Evaluation of different neem products in comparison with imidacloprid against different morphs of mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi Kalt.) on canola crop (original) (raw)
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The present studies were conducted to find out the compatibility of neem oil with the predator, Chrysoperla carnea for the management of aphids in canola. Among the different treatments tested, module consisting of neem oil 2% + C. carnea proved very effective in reducing the aphid population with an average of 18.6/plant. Neem oil 1% and C. carnea alone also produced significant results compared to untreated check where mean per plant population of aphid was 39.3 and 41.3, respectively. Maximum seed yield (3295.1 kg/ha) was recorded from neem oil 2% + C. carnea followed by neem oil 1% + C. carnea (3219.1 kg/ha) and neem oil 2% (2809.4 kg/ha), respectively. Over all mean population of C. carnea was highest (0.48/plant) in plots treated with predators alone. The same was second most abundant (0.40/plant) in plots treated with neem oil 1% + C. carnea followed by plots treated with neem oil 2% + C. carnea (0.36/plant). The study manifested neem oil concentrations relatively safe to beneficial insects and suitable for use in integrated pest management of aphids in canola.
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology
Different neem (Azadirachta indica L.) extracts (leaf and seed) and seed oils were tested against English grain aphid (Sitobion avenae F.) with a neonicotinoid, imidacloprid on wheat. All neem oils and neem seed kernel extract proved comparatively more effective in laboratory bioassay studies, with LC 50 values ranging from 0.34 to 1.10%. In field-cage experiment, neem seed oil-hexane was statistically similar with imidacloprid followed by neem seed oil-expeller and neem seed kernel extract, while neem seed oil-ethanol was at par with imidacloprid. On the basis of cumulative insect days in field trials, neem seed oilexpeller proved as effective as imidacloprid in controlling the aphids, while except neem seed cake extract, all other treatments were statistically at par with imidacloprid. Non-significant differences were found in the population of mummified aphids between control and neem seed kernel extract, neem leaf extract, neem seed oil-hexane, neem seed cake extract and neem seed oil-expeller. There existed non-significant differences in all treatments regarding aphid predators. Maximum increase in wheat yield (7.28 q/ha) was observed in neem seed kernel extract treated plots followed by those of imidacloprid (7.23 q/ha). Application of imidacloprid resulted in maximum cost-benefit ratio (1:1.34) followed by that of neem seek kernel extract 5% (1:1.31). If the additional cost of loss of beneficial organisms and environmental risks posed by the application of synthetic insecticides is considered, the cost-benefit ratio of neem seed kernel extract may be comparable to that of imidacloprid and may be used against wheat aphids.
2019
The bio-efficacy of eight plant aqueous extracts <em>viz</em> Neem (<em>Azadiracta indica</em>), Bakaino (<em>Melia composite</em>), Asuro (<em>Adhatoda vasica)</em>, Titepati (<em>Artimesia vulgaris)</em>, Khirro (<em>Sapium insigne)</em>, Bojho (<em>Acorus calamus)</em>, Tobacco (<em>Nicotinia tabaccum)</em> and Marigold (<em>Tagetes erecta)</em> were tested on Lumle tori-1 variety of rapeseed against mustard aphid (<em>Lipaphis erysimi</em> Kalt.) during rabi season of 2018/19 under field and lab conditions at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Lamjung Campus, Lamjung, Nepal. The treatments were eight plant extracts, cypermethrin 10% EC (@1.5 mL/L), and water as control. Aphids were deliberately exposed to the treatments and then the numbers of alive and dead aphids were counted. The plant extracts showed highly significant effect on aphid morta...
The present investigations entitled: " Studies on insect-pests complex in mustard and bio-efficacy of insecticides against major insect-pests " was carried out at Students' Instructional Farm of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad during Rabi, 2016. All the treatments gave significantly higher yield (010.20-13.00 q/ha) over control (9.67 q/ha). The effect of treatment on seed yield was found higher yield (13.00q/ha) in Emamectin Benzoate @ 0.005%. As compare to other tested treatments. The result showed that all the chemicals had better yield in compression to botanicals. Among botanicals Nimbecidine @ 0.45% gave highest yield which over at par with other botanicals except castor oil. The Effectiveness of treatments was determined based on the population of mustard aphid was recorded one day before spray as pre-treatment observation, while post treatment observations were taken at 3, 7 and 10 days after spray. Application of treatments with botanical and chemical insecticides. Among all insecticides in which Emamectin benzoate @ 50g ai/ha. were found more effective due to minimum insect-pest infestation and resulted significantly more yield over control.
2015
Nigeria is known as one of the major producers of Pepper in the world accounting for about 50% of the African production [1]. Although, pepper is widely cultivated throughout Nigeria, yields obtained by peasant farmers are often very low [2]. This is mainly due to infestations by insect pests among which is the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae),an important pest of the Solanaceae family reported as one of the most economically important pests of Pepper in West Africa [3]. The use of chemical insecticides for the efficient control of Myzus persicae is often unaffordable to peasant farmers and their use is associated with many undesirable and sometimes lethal consequences. In addition, the evolution of insecticide resistance in natural populations of M. persicae [4] has made chemical control of this species particularly problematic [5]. To combat problem of pest resistance and resurgence, effective chemical control of sucking pests requires an increased number of applications and application doses. As such, botanical pesticides are important alternatives to minimize or replace the use of synthetic pesticides [6]. Extracts from various parts of Neem are among the most widely used biological pesticides and serve as a viable alternative for the management of many sucking insects. Azadirachta indica is often used in this regard. It is known to be active on more than 200 economically important species of insects and the fact that azadirachtin is selective toward phytophagous insects with minimal toxicity to beneficial insects, increases its potential value to pest management [7]. Various scientists have reported that neem products exhibit antifeedant, growth regulatory and repellency effects on insects. Lowery and Isman [8] demonstrated that nine species of aphids were susceptible to the insect growth regulating (IGR) activities of Neem seed oil and the mortality occurred mainly during failed attempts to molt. Similarly, studies by Egho and Ilondu [9] also showed that Neem seed extract significantly reduced aphid population (Aphis craccivora) when compared to the unprotected plots (control). Although several commercial formulations containing azadirachtin are available in the world market for insect control, these refined products are expensive for peasant farmers in developing countries [10]. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Preparation of Aqueous Neem Seed Extract Aqueous Neem seed extract was prepared according to methods described by [11]: Three concentration levels (100%, 75% and 50%) of aqueous extracts of neem seed (ANSE) were prepared by soaking 1kg of neem seed
Journal of Oilseed Brassica, 2020
A field study was conducted at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2016-17 to evaluate the bio-efficacy and economics of thirteen botanicals insecticides against mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. of Indian mustard. The per cent aphid reduction over control after seven days of application was found to be maximum (93.2 %) in Dimethoate 30 EC @ 625 ml/ha followed by Azadirachtin 10000 ppm @ 1.0 ml per litre of water (81.6%), Azadirachtin 1500 ppm @ 1.0 ml per litre of water (78.49%), neem oil 3% (76.4%) and neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) 5% (71.4%). The highest BCR (1:7.6) was obtained from treatment Dimethoate 30 EC followed by Azadirachtin 1500 ppm (1:5.4), Azadirachtin 10000 ppm (1:4.1) and NSKE 5% (1:3.1). Therefore, Azadirachtin 1500 ppm @ 1.0 ml per litre of water may be recommended as most economical, and ecofriendly alternative to chemical insecticides for the management of mustard aphid.
The studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of four insecticides, imidacloprid (Confidor 200 SL) @ 150 ml/acre, acetamiprid (Mospilan 20 SP) @ 80g/acre, carbosulfan (Advantage 20 EC) @ 300 ml/acre and thiamethoxam (Actara 25 WP) @ 24g/acre with different mode of actions were tested against mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi Kalt.) in the field of canola crop at Entomological Research Area of University of Agriculture Faisalabad during 2013-14. The data was recorded pre and post (24 hrs, 48 hrs, 72 hrs and 1 week) treatment. Results showed that all the four insecticides, viz., imidacloprid (Confidor 200 SL) @ 150 ml/acre, acetamiprid (Mospilan 20 SP) @ 80 g/acre, carbosulfan (Advantage 20 EC) @ 300 ml/acre and thiamethoxam (Actara 25 WP) @ 24 g/acre, Advantage 20 EC (carbosulfan) @ 300 ml/acre gave satisfactory results as compared with control. But statistically highest population reduction was found with the application of Advantage 20 EC (carbosulfan) @ 300 ml/acre while the lowest population reduction was found with Mospilan 20 SP (acetamiprid) @ 80 g/acre. It is concluded that all insecticides were effective statistically against the Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) need to be tested on different cultivars of rapeseed mustard.
Efficacy of plant leaf extracts against mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) under field condition
The bio-efficacy of five plant leaf extracts were tested in Morang-2 variety of Rapeseed against Mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi Kalt.) during November to March, 2016/17 at research field of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Lamjung Campus, Lamjung, Nepal. The plant leaf extracts were prepared by decomposing chopped leaves of Neem, Bakaino, Hattibar, Khirro, and Bojho in cow urine for one month period. Total five extracts were prepared, one by mixing all the leaf while remaining four extracts were prepared excluding one ingredient in each mixture but keeping Tobacco and Bojho in all five extracts. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Completely Block Design using five botanical extracts, chemical (Cypermethrin 10% EC) and control which were replicated thrice. The Rapeseed plant was sprayed with prepared extracts at 30 days after sowing (DAS), 45 DAS and 60 DAS and aphid number counted after 5, 10 and 15 days of each spray from 10 cm apical shoot. The greatest ...
PloS one, 2017
Wheat being staple food of Pakistan is constantly attacked by major wheat aphid species, Schizaphis graminum (R.), Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and Sitobion avenae (F.). Due to concern on synthetic chemical use in wheat, it is imperative to search for alternative environment- and human- friendly control measures such as botanical pesticides. In the present study, we evaluated the comparative role of neem seed extract (NSE), moringa leaf extract (MLE) and imidacloprid (I) in the management of the aphid as well as the yield losses parameters in late planted wheat fields. Imidacloprid reduced significantly aphids infestation compared to the other treatments, hence resulting in higher yield, particularly when applied with MLE. The percentages of yield increase in I+MLE treated plots over the control were 19.15-81.89% for grains per spike, 5.33-37.62% for thousand grain weight and 27.59-61.12% for yield kg/ha. NSE was the second most effective control measure in suppressing aphid population, ...