whereas Group 3, and Group 4 were positive and negative control, which were fed only basal diet. Diets were provided for 30 days, thereafter, fish of Group 1 to Group 3 were intraperitoneally injected with Aeromonas veronii (1.8×109 CFU), whereas Group 4 was injected with normal saline. At day 7 post-bacterial inoculation, all fish were weighed, whole blood was collected for differential white blood cell count, and two visceral organs, posterior kidney and spleen, were collected from euthanized fish to observe histological changes, particularly MMCs. Results: No significant differences in body weight were found (p>0.05) at 1st week of the experiment; however, fish body weight was significantly increased from week 2 to week 4 of the experiment. Increased monocyte number was found in carp fish fed with the P. sajor-caju or β-glucan supplemented diets compared to the control groups (p<0.05). The proliferation of monocyte in fish was consistent with increased number and size of MMCs in hemotopoietic organs, posterior kidney and spleen, especially in fancy carp fed with of P. sajor-caju crude extract and commercially available β-glucan before bacterial inoculation in fish. Conclusion: These findings indicate that crude polysaccharide from P. sajor-caju can be potentially used as a feed additive that might promote innate immune function in fish.
In order to determine the immunomodulatory effect of dietary intake of levamisole in the common carp, specimen were fed diets containing 0 (control), 125, 250 and 500 mg levamisole kg -1 of dry diet for a period of 70 days. Experimental stock was challenged intra-peritoneally with Aeromonas hydrophila on 30 th and 58 th day. Hematobiochemical parameters were determined on day 0, 57 and day 70. The total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin content, hematocrit value, total serum protein, albumin and globulin content were significantly (P<0.05) enhanced in levamisole supplemented groups particularly in 250 mg kg -1 group; however the TLC was significantly (P<0.05) higher in control (infected) group. Lysozyme activity and NBT assay were significantly stimulated in levamisole supplemented groups displaying the highest value in 250 mg kg -1 group on day 57. After the stock in all the groups had been challenged intra-peritoneally with Aeromonas hydrophila on 30 th and 58 th day, the relative percentage survival was significantly higher in 250 mg kg -1 group (89.6%), followed by 500 mg kg -1 group (81.3%) and 100 mg kg -1 group (47.9%). Specific growth rate (SGR) was significantly (P<0.05) the highest in 250 mg kg -1 group (2.67%) and the lowest in control group (1.82%) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) value was found to be the best in 250 mg kg -1 group (1.81), followed by 500 mg kg -1 group (1.85), 100 mg kg -1 group (2.02) and control group (2.32). The findings of the present investigation suggest that the incorporation of levamisole in the diet of common carp fingerlings certainly enhances the non-specific immunity, increases their resistance to infection, and reduces the mortality and enhances the growth of fish.